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INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS FOR THE YEAR 1851. A. Airy (G. B., Esq., Astronomer Royal). On the Relation of the Direction of the Wind to the Age of the Moon, as inferred from observations at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, from 1840 November to 1847 December, 411. Alizarine, one of the products of rubian, 447. The true colouring matter of madder, 459. Ammonia, on the oxidation of, in the human body, and on nitrification, 399. Experiments with carbonate of ammonia, 401; with liquor ammoniae, 403; with tartrate of ammonia, 404; with muriate of ammonia, 405; with urea, 406. Amphibia, on the impregnation of the ovum in, 169. Amylamine, 384; action of bromide—385, and of iodide of amyl upon, 387. Animal Chemistry, contributions to, 399. Annual variation of the magnetic declination at various periods of the day, 635. Appendicularia and Doliolum, anatomy of, 595. Archipelago, Eastern, Magnetic Survey of, 287. Atmospheric magnetism, 43–85. B. Bakerian Lecture, the, 1. Beechey (Capt. F. W., R.N.). Report of further Observations upon the Tidal Streams of the North Sea and English Channel, with Remarks upon the Laws by which those Streams appear to be governed, 703. Bodies, gaseous, non-expansion of, by magnetic force, 7. Bodies, magnetic condition of, 7. Bronwin (Rev. Brice). On the Solution of Linear Differential Equations, 461. MDCCCLII. C. Channel tidal streams, 703; extent of, 705. Clarke (J. Lockhart, Esq.). Researches into the Structure of the Spinal Chord, 607. Columns (white) of the spinal chord, 615. Conduction, magnecrystallic, 39. Conduction, magnetic, 29. Conduction-polarity, 34. Cooled Air, effect of, in atmospheric magnetism, 49. Cylinder, on the rolling motion of, 549. D. Dew-point, on the relation of the temperature of, to the air and evaporation temperatures, 141. Diaymylamine, action of bromide of amyl upon, 386. Diethylamylamine, action of iodide of methyl upon, 376. Diethylaniline, action of iodide of ethyl upon, 378. Diffusion of Liquids, observations on, third memoir, 483. Comparison of salts of potash and soda, ibid. Doliolum, remarks on the anatomy of, 595. Dover tidal streams, peculiarities of, 705. E. Earth, on the figure and primitive formation of the, 495. Relations between the interior structure and the phenomena observed at its surface, 511. The pressures of the shell and nucleus at their surface of contact, ibid. The variation of gravity at the earth's surface, 515. The laws of density of the shell and nucleus, 522. The forms of the strata of the shell, 525. The principal moments of inertia of the earth, 529. On the existence of a solid internal nucleus, 532. The direction of fissures in the shell which might be produced by the pressures before considered, 533. On a zone of least disturbance, 535. Calculation of constants, 541. Geological deductions, 543. Electricity, Experimental Researches in.—Twenty-fourth series, 1. § 30. On the possible relations of gravity to electricity, 1.—Twenty-fifth series, 7. § 31. On the magnetic and diamagnetic condition of bodies, ibid. ¶ i. Non-expansion of gaseous bodies by magnetic force, ibid. ¶ ii. Differential magnetic action, 17. ¶ iii. Magnetic characters of oxygen, nitrogen and space, 20; of oxygen, ibid.; of nitrogen, 24; of space, 25.—Twenty-sixth series, 29. § 32. Magnetic conducting power, ibid. ¶ i. Magnetic conduction, ibid. ¶ ii. Conduction-polarity, 34. ¶ iii. Magnecrystallic conduction, 39. ¶ iv. Atmospheric magnetism, 43.—Twenty-seventh series, 85. § 33. Atmospheric magnetism continued, ibid. Elliot (Capt. C. M.). Magnetic Survey of the Eastern Archipelago, 287. English Channel and German Ocean, on the tidal streams of, 703. Ethyl, action of bromide and iodide of, upon triethylamine, 358. Ethylamylaniline, action of iodide of methyl upon, 379. Exogenous processes of vertebrae, 719. INDEX. F. Faraday (Prof. M.). The Bakerian Lecture. Experimental Researches in Electricity. Twenty-fourth Series, 1. Twenty-fifth Series, 7. Twenty-sixth Series, 29. Twenty-seventh Series, 85. Fishes, structure and development of the scales and bones of, 643. G. Graham (Prof. Thomas). Additional Observations on the Diffusion of Liquids. Third Memoir, 483. Gravity, relation of, to electricity, 1. Grey substance of the spinal chord, 608. H. Hennessy (H.). The Figure and Primitive Formation of the Earth, or Researches in Terrestrial Physics. Part I., 495. Part II., 511. Hobarton and Toronto, magnetic disturbances at, 123. Hofmann (Prof. A. W.). Researches into the Molecular Constitution of Organic Bases. Second Memoir, 257. Holland, cause of the retardation of tidal streams, near the coast of, 707. Huxley (Thomas Henry). Observations upon the Anatomy and Physiology of Salpa and Pyrosoma, 567. Remarks upon Appendicularia and Doliolum, two genera of the Tunicata, 595. Hydrogen, magnetic characters of, 24. I. Impregnation of the ovum in the Amphibia, on the, 169. Indian Archipelago, magnetic survey of, 287. J. Jones (H. Bence, M.D.). Contributions to Animal Chemistry. Paper V. On the Oxidation of Ammonia in the Human Body, with some Remarks on Nitrification, 399. L. Lake District of Cumberland and Westmoreland, on the meteorology of, 149. Linear Differential Equations, on the solution of, 461. Liquids, on the diffusion of, 483. M. Madder, on the colouring and other properties of, 433. Magnetic action, differential, 17. Magnetic characters of oxygen, hydrogen and space, 20. Magnetic declination, inclination and intensity, mean diurnal variation of, at the Cape of Good Hope, 117, 118. At St. Helena, 119, 120. At Singapore, 121, 122. Magnetic declination, annual variation of, at different periods of the day, 635. Magnetic disturbances, periodical laws discoverable in the mean effects of, 123. Magnetic force, general distribution of, 53. Magnetic Survey of the Eastern Archipelago, 287. Magnetic variation, diurnal, 56. Annual, 73. Local, 98 et seq. Magnetism, atmospheric, 43–85. Magnetism, on a mathematical theory of, 243–269. Part I. On magnets and the mutual force between magnets, 244. On the laws of magnetic force and the distribution of magnetism in magnetized matter, 248. On the imaginary magnetic matter, by means of which the polarity of a magnetized body may be represented, 250. Determination of the mutual actions between any given portions of magnetized matter, 257. On the solenoidal and lamellar distributions of magnetism, 269. Mathematical theory of magnetism. Part I., 243, 269. Megatherium, osteology of, 719. Membrana tympani, on the structure of, 159–167. Methyl, action of ammonia upon iodide of, 381. Methyldiethyldiammonium, action of heat upon oxide of, 377. Miller (J. F., Esq., F.R.S.). On the relation of the Air and Evaporation Temperatures to the Temperature of the Dew-point, as determined by Mr. Glaisher's Hygrometrical Tables, founded on the Factors deduced from the six-hourly observations made at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, 141. On the Meteorology of the Lake District, with a continuation of the results of Experiments on the Fall of Rain at various heights, up to 3166 feet above the sea-level, 149. On the Meteorology of the Lake District of Cumberland and Westmoreland, including the results of Experiments on the Fall of Rain at various heights, up to 3166 feet above the sea-level. Fourth paper for 1850, 623. Molecular constitution of organic bases, 257. Moon, age of, with relation to the direction of the wind, 411. Moseley (The Rev. H., F.R.S.). On the Rolling Motion of a Cylinder, 549. N. Nerve-vesicles of the spinal chord, 614. Nerves, spinal, origin of, 616. Nerve-tubes of the spinal chord, 618. Newport (George, F.R.S.). On the Impregnation of the Ovum in the Amphibia. First Series, 169. Nitric acid in rain-water, 409. Nitric acid, on the action of, on various vegetables, 413. Populus balsamifera, ibid. Nitropopulic acid, 414. Nitropopulate of potash, 417; of silver, 418; of soda, ibid.; of baryta, 419; of lead, ibid. Populus nigra, ibid. Acids resembling nitropopulic, 421. Salix Russelliana, ibid. Spartium scoparium, 422. Scoparine, ibid. Sparteine, 425. Nitropicrate of, 426. Chloride of platinum and sparteine, 427. Double chloride of mercury and spar- teine, 428. Bichloride of platinum and sparteine, 429. Double mercurial chloride of sparteine, *ibid.* Properties of sparteine and of scoparine, 430. *Nitrogen*, magnetic condition of, 45. *Nitropopulic acid*, 414. **O.** Oceanic and Channel streams, mixed tides, 704. *Organic bases*, on the molecular constitution of, 257. *Ovum*, on the impregnation of, in the Amphibia, 169. Changes of, within the body, 172. Changes after spawning and impregnation, 183. Susceptibility of the ovum, 191. On the agency of spermatozoa in impregnation, 203. Nature of that agency, 212. How affected by chemical media 224—and by mechanical media, 234. *Owen (Professor)*. On the Megatherium (*Megatherium Americanum*, Blumenbach), 719. Part I. Preliminary observations on the Exogenous Processes of Vertebrae, 719. *Oxygen*, magnetic characters of, 20. Magnetic condition of, 47. **P.** *Parallax*, observations on stars favourably situated for the investigation of, 333. *Potash and soda*, comparative observations on the diffusion of solutions of their salts, 483. *Processes*, exogenous, of vertebrae, 719. *Pyrosoma*, on the anatomy of, 580. **R.** *Rain*, on the fall of, in the Lake District, 149. *Rain*, on the fall of, at various heights in the Lake District of Cumberland and Westmoreland, 623. Rubian and its products of decomposition, 433. Properties of, 440. Composition of, 442. Action of sulphuric and muriatic acid on, 444. Alizarine, 447. Verantine, 449. Rubiretine, 453. Rubianine, 454. Sugar, 456. Rubianine, one of the products of decomposition of rubian, 454. Rubiretine, one of the products of decomposition of rubian, 453. **S.** *Sabine (Lieut.-Col. R.A.)*. On Periodical laws discoverable in the mean effects of the larger Magnetic Disturbances, 123. On the Annual Variation of the Magnetic Declination, at different periods of the day, 635. *Salpa and Pyrosoma*, on the anatomy and physiology of, 567. The structure of Salpa, 568. The anatomy of Pyrosoma, 580. The homology of structure of Salpa and Pyrosoma, and of these with the ordinary Ascidians, 585. History of the knowledge of Salpæ, 589. *Scales and Bones of Fishes*, on the structure and development of, 643. Schunck (Edward, F.R.S.). On Rubian, and its Products of Decomposition, 433. Scoparine, 422. Properties of, 430. Sparteine, and its compounds, 425 et seq. Properties of, 430. Spermatozoa, on the agency of, in impregnation, 203. Spinal Chord, researches into the structure of, 607. Of the grey substance of, 608. Nature and arrangement of its fibres, 609. Changes in its form, 611. Nerve-vesicles of the chord, 614. Its white columns, 615. Origin of the spinal nerves, 616. Nerve-tubes of the chord, 618. Stars favourably situated for the investigation of Parallax, results of observations on, 333. Stenhouse (John Ph.D., F.R.S.). On the Action of Nitric Acid on various Vegetables, with a particular examination of Spartium scoparium, or Common Broom, 413. Storms, magnetic, 77. Sugar, as a product of rubian, 456. Survey, magnetic, of the Eastern Archipelago, 287. T. Terrestrial Physics, Researches in. Part I., 495. Part II., 511. Thomson (William, M.A., F.R.S.E.). On a Mathematical Theory of Magnetism. Part I., 243-269. Tidal streams of the English Channel and German Ocean, Report upon, 703. Method of making the observations, ibid. Oceanic and Channel streams—mixed tides, 704. Extent of the Channel streams—meeting of the streams, 705. Motion of their limiting lines—peculiarity of the Dover stream, ibid. Steadiness of the stream in the Channel—on a nearly simultaneous motion of the stream, 706. Retardation of turn of the stream near the coast of Holland—its cause, 707. Time of slack water in the Channel compared with time of high water, Dover, 708. Rotary motion of the water in the mixed tides—erroneous opinions respecting it, 709. The time of tide at which the stream attains its maximum speed, 710. Direction in which the stream turns, 712. Tide and half-tide, ibid. Formation of a combined wave in the Strait of Dover, 713. Influence of the combined wave over the stream of the Channel—tidal streams of the Irish Sea similarly influenced, 714. Explanation of the mechanical action of the water by which the streams of the Channel are produced, 715. Results of inquiry, 716. Tide and half-tide, 712. Toronto and Hobarton, magnetic disturbances at, 123. Toynbee (Joseph, F.R.S.). On the Structure of the Membrana Tympani of the Human Ear, 159. Appendix, 167. Triethylamine, action of bromide and iodide of ethyl upon, 358. Action of iodide of methyl upon, 372. Action of iodide of amyl upon, 373. Triethylammonium, oxide of, 362. Reaction of, with metallic oxides, 363. Double salts of, 367. Tunicata, anatomy and physiology of genera of, 595. V. Vegetables, on the action of nitric acid upon, 413. Verantine, one of the products of decomposition of rubian, 449. Vertebræ, on the exogenous processes of, 719. W. Williamson (W. C.). Investigation into the Structure and Development of the Scales and Bones of Fishes, 643. Wind, on the direction of, with relation to the age of the moon, 411. Wrottesley (Lord, F.R.S.). 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The Architect, Nos. 63, 65, 67, 69, 70 to 74, 76, 78 to 83. The Architectural Quarterly Review. Vol. I. No. 1. The Light Houses, Beacons, and Floating Lights of the United States, West DONORS. The Minister of Agriculture and Commerce of France. W. Spence, Esq. The Editor. Le Bureau des Longitudes. The Minister of Agriculture and Commerce of France. Donor unknown. H. M. the King of the Netherlands. The Earl of Derby. The Trustees of the British Museum. The Author. Le Dépôt de la Marine. The Editor. The Editors. The Author. The College. The Author. The University. The Board of Ordnance. The Directors of the East India Company. The Royal College of Physicians. The Registrar General. Le Dépôt de la Marine. The Admiralty. Prince Demidoff. The Registrar General. The Athenæum. The Admiralty. The Secretary of State. The Editor. The Editor. The Admiralty. PRESENTS. ANONYMOUS (continued). and South Coasts of Africa; Belgian, Netherlands, Hanoverian, Danish, Prussian, Russian, Swedish and Norwegian Lights. The Light Houses of South Africa, East Indies, Australia and Tasmania, all corrected to January 1850. 8vo. London. The Seaman's Guide round Java. 8vo. 1850. Tide Tables for the English and Irish Ports for the year 1851. Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch, herausgegeben von dem Königlichen Staatsarchiv in Stuttgart. Erster Band. 4to. Stuttgart 1849. ARAGO (F. J. D.) Biographie de Lazare-Nicolas-Marguerite Carnot. 4to. Paris 1850. ATKINS (Mrs.) Photographs of British Algae. Vol. I. BABBAGE (C.) The Exposition of 1851; or views of the Industry, the Sci- ence, and the Government of England. 8vo. London 1851. BACHE (A. D.) Reports, showing the progress of the Coast Survey, 1848, 1849 and 1850. 8vo. Report on an Application of the Galvanic Circuit to an Astro- nomical Clock and Telegraph Register. 8vo. Washington 1849. BEARDMORE (N.) 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