Back Matter

INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS FOR THE YEAR 1857. A. Airy (George B., Esq.). Account of the Construction of the New National Standard of Length, and of its principal Copies, 621. Alcohols, on a new class of, 555 (see Hofmann). Allylic alcohol, 555 (see Hofmann). Amyle, obtained from Boghead coal, 456. B. Bakerian Lecture, 145 (see Faraday). Barlow (W. H., Esq.). On an Element of Strength in Beams subjected to Transverse Strain, named by the author "The Resistance of Flexure."—Second Paper, 463.—Resistance of flexure in wrought iron, 480; experimental determination of the neutral axis, 480. Appendix by P. Barlow: Application of the preceding principles to beams and girders of non-symmetrical section, 483. Boghead coal, on some of the products of the destructive distillation of, 447, 737 (see Williams). Boole (Professor G.). On the Comparison of Transcendents, with certain applications to the Theory of Definite Integrals, 745. Brachionus, observations on, relative to its diœcious character, 314. Brooke (H. J., Esq.). On the Geometrical Isomorphism of Crystals, 29. Bunsen (Professor R.) and Roscoe (Dr. H. E.). Photo-chemical Researches.—Part I. Measurement of the Chemical Action of Light, 355.—Strict equality of volume of the chlorine and hydrogen evolved by electrolysis of hydrochloric acid, 357; absence of combination of the mixed gases in the dark, 359; description of the instrument employed, 359; gradual development of the maximum of photo-chemical action, 363; cessation of photo-chemical action as soon as the light is cut off, 374; standard flame, 374. MDCCCLVII. INDEX. Bunsen (Professor R.) and Roscoe (Dr. H. E.). Part II. Phenomena of Photo-chemical Induction, 381.—Influence of the intensity of the light, and progress of the induction, 386; subsidence of the induced condition on cutting off the light, 387; influence of foreign gases, 389; induction not referable to an allotropic modification of either gas, 397; explanation of the phenomenon attributed by M. Becquerel to "continuing rays," 400. Part III. Optical and Chemical Extinction of the Chemical Rays, 601.—Consumption of rays in producing photo-chemical change, 616. Butyle, obtained from Boghead coal, 453. C. Cahours (M. A.) and Hofmann (Dr. A. W.). Researches on a New Class of Alcohols, 555 (see Hofmann). Researches on the Phosphorus-Bases, 575 (see Hofmann). Caproyle, obtained from Boghead coal, 457. Caproylene, obtained from Boghead coal, 742. Caustics, a memoir upon, 273 (see Cayley). Cayley (Arthur, Esq.). A Memoir upon Caustics, 273.—General formulæ, 273; secondary caustic, 275; rays proceeding from a point, caustic by refraction at a line, 277; investigation relative to successive reflexions at a circle, 279; caustic when the radiant point is at infinity or in the circumference, 280; rays from a point, caustic by reflexion at a circle, 287; by refraction at a circle, 297; a secondary caustic is the oval of Descartes, or Cartesian, 298; the same caustic produced by six systems of a radiant point and refracting circle, 299; case in which the Cartesian moves off to infinity, 310. On Curves of the Third Order, 415.—Definitions, &c., 415; group of theorems relating to the conjugate pole of a cubic, 416; analytical investigations, &c., 418; theorem relating to a curve of the third class, 428; geometrical definition of the Quippian, 428; theorem relating to a line which meets three given conics in six points in involution, 429; completion of the theory in Liouville, and comparison with analogous theorems of Hesse, 431; various investigations and theorems, 432; formulæ for the intersection of a cubic curve and a line, 435; formulæ for the satellite line and point, 436; theorems relating to the satellite point, 439; investigations and theorems relating to the first or conic polar of a point of the cubic, 442; recapitulation of geometrical definitions of the Pippian, 445. A Memoir on the Symmetric Functions of the Roots of an Equation, 489.—Tables, 494. Memoir on the Resultant of a System of two Equations, 703. On the Symmetric Functions of the Roots of certain Systems of two Equations, 717. A Memoir on the Conditions for the Existence of given Systems of Equalities among the Roots of an Equation, 727. Tables of the Sturmian Functions for Equations of the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Degrees, 733. Comparison of transcendentals, 745. Conductive powers of various substances, experimental researches on the, 805 (see Hopkins). Currey (Frederick, Esq.). On the Fructification of certain Sphæriaceous Fungi, 543. INDEX. Curves of the third order, 415 (see Cayley). Cysticercus cellulose, on the structure and development of the, 111. D. Daphnia, two methods of reproduction in, 79. Definite integrals, 745. Dirt-bands of glaciers, 342. Donkin (Professor W. F.). On the Equation of Laplace's Functions, 43.—Postscript, 57. E. Electro-physiological Researches, 129 (see Matteucci). Elephant, description of the foetal membranes and placenta of the, 347. Ephippium, structure of the, in Daphnia, 79. Equations, on the theory of, 489, 703, 717, 727, 733 (see Cayley). Ethyl, compounds of, with phosphorus, 578. Excrements, on the immediate principles of human, 403. Excretine, 408. F. Faraday (Dr. Michael). The Bakerian Lecture. Experimental Relations of Gold (and other Metals) to Light, 145.—Gold-leaf, effect of heat, pressure, &c., 146; deflagrations of gold, &c., 152; films of gold, &c., by phosphorus, &c., 155; diffused particles of gold, 159; metallic character of the divided gold, 171; relations of gold (and other metals) to polarized light, 176. Frankland (Dr. E.). Researches on Organo-metallic Bodies.—Third Memoir. On a New Series of Organic Acids containing Nitrogen, 59.—Action of zincethyl upon binoxide of nitrogen, 60; dimitroethylic acid, 63; analyses of its salts, 69; products of its decomposition, 72; similar action of zincmethyl, dinitromethylic acid and its salts, 76. Fungi, on the fructification of certain sphaeriacous, 543. G. Glaciers, on the structure and motion of, 327 (see Tyndall). Gold, experimental relations of, to light, 145 (see Faraday). Gosse (P. H., Esq.). On the Dioecious Character of the Rotifera, 313.—List of genera in which it has been made out, 322. H. Hobarton, discussion of magnetic variations at, with reference to the decennial inequality, 1. Hodgkinson (E., Esq.). Experimental Researches on the Strength of Cast Iron from various parts of the Kingdom, 851.—First summary of results, 861; relative strengths of solid pillars of Low Moor Irons, No. 3 and 2, 864; strength of pillars dependent on their lateral dimensions, 864; on their length, 865; strength of pillars, the iron of the section of which is not uniform, 866; second summary of results, 871; third summary, 874; Appendix, containing additional experiments on iron, No. 2, 893. HOFMANN (Dr. A. W.) and CAHOURS (M. A.). Researches on a New Class of Alcohols, 555.—Allylic alcohol, 556; allylic ether, 558; sulphide of allyl, 559; allylic mercaptan, 560; sulphallylic acid, 560; allylic ethers, &c., 561; allyl-urea, &c., 565; allyl-ammonias, 566; iodide of tetrallylarsonium, 571. Researches on the Phosphorus-Bases, 575.—Experiments in the ethyl series, triethylphosphine, &c., 578; action of heat upon oxide of tetrethylphosphonium, 585; experiments in the methyl series, trimethylphosphine, &c., 592; action of heat upon the hydrated oxide of tetramethylphosphonium, 595. HOPKINS (W., Esq.). Experimental Researches on the Conductive Powers of various Substances, with the application of the Results to the Problem of Terrestrial Temperature, 805.—General experimental results respecting the conductive power of various substances, and the circumstances by which it is affected, 805; summary of results, 820; comparison of theoretical deductions from the preceding experimental results, with observations on terrestrial temperature at various depths, 822; description of the apparatus, &c., 837; detail of the experiments, 842. HUXLEY (Professor T. H.) and TYNDALL (Professor J.). On the Structure and Motion of Glaciers, 327 (see TYNDALL). I. Isomorphism of crystals, on the geometrical, 29. K. KIRKMAN (Rev. Thomas P.). On Autopolar Polyedra, 183. On the K-partitions of the R-gon and R-ace, 217. L. Laplace's Functions, on the equation of, 43. LUBBOCK (John, Esq.). An account of the Two Methods of Reproduction in Daphnia, and of the Structure of the Ephippium, 79.—Parthenogenesis in the Articulata, 95. M. Magnetic inequality, decennial, 1 (see SABINE). Discussion of hourly observations of the magnetic declination made at Point Barrow, 497 (see SABINE). MAUGUIRE (Capt. R.). Hourly Observations of the Magnetic Declination, &c., 515 (see SABINE). MARCEP (Dr. W.). On the Immediate Principles of Human Excrements in the Healthy State, 403.—Excretine, 408. MATTEUCCI (Professor C.). Electro-Physiological Researches. Physical and Chemical Phenomena of Muscular Contraction. Tenth Series, Part I., 129.—Development of heat, 129; of electricity, 131; of work, 142. Methyl, compounds of, with phosphorus, 592. Muscular contraction, physical and chemical phenomena of, 129 (see MATTEUCCI). N. Neutral axis, experimental determination of the, in beams of wrought iron, 480. O. Œnanthylene, obtained from Boghead coal, 743. Organic acids, on a new series of, containing nitrogen, 59 (see Frankland). Organo-metallic bodies, researches on, 59 (see Frankland). Owen (Professor). On the Scelidotheres, 101. Description of the Fetal Membranes and Placenta of the Elephant (Elephas Indicus, Cuv.), with Remarks on the value of placental characters in the classification of the Mammalia, 347. P. Parthenogenesis in the Articulata, 95. Phosphorus-bases, researches on the, 575 (see Hofmann). Photo-chemical researches. Part I. 355; Part II. 381; Part III. 601 (see Bunsen). Pippian, 415 (see Cayley). Placentary characters, value of, in the classification of Mammalia, 347. Polyedra, on autopolar, 217. Q. Quippian, 415 (see Cayley). R. Rainey (George, Esq.). On the Structure and Development of the Cysticercus cellulose, as found in the Muscles of the Pig, 111. Rankine (W. J. M., Esq.). On the Stability of Loose Earth, 9. Regelation of ice, 329. Reproduction in Daphnia, two methods of, 79. Resistance of flexure, 463 (see Barlow). Resultant of a system of two equations, 703. Roscoe (Dr. H. E.) and Bunsen (Professor R.). Photo-chemical Researches, 601 (see Bunsen). Rotifera, on the dioecious character of the, 313. S. Sabine (Major-General Edward). On the Evidence of the existence of the Decennial Inequality in the Solar-diurnal Magnetic Variations, and its non-existence in the Lunar-diurnal Variation, of the Declination at Hobarton, 1. On Hourly Observations of the Magnetic Declination made by Captain Rochfort Maguire, R.N., and the Officers of H.M.S. 'Plover,' in 1852, 1853 and 1854, at Point Barrow, on the shores of the Polar Sea, 497.—Register of the hourly observations, 515. Scelidotheres, on the, 101. Silica, formula of, 533. INDEX. *Sphaeria*, fructification of various species of, 543. *Stability of loose earth*, 9. *Standard of length*, account of the construction of the new national, and of its principal copies, 621. *Strength of pillars of cast iron*, experimental researches on the, 851 (see Hodgkinson). *Symmetrical functions of the roots of an equation*, 489; of certain systems of the roots of two equations, 717. T. *Terrestrial temperature*, 805 (see Hopkins). *Tetrallylarsonium*, 5/1. Tyndall (Professor John) and Huxley (Professor T. H.). On the Structure and Motion of Glaciers, 327.—On the viscous theory of glaciers, 327; on the regelation of ice, and its relation to glacial phenomena, 329; on the veined structure of glacier ice, 333; on the relation of slaty cleavage to the veined structure, 336; on the "dirt-bands" of glaciers, 342. V. *Vapour-densities*, process for determining, 460. *Veined structure of glacier ice*, 333. *Viscous theory of glaciers*, 327. W. Williams (C. G., Esq.). On some of the Products of the Destructive Distillation of Boghead Coal. Part I., 447.—On the hydrocarbons unacted on by sulphuric and nitric acids, 451; butyle, 453; amyle, 456; caproyle, 457; process for determining vapour-densities, 460. Part II., 737.—Caproylene, 742; œnanthylene, 743. Y. Yorke (Colonel P.). Researches on Silica, 533. LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR AND WILLIAM FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PRESENTS RECEIVED BY THE ROYAL SOCIETY, WITH THE NAMES OF THE DONORS. From November 1856 to June 1857. PRESENTS. DONORS. ACADEMIES and SOCIETIES. Albany:—Transactions of the Albany Institute. Vol. III. 8vo. Albany 1855. The Institute. Vol. IV. Part 1. 1855. Amsterdam:— Verslagen en Mededelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. The Academy. 1ste Deel. Stuk. 1, 2, 3. 2de Deel. 1ste Stuk. 4de Deel. Stuk. 1, 2, 3. 5de Deel. 1ste Stuk. 8vo. Amsterdam 1855–1856. Lycidas Ecologia et Musae Invocatio, Carmina, &c. &c. 8vo. 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Sur la Probabilité des Erreurs d'après la Méthode des Moindres carrés. 4to. BIOT (J. B.) et LEFORT (F.) Commercium Epistolicum....réimprimée sur l'Édition originale de 1712, avec l'Indication des Variantes de l'Édition de 1722, complétée par une Collection de Pièces justificatives et de Documents. 4to. Paris 1856. BÖHM (J. G.) und KARLINSKI (F.) Magnetische und Meteorologische Beobachtungen zu Prag. 13er, 14er und 16er Jahrgang. 4to. Prag 1856-1857. BONAPARTE (Le Prince Charles Lucien) Tableaux paralléliques des Oiseaux Præcoces ou Autophages, &c. 4to. Paris 1856. Ornithologie fossile, servant d'Introduction au Tableau comparatif des Ineptes et des Autruches. 4to. Paris 1856. Note sur les Oiseaux des Îles Marquises, &c. BRACHET (A.) Simples Préliminaires sur le Commentaire de la Notice du meilleur Microscope dioptrique composé achromatique du Professeur Amici. 8vo. Paris 1856. BRUHNS (C. C.) De Planetis Minoribus inter Martem et Jovem circa Solem versantibus. 8vo. Berolini 1856. 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DAUBENY (C., F.R.S.) Address to the British Association. Svo. 1856. DE LA RIVE (A., For. Mem. R.S.) Des Expériences de M. P. Volpicelli sur la Polarité Electrostatique. 4to. DE LA RUE (W., F.R.S.) Drawing of Jupiter as seen October 25th, 1856; of Saturn as seen March 27th and 29th, 1856. D'ORBIGNY (A.) Paléontologie Française. Terrains oolitiques ou jurassiques. Tome I., avec Atlas, Tome I. Svo. Paris 1842–1849. Terrains crétacés. Tomes I.–V. 1840–1851, avec Atlas, Tomes I.–V. Svo. Paris 1840–1852. DUFRENOY (A.) Traité de Minéralogie. Deuxième édition. Tomes I. II. III. & V. Svo. Paris 1856. DUNKER (W.) Monographie der Norddeutschen Wealdenbildung, &c. 4to. Braunschweig 1846. EHRENBERG (C. G., For. Mem. R. S.) Mikrogeologie. Das Erden und Felsen schaffende Wirken des unsichtbar kleinen selbständigen Lebens auf der Erde. Fortsetzung, Bogen I.–XXII. fol. Leipzig 1856. ENCKE (J. F., For. Mem. R.S.) Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch für 1859. Svo. Berlin 1856. Astronomische Beobachtungen auf der Königlichen Sternwarte zu Berlin. 4te Band. fol. Berlin 1857. FERGUSSON (Lieut. E. F.F.) Magnetical and Meteorological Observations made at the Hon. East India Company's Observatory, Bombay, in the Year 1854. 4to. Bombay 1856. The same, in the Year 1855. 4to. Bombay 1856. FERRARI (S.) Calcul Décidouzinal. Traduction sur l'original Italien. 4to. Turin 1857. FOOT (L. E.) Memoir of the late Isaac Weld, J.P. M.R.I.A., one of the Vice-Presidents of the Royal Dublin Society. Svo. Dublin 1856. FORBES (J. D., F.R.S.) Dissertation Sixth: exhibiting a General View of the Progress of Mathematical and Physical Science, principally from 1775 to 1850. 4to. FRERICHS (F. T.) und STADELER (G.) Physiologisch-chemische Untersuchungen. Svo. Zurich 1855. GASPARRINI (G.) Alcune Osservazioni sopra taluni Rimedi Proposti contro alla Malattia della Vite. 4to. 1856. DONORS. The Right Hon. the Secretary of State for War. The Author. Her Majesty's Government. P. W. 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The Practical Mechanic's Journal. Illustrated Index. Vols. I. to VIII. 4to. London 1856. KEILHAU (B. M.) Gæa Norvegica. Von mehreren Verfassern. Lief. 1, 2, 3. fol. Christiania 1844-1850. KOCH (C. L.) und DUNKER (W.) Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Norddeutschen Oolithgebildes und dessen Versteinerungen. 4to. Braunschweig 1837. KÖLLIKER (A.) Physiologische Untersuchungen über die Wirkung einiger Gifte. Svo. Berlin 1856. KREIL (K.) Jahrbücher der K. K. Central-Anstalt für Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus. 4er Bd. Jahrgang 1852. 4to. Wien 1856. KUPFFER (A. T., For. Mem. R.S.) Annales de l'Observatoire Physique central de Russie. Années 1851, 1852, 1853. Six vols. 4to. St. Pétersbourg 1853-1855. Compte Rendu Annuel . . . sur l'Observatoire Physique central, pour l'année 1855. 4to. St. Pétersbourg 1856. LAMONT (J., For. Mem. R.S.) Magnetische Ortsbestimmungen ausgeführt an verschiedenen Punkten des Königreichs Bayern. 2er Theil. Svo. München 1856. DONORS. The Royal Saxon Academy of Sciences. The Author. The Observatory at Vienna. The Observatory at Altona. Mons. l'Abbé Moigno. The Editors. Unknown. The Editor. The Publishers. Messrs. Taylor and Francis. The Publisher. Dr. Alexander. Henry Sharpe, Esq. The Author. The Academy of Sciences, Vienna. The Observatory. The Observatory, Munich. LANKESTER (E.) Report on the Cholera Outbreak in the Parish of St. James, Westminster, during the Autumn of 1854. Svo. London 1855. LEA (I.) Description of a New Mollusk from the Red Sandstone, near Pottsville, Pa. Svo. Philadelphia 1855. LINDSAY (W. L.) Histology of the Cholera Evacuations in Man and the Lower Animals. Svo. Edinburgh 1856. Monograph of the Genus Abrothallus, &c. Svo. 1856. LITTROW (C. von.) Annalen der K. K. Sternwarte in Wien. Dritter Folge, 5er u. 6er Band. Jahrgang 1855–56. Svo. Wien 1856, 1857. LLOYD (Rev. H.) Elementary Treatise on the Wave-Theory of Light. Second Edition, with Additions. Svo. London 1857. LORENZO (C.) 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Edinburgh 1857. MOLESCHOTT (J.) Untersuchungen zur Naturlehre des Menschen und der Thiere. Bd. I. Heft 1–3. 8vo. Frankfurt a. M. 1856. MOORE (Thos.) The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland. Nature-printed by H. Bradbury. Parts 16 & 17. fol. London 1856. MÜLLER (Max.) Rig-Veda-Sanhita; the Sacred Hymns of the Brahmans, &c. Vol. III. 4to. London 1856. NAPOLEON (S. A. I. le Prince.) Expériences sur la Direction des Courants de l'Océan Atlantique septentrional. 4to. Paris 1856. NERVANDER (J. J.) Observations faites à l'Observatoire Magnétique et Météorologique de Helsingfors. Vols. I. à IV. Première section, Obs. Mag. Vols. I. à IV. Deuxième section, Obs. Met. 4to. Helsingfors 1850. PERIGAL (H.) The Moon Controversy. Facts v. Definitions. 8vo. London 1856. PLARR (G.) Essai d'une Théorie de la Figure de la Terre basée sur le Calcul de l'Attraction des Sphéroïdes hétérogènes. 4to. Strasbourg 1850. Sur le Calcul de la Chaleur solaire reçue en un point quelconque de la Surface de la Terre, dans l'hypothèse d'une Absorption de la Chaleur par l'Atmosphère. 4to. Paris 1856. PLATEAU (J.) Sur les Théories récentes de la Constitution des Veines liquides lancées par des Orifices circulaires. 8vo. Bruxelles. Recherches expérimentales et théoriques sur les Figures d'Équilibre d'une Masse liquide sans Pesanteur. 3me Série. 4to. Bruxelles 1856. POEY (Andrés.) A Chronological Table of Cyclonic Hurricanes, &c. 8vo. London 1856. PROUHET (E.) Notice sur la Vie et les Travaux de M. Ch. Sturm. 8vo. Paris 1856. PYCROFT (J. W.) Arena Cornubiae: or the Claims of the Commissioners of Woods and Forests to the Sea-coast and Banks of Tidal Rivers in Cornwall and Devon, examined and considered. Third Edition. 4to. London 1856. QUAIN (J., F.R.S.) Elements of Anatomy. Edited by W. Sharpey, M.D., F.R.S., and G. V. Ellis, Esq. 3 vols. 8vo. London 1856. DONORS. The Author. The Author. Henry Sharpe, Esq. The Author. The Author. The Editor. Messrs. Bradbury and Evans. The Directors of the Hon. East India Company. The Academy of Sciences. The Observatory. The Author. The Author. Mademoiselle Sturm and the Author. The Author. The Editors. PRESENTS. QUETELET (A., For. Mem. R.S.) Annales de l'Observatoire Royal de Bruxelles. Tome XI. 4to. Bruxelles 1857. Annuaire ... 23me et 24me années. 12mo. Bruxelles 1855-56. Rapport ... sur l'État et les Travaux de l'Observatoire Royal, 1856. 8vo. Sur le Climat de la Belgique. De l'État du Ciel en général. 4to. Bruxelles 1857. Observations des Phénomènes périodiques, 1854-1855. 4to. RADLINSKY (G.) Allessandro Magno Influenza delle sue Conquiste sull' Asia e sull' Europa. 8vo. Mantova 1857. L'America prima di Cristoforo Colombo. 8vo. Mantova 1857. Il Fedone. 8vo. Mantova 1857. RADLKOFER (L.) Der Befruchtungsprocess im Pflanzenreiche und sein Verhältniss zu dem im Thierreiche. 8vo. Leipzig 1857. RATHKE (H., For. Mem. R.S.) 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