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INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS FOR THE YEAR 1856. A. Acids, on the conjugate sulpho-, sulphometholic, &c., 453. Airy (G. B., Esq.). Account of Pendulum Experiments undertaken in the Harton Colliery, for the purpose of determining the Mean Density of the Earth, 297.—Introduction and history, 297; description of experiments, 308; deduced proportion of gravity at the two stations, 330; observations and calculations relating to the difference of attraction of the Earth's shell on the two pendulums, upon an assumed value of density, 332; deduced mean density, 342. Discussion of the Observed Deviations of the Compass in several Ships, Wood-built and Iron-built; with a General Table for facilitating the examination of Compass-deviations, 53. Supplement to the "Account of Pendulum Experiments undertaken in the Harton Colliery," being an Account of Experiments undertaken to determine the correction for the Temperature of the Pendulum, 343.—Alteration in the value of the earth's mean density, 352; effect of the earth's rotation and ellipticity, 353. Andrews (Dr. Thomas). On the Constitution and Properties of Ozone, 1. Arthur's Seat, deflection of the plumb-line at, 591. Attraction, on the effect of local, 31 (see Pratt). B. Bakerian Lecture, On the Electro-dynamic Qualities of Metals, 649 (see Thomson). Barlow (Rev. John). On the Formation and some of the Properties of Cymidine, the Organic Base of the Cymole Series, 15. Barometer, construction of a standard, &c., 507. Beale (Dr. Lionel S.). On the ultimate arrangement of the Biliary Ducts, and on some other points in the Anatomy of the Liver of Vertebrate Animals, 375.—Of the ducts of the liver, 384. Biliary ducts, on the ultimate arrangement of the, 375. Buckton (George B., Esq.) and Dr. A. W. Hofmann. Researches on the Action of Sulphuric Acid upon the Amides and Nitriles, together with Remarks upon the Conjugate Sulpho-acids, 453.—Acetonitrile, 454; disulphometholic acid, 457; ethyl-series, disulphoetholic acid, 463; propyl-series, disulphopropiolic acid, 467; butyl- and phenyl-series, and corresponding acids, 469; action of sulphuric acid on aniline, sulphanilic and disulphanilic acids, 475. C. Carpenter (Dr. W. B.). Researches on the Foraminifera, 181.—Monograph of the genus Orbitalites, history, 187; general plan of organization, 193; physiology, 206; variations, 213; essential characters, &c., 223; species, 224; concluding remarks, 226. Researches on the Foraminifera, Part II., 547.—Genus Orbiculina, 547; Alveolina, 552; Cyclopeus, 555; Heterostegina, 562. Cayley (A., Esq.). A Second Memoir upon Quantics, 101. Researches on the Partition of Numbers, 127. A Third Memoir upon Quantics, 627. Challis (Rev. J.). On the Problem of Three Bodies, 523. Clarke (Captain). Computation of the Mean Specific Gravity of the Earth, from the observed deflection of the Plumb-line at Arthur's Seat, 591; of the Figure of the Earth as derived from the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain and Ireland, 610. Compass deviations in ships, 53 (see Airy). Convection of heat, electric, 651. Crystalline forms, 261 (see Rankine). Cymidine, formation of, from nitrocymole, 16; salts of, 17. D. Datisca cannabina, chemical examination of, 141; datiscine, 142; action of sulphuric acid on datiscine, datiscetine, 143; analysis of datiscine and datiscetine, 144; action of nitric acid, &c., 147; note, 156. Davy (Dr. John). Some Observations on the ova of the Salmon, in relation to the distribution of Species, 21.—Effect of exposure to the atmosphere, 22; to moist air, 23; to a temperature below the freezing-point, 24; to a temperature above 70° in water, 25; effect of salt and brackish water, 27; remarks, 28. Dentinal tubes, on the presence of fibrils of soft tissue in the, 515. Diamagnetic polarity, 237 (see Tyndall). Distribution of species, 21 (see Davy). E. Elasticity, axes of, 261 (see Rankine). Elasticity of solids, a mathematical theory of, 481 (see Thomson). Electro-dynamic investigations, 649 (see Thomson). INDEX. F. Faraday (Michael, Esq.). Experimental Researches in Electricity, Thirtieth Series, 159.— Constancy of magnecrystallic force in different media, 159; action of heat on magnecrystals, 168; effect of heat upon the absolute magnetic force of bodies, 176. Figure of the earth, 618. Foraminifera, researches on the, 181, 547 (see Carpenter). G. Gardenia lucida, gum of, gardenine, 155; note, 157. Gosse (Philip Henry, Esq.). On the Structure, Functions, and Homologies of the Manducatory Organs in the Class Rotifera, 419. H. Heat, effect of, on magnecrystals, &c., 168 (see Faraday). Hofmann (Dr. A. W.) and Buckton (George B., Esq.) (see Buckton). J. James (Lieut.-Colonel). On the Deflection of the Plumb-line at Arthur's Seat, and the Mean Specific Gravity of the Earth, 591. ——— On the Figure, Dimensions, and Mean Specific Gravity of the Earth, as derived from the Ordnance Trigonometrical Survey of Great Britain and Ireland, 607. Joule (J. P., Esq.). Introductory Research on the Induction of Magnetism by Electrical Currents, 287. K. Kilogramme des Archives, comparison of, with English Standard Pound, 874. Kirkman (Rev. Thomas P.). On the Enumeration of x-edra having Triedral Summits, and an (x−1)-gonal Base, 399. ——— On the Representation of Polyedra, 413. L. Light, action of crystals on, 283. Liver, on the structure of the, 384. Luminiferous force, compared with elasticity of solids, 282. Lunar-diurnal magnetic variations at Toronto, 499. M. Magnecrystallic force, 159 (see Faraday). Magnetic disturbances, on periodical laws discoverable in the mean effects of, 357 (see Sabine). Magnetic variation, lunar-diurnal, 499. Magnetism, induction of, by electrical currents, 287. Magnetization, effects of, on the thermo-electric qualities of metals, &c., 709 (see Thomson). Mean density of the earth, determination of, by pendulum experiments, 297 (see Airy); deduced value, 342, 352, 355. Mean specific gravity of the earth derived from observations at Arthur's Seat (Colonel James), 606, 609; from the Ordnance Trigonometrical Survey, 607 (Colonel James). Megatherium, on the, 571. Miller (Professor W. H.). On the Construction of the New Imperial Standard Pound, and its Copies of Platinum; and on the Comparison of the Standard Pound with the Kilogramme des Archives, 753. O. Orbitolites, monograph of the genus, 187 (see Carpenter). Owen (Professor). On the Megatherium (Megatherium Americanum, Cuvier and Blumenbach). Part III.—The Skull, 571. Ozone, on the constitution and properties of, 1. P. Partition of numbers, 127. Pendulum experiments for determining the earth's mean density, 297 (see Airy). Polar-magnet deviations, table of, 83. Polarity of the diamagnetic force, 237 (see Tyndall). Polyedra, on a class of, 399; on the representation of, 413. Pound, on the construction of the new imperial standard, 753. Pratt (Venerable John Henry). On the Effect of Local Attraction upon the Plumb-line at Stations on the English Arc of the Meridian, between Dunnose and Burleigh Moor; and a Method of computing its Amount, 31.—Calculation of the ellipticity of the arc without taking account of local attraction, 31; formula for calculating local attraction at any station, 36; application of the formula to obtain a rough approximation to the meridian deflection at Burleigh Moor, 44; Appendix, &c., 48. Problem of three bodies, on the, 523. Ptychotis Ajowan, chemical examination of, 149; note, 156. Q. Quantics, 101, 267. Quartz pound weight, comparison of, with standard, 894. R. Rankine (W. J. M.). On Axes of Elasticity and Crystalline Forms, 26.—General definition of axes of elasticity, 261; strains, stresses, potential energy, and coefficients of elasticity, 262; thlipsimetric, &c. &c. surfaces and invariants, 264; different kinds of isotropy and symmetry, 269; various transformations, 271; on real and alleged differences between the laws of the elasticity of solids, and those of the luminiferous force, 282; on the action of crystals on light, 283. Rotifera, on the manducatory organs in the class, 419. S. Sabine (Major-General Edward). On Periodical Laws discoverable in the Mean Effects of the larger Magnetic Disturbances.—No. III., 357.—General conclusions, decennial period, 361; annual period, 364; diurnal variation, 366. On the Lunar-Diurnal Magnetic Variation at Toronto, 499. Salmon, observations on the ova of the, 21 (see Davy). Stenhouse (Dr. J.). Examination of select Vegetable Products from India, 141. T. Thomson (Professor William). Elements of a Mathematical Theory of Elasticity, 481.—Part I. On stresses and strains (perfect and imperfect concurrences between stresses and strains, &c.), 481; Part II. On the mechanical conditions of relation between stresses and strains, experienced by an elastic solid (reduction of the potential function; six principal strains of an elastic solid, &c.), 493. Bakerian Lecture, On the Electro-dynamic Qualities of Metals, 649.—On the electric convection of heat, 651; on thermo-electric inversions, 698; effects of mechanical strain, and of magnetization, on the thermo-electric qualities of metals, 709; methods for comparing and determining galvanic resistances, illustrated by preliminary experiments on the effects of tension and of magnetization on the electric conductivity of metals, 730; on the effects of magnetization on the electric conductivity of metals, 736. Tomes (John, Esq.). On the Presence of Fibrils of Soft Tissue in the Dentinal Tubes, 515. Tyndall (Professor John). 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The Author. The Naval Observatory, Washington. Phys. Med. Soc. Würzburg. Pulkowa Observatory. The Author. The Senckenbergischen Academy. PRESENTS. LYELL (Sir C.) On certain Trains of Erratic Blocks on the Western borders of Massachusetts, United States. 8vo. MACGILLIVRAY (W.) The Natural History of Deeside and Braemar. Edited by E. Lankester, F.R.S. Printed for private circulation. 8vo. London 1855. MACLEOD (H. D.) The Theory and Practice of Banking. Vols. 1 & 2. 8vo. London 1855–56. MAPS, CHARTS, ENGRAVINGS, &c. Karte der Insel Thera oder Santorin. 1848. Two Drawings of the Observatory at Rome. Copernico, crateri della Luna. (Photograph.) Engraved Portrait of the late Professor Edward Forbes, F.R.S. Engraved Portrait of Alexander von Humboldt. (Bears the Donor's Autograph.) Bronze and Silver Medal of Carl Friedrich Gauss, Foreign Member of the Royal Society. MARTINS (C.) Mémoire sur la Température des Oiseaux du Nord de l'Europe. 4to. Montpellier 1856. 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