Front Matter

The Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the publication of the Philosophical Transactions, take this opportunity to acquaint the Public, that it fully appears, as well from the Council-books and Journals of the Society, as from repeated declarations which have been made in several former Transactions, that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries till the Forty-seventh Volume; the Society, as a Body, never interesting themselves any further in their publication, than by occasionally recommending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when, from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions had happened for any length of time to be intermitted. And this seems principally to have been done with a view to satisfy the Public, that their usual meetings were then continued, for the improvement of knowledge, and benefit of mankind, the great ends of their first institution by the Royal Charters, and which they have ever since steadily pursued. But the Society being of late years greatly enlarged, and their communications more numerous, it was thought advisable that a Committee of their members should be appointed, to reconsider the papers read before them, and select out of them such as they should judge most proper for publication in the future Transactions; which was accordingly done upon the 26th of March 1752. And the grounds of their choice are, and will continue to be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, or the advantageous manner of treating them; without pretending to answer for the certainty of the facts, or propriety of the reasonings, contained in the several papers so published, which must still rest on the credit or judgement of their respective authors. It is likewise necessary on this occasion to remark, that it is an established rule of the Society, to which they will always adhere, never to give their opinion, as a Body, upon any subject, either of Nature or Art, that comes before them. And therefore the thanks, which are frequently proposed from the Chair, to be given to the authors of such papers as are read at their accustomed meetings, or to the persons through whose hands they received them, are to be considered in no other light than as a matter of civility, in return for the respect shown to the Society by those communi- cations. The like also is to be said with regard to the several projects, inventions, and curiosities of various kinds, which are often exhibited to the Society; the authors whereof, or those who exhibit them, frequently take the liberty to report and even to certify in the public newspapers, that they have met with the highest applause and approbation. And therefore it is hoped that no regard will hereafter be paid to such reports and public notices; which in some instances have been too lightly credited, to the dishonour of the Society. The Meteorological Journal hitherto kept by the Assistant Secretary at the Apart- ments of the Royal Society, by order of the President and Council, and published in the Philosophical Transactions, has been discontinued. The Government, on the recommendation of the President and Council, has established at the Royal Obser- vatory at Greenwich, under the superintendence of the Astronomer Royal, a Magnet- ical and Meteorological Observatory, where observations are made on an extended scale, which are regularly published. These, which correspond with the grand scheme of observations now carrying out in different parts of the globe, supersede the necessity of a continuance of the observations made at the Apartments of the Royal Society, which could not be rendered so perfect as was desirable, on account of the imperfections of the locality and the multiplied duties of the observer. A List of Public Institutions and Individuals, entitled to receive a copy of the Philosophical Transactions of each year, on making application for the same directly or through their respective agents, within five years of the date of publication. In the British Dominions. The Queen's Library. The Admiralty Library. The Radcliffe Library, Oxford. The Royal Geographical Society. The United Service Museum. The Royal College of Physicians. The Society of Antiquaries. The Linnean Society. The Royal Institution of Great Britain. The Society for the Encouragement of Arts. The Geological Society. The Horticultural Society. The Royal Astronomical Society. The Royal Asiatic Society. The Royal Society of Literature. The Medical and Chirurgical Society. The London Institution. The Entomological Society of London. The Zoological Society of London. The Institute of British Architects. The Institution of Civil Engineers. The Cambridge University Philosophical Society. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. The Royal Irish Academy. The Royal Dublin Society. The Asiatic Society at Calcutta. The Royal Artillery Library at Woolwich. The Royal Observatory at Greenwich. The Observatory at Dublin. The Observatory at Armagh. The Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. The Observatory at Madras. The Observatory at Paramatta. The Observatory at Edinburgh. Denmark. The Royal Society of Sciences at Copenhagen. The Royal Observatory at Altona. France. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Toulouse. The Ecole des Mines at Paris. The Geographical Society at Paris. The Entomological Society of France. The Dépôt de la Marine, Paris. The Geological Society of France. The Jardin des Plantes, Paris. Germany. The University at Göttingen. The Cæsarean Academy of Naturalists at Bonn. The Observatory at Manheim. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Munich. Italy. The Institute of Sciences, Letters and Arts, at Milan. The Italian Society of Sciences at Modena. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Turin. Switzerland. The Société de Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. at Geneva. Belgium. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Brussels. Netherlands. The Royal Institute of Amsterdam. The Batavian Society of Experimental Philosophy at Rotterdam. Spain. The Royal Observatory at Cadiz. Portugal. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Lisbon. Prussia. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin. Russia. The Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg. The Imperial Observatory at Pulkowa. Sweden and Norway. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm. The Royal Society of Sciences at Drontheim. United States. The American Philosophical Society at Philadelphia. The American Academy of Sciences at Boston. The Library of Harvard College. The Observatory at Washington. The fifty Foreign Members of the Royal Society. A List of Public Institutions and Individuals, entitled to receive a copy of the Astronomical Observations made at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, on making application for the same directly or through their respective agents, within two years of the date of publication. In the British Dominions. The Queen's Library. The Board of Ordnance. The Royal Society. The Savilian Library, Oxford. The Library of Trinity College, Cambridge. The University of Aberdeen. The University of St. Andrews. The University of Dublin. The University of Edinburgh. The University of Glasgow. The Observatory at Oxford. The Observatory at Cambridge. The Observatory at Dublin. The Observatory at Armagh. The Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. The Observatory at Paramatta. The Observatory at Madras. The Royal Institution of Great Britain. The Royal Society, Edinburgh. The Observatory, Trevandrum, East Indies. The Astronomical Institution, Edinburgh. The President of the Royal Society. The Lowndes's Professor of Astronomy, Cambridge. The Plumian Professor of Astronomy, Cambridge. L. Holland, Esq., Lombard Street. Sir John William Lubbock, Bart., V.P. Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N. of Cardiff. Sir James South, Observatory, Kensington. In Foreign Countries. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris. The Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm. The Royal Society of Sciences at Upsal. The Board of Longitude of France. The University of Göttingen. The University of Leyden. The Academy of Bologna. The American Academy of Sciences at Boston. The American Philosophical Society at Philadelphia. The Observatory at Altona. The Observatory at Berlin. The Observatory at Breslau. The Observatory at Brussels. The Observatory at Cadiz. The Observatory at Coimbra. The Observatory at Copenhagen. The Observatory at Dorpat. The Observatory at Helsingfors. The Observatory at Königsberg. The Observatory at Manheim. The Observatory at Marseilles. The Observatory at Milan. The Observatory at Munich. The Observatory at Palermo. The Observatory at Paris. The Observatory at Seeberg. The Observatory at Vienna. The Observatory at Tubingen. The Observatory at Turin. The Observatory at Wilna. Professor Bessel, of Königsberg. The Dépôt de la Marine, Paris. The Bowden College, United States. The Library of Harvard College, The Waterville College, United States. List of Observatories, Institutions and Individuals, entitled to receive a Copy of the Magnetical and Meteorological Observations made at the Royal Observatory, Green- wich. | Observatories | Individuals | |-------------------------------|--------------------------------------| | Algiers | M. Aimé | | Altona | M. Schumacher | | Armagh | Dr. Robinson | | Berlin | M. Encke | | Bogoslowsk | G. Buist | | Bombay | | | Bornnaoul | M. Prang, 1st. | | Breda | Prof. Wenchebach | | Breslau | Prof. Boguslowski | | Brussels | M. Quetelet | | Cadiz | M. Cerquero | | Cairo | M. Lambert | | Cambridge | Prof. Challis | | Cambridge, United States | Prof. Lovering | | Cape of Good Hope | T. Maclear, Esq. | | Catherineburgh | M. Rochkoff | | Cherkow | | | Christiania | M. Hansteen | | Cincinnati | Dr. Locke | | Copenhagen | M. Oersted | | Coimbra | | | Dorpat | M. Mädler | | Dublin | Sir W. R. Hamilton | | Gotha | | | Hammerfest | | | Hanover | | | Heidelberg | M. Tiedemann | | Helsingfors | M. Nervander | | Hobarton | Lieut. Kay, R.N. | | Hudson College | United States | | Kasan | M. Simonoff | | Kew | Observatory | | Kiew | | | Königsberg | M. Bessel | | Kremsmünster | Prof. Koller | | Leipsic | M. Weber | | Lougan | | | Madras | Lieut. Ludlow | | Manheim | | | Marburg | Prof. Gerling | | Marseilles | | | Milan | M. Carlini | | Moscow | | | Munich | Dr. Lamont | | Nertchinsk | M. Prang, 2nd. | | Nikolaieff | Dr. Knorr | | Oxford | M. J. Johnson, Esq. | | Palermo | | | Paramatta | | | Paris | M. Arago | | Pekin | M. Gachkévitch | | Philadelphia | Dr. Bache | | Prague | M. Kreil | | Pulkowa | M. Struve | | St. Helena | Lieut. Smythe, R.A. | | St. Petersburgh | M. Kupffer | | Seeberg | M. Hansen | | Simla | Capt. J. T. Boileau | | Singapore | Lieut. C. M. Elliot | | Sitka | Messrs. Homann and Ivanoff | | Stockholm | Prof. Selander | | Teffis | M. Philadelphine | | Toronto | Lieut. Lefroy, R.A. | | Trevandrum | J. Caldecott, Esq. | | Tubingen | | | Upsal | Prof. Svanberg | | Vienna | M. Littrow | | Warsaw | | | Wilna | | | Zlatoouste | | Institutions. | Institution | Location | |------------------------------|---------------------------------------| | Aberdeen | University | | Berlin | Academy of Sciences | | Board of Ordnance | London | | Bologna | Academy | | Boston | Academy of Sciences | | Bowden College | United States | | Convent of St. Bernard | Switzerland | | Dublin | University | | Edinburgh | Astronomical Institution | | Edinburgh | Royal Society | | Edinburgh | University | | Glasgow | University | | Göttingen | University | | Harvard College | United States | | House of Lords, Library | London | | House of Commons, Library | „ „ | King's College, Library . . . . . . London. Leyden . . . . . . University. Paris . . . . . . Academy of Sciences. Paris . . . . . . Board of Longitude. Paris . . . . . . Dépôt de la Marine. Philadelphia . . . . Philosophical Society. Queen's Library . . . . London. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society . . . . Falmouth. Royal Institution . . . . London. Royal Society . . . . " " St. Andrews . . . . University. St. Petersburgh . . . . Academy of Sciences. Savilian Library . . . . Oxford. Stockholm . . . . Academy of Sciences. Trinity College, Library . . Cambridge. Upsal . . . . . . Society of Sciences. Waterville College . . . United States. Individuals. Bessel, Prof. . . . . . Königsberg. Brittingham, Lieutenant, R.A. Newfoundland. Lowndes Prof. of Astronomy Cambridge. Plumian Prof. of Astronomy Cambridge. Christie, S. H., Esq. . . Woolwich. Colebrook, Sir W. . . . New Brunswick. Dove, M. . . . . . Berlin. Erman, M. . . . . . Berlin. Fox, R. W., Esq. . . . Falmouth. Harris, W. Snow, Esq. . . Plymouth. Holland, L., Esq. . . Lombard-street. Howard, Luke, Esq. . . Tottenham. Humboldt, Baron . . . Berlin. Kaemtz, M. . . . . Dorpat. Küpffer, A. T. . . . St. Petersburgh. Lawson, Henry G. . . Bath. Lloyd, Rev. Dr. . . . University, Dublin. Loomis, Prof. . . . . New York. Lubbock, Sir John W., Bart. London. Lütke, Admiral . . . MacCullagh, James, Esq. . . University, Dublin. Mahlmann, Prof. . . . Berlin. Melvill, J. C., Esq. . . East India House. Phillips, John, Esq. . . York. Pickering, Captain, R.A. . . Ceylon. President of the Royal Society London. Redfield, W. C., Esq. . . New York. Reid, Lieutenant-Colonel . . Bermuda. Riddell, Lieut., R.A. . . Woolwich. Roget, P. M., M.D. . . London. Sabine, Lieut.-Col., R.A. . . Woolwich. Smyth, W. H., Captain R.N. London. South, Sir James . . . " " Templeton, Dr. . . . . Ceylon. I. Experimental Researches in Electricity.—Nineteenth Series. By Michael Faraday, Esq., D.C.L. F.R.S., Fullerian Prof. Chem. Royal Institution, Foreign Associate of the Acad. Sciences, Paris, Cor. Memb. Royal and Imp. Acadd. of Sciences, Petersburgh, Florence, Copenhagen, Berlin, Göttingen, Modena, Stockholm, &c. &c. II. Experimental Researches in Electricity.—Twentieth Series. By Michael Faraday, Esq., D.C.L. F.R.S., Fullerian Prof. Chem. Royal Institution, Foreign Associate of the Acad. Sciences, Paris, Cor. Memb. Royal and Imp. Acadd. of Sciences, Petersburgh, Florence, Copenhagen, Berlin, Göttingen, Modena, Stockholm, &c. &c. III. Experimental Researches in Electricity.—Twenty-first Series. By Michael Faraday, Esq., D.C.L. F.R.S., Fullerian Prof. Chem. Royal Institution, Foreign Associate of the Acad. Sciences, Paris, Cor. Memb. Royal and Imp. Acadd. of Sciences, Petersburgh, Florence, Copenhagen, Berlin, Göttingen, Modena, Stockholm, &c. &c. ROYAL MEDALS. HER MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA, in restoring the Foundation of the Royal Medals, has been graciously pleased to approve the following regulations for the award of them: That the Royal Medals be given for such papers only as have been presented to the Royal Society, and inserted in their Transactions. That the triennial Cycle of subjects be the same as that hitherto in operation: viz. 1. Astronomy; Physiology, including the Natural History of Organized Beings. 2. Physics; Geology or Mineralogy. 3. Mathematics; Chemistry. That, in case no paper, coming within these stipulations, should be considered deserving of the Royal Medal, in any given year, the Council have the power of awarding such Medal to the author of any other paper on either of the several subjects forming the Cycle, that may have been presented to the Society and inserted in their Transactions; preference being given to the subjects of the year immediately preceding: the award being, in such case, subject to the approbation of Her Majesty. The Council propose to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1846 for the most important unpublished paper in Physics, communicated to the Royal Society for insertion in their Transactions after the termination of the Session in June 1843, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1846. The Council propose also to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1846 for the most important unpublished paper in Geology or Mineralogy, communicated to the Royal Society for insertion in their Transactions after the termination of the Session in June 1843, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1846. The Council propose to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1847 for the most important unpublished paper in Mathematics, communicated to the Royal Society for insertion in their Transactions after the termination of the Session in June 1844, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1847. The Council propose also to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1847 for the most important unpublished paper in Chemistry, communicated to the Royal Society for insertion in their Transactions after the termination of the Session in June 1844, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1847. The Council propose to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1848 for the most important unpublished paper in Astronomy, communicated to the Royal Society for insertion in their Transactions after the termination of the Session in June 1845, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1848. The Council propose also to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1848 for the most important unpublished paper in Physiology, including the Natural History of Organized Beings, communicated to the Royal Society for insertion in their Transactions after the termination of the Session in June 1845, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1848. The Council propose to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1849 for the most important unpublished paper in Physics, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1845, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1848, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions. The Council propose also to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1849 for the most important unpublished paper in Geology or Mineralogy, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1845, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1848, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions. IV. The Blood-corpuscle considered in its different Phases of Development in the Animal Series. Memoir I.—Vertebrata. By T. Wharton Jones, F.R.S., Lecturer on Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, at the Charing-Cross Hospital, &c. page 63 V. The Blood-corpuscle considered in its different Phases of Development in the Animal Series. Memoir II.—Invertebrata. By T. Wharton Jones, F.R.S., Lecturer on Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, at the Charing-Cross Hospital, &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 VI. The Blood-corpuscle considered in its different Phases of Development in the Animal Series. Memoir III.—Comparison between the Blood-corpuscle of the Vertebrata and that of the Invertebrata. By T. Wharton Jones, F.R.S., Lecturer on Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, at the Charing-Cross Hospital, &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 VII. On a point connected with the dispute between Keil and Leibnitz about the invention of Fluxions. By A. De Morgan, Esq., F.R.A.S., &c. Communicated by S. Hunter Christie, Esq., Sec. R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 VIII. On the Action of the Rays of the Spectrum on Vegetable Juices. Extract of a Letter from Mrs. M. Somerville to Sir J. F. W. Herschel, Bart., dated Rome, September 20, 1845. Communicated by Sir J. Herschel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 IX. On the Use of the Barometric Thermometer for the Determination of Relative Heights. By James R. Christie, Esq., of the Royal Military Academy. Communicated by S. Hunter Christie, Esq., Sec. R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 X. Investigation of an Extensive Class of Partial Differential Equations of the Second Order, in which the Equation of Laplace's Functions is included. By G. W. Hearn, Esq., of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Communicated by Sir John F. W. Herschel, Bart., F.R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 XI. On Spontaneous Nitrification. By C. F. Schoenbein, Professor of Chemistry in the University of Bäle. Communicated by Michael Faraday, Esq., F.R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 XII. Illustrations of the Viscous Theory of Glacier Motion.—Part I. Containing Experiments on the Flow of Plastic Bodies, and Observations on the Phenomena of Lava Streams. By James D. Forbes, Esq., F.R.S.S. L. and E., Corresponding Member of the Institute of France, and Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. XIII. Illustrations of the Viscous Theory of Glacier Motion.—Part II. An attempt to establish by observation the Plasticity of Glacier Ice. By James D. Forbes, Esq., F.R.S.S. L. and E., Corresponding Member of the Institute of France, and Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. XIV. Illustrations of the Viscous Theory of Glacier Motion.—Part III. On the Motion of Glaciers of the Second Order. On the Annual Motion of Glaciers, and on the Influence of Seasons. Summary of the Evidence adduced in favour of the Theory. By James D. Forbes, Esq., F.R.S.S. L. and E., Corresponding Member of the Institute of France, and Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. XV. Supplement to a Paper "On the Nervous Ganglia of the Uterus." By Robert Lee, M.D., F.R.S., Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London. XVI. On the Nerves of the Uterus. By Thomas Snow Beck, Esq., Surgeon. Communicated by Sir Benjamin C. Brodie, Bart., F.R.S. CONTENTS. XVII. Contributions to Terrestrial Magnetism.—No. VII. By Lieut.-Colonel Edward Sabine, R.A., For. Sec. R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . page 237 XVIII. Contributions to Terrestrial Magnetism.—No. VIII. By Lieut.-Colonel Edward Sabine, R.A., For. Sec. R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . 337 XIX. Meteorological Observations made on Board Her Majesty's (hired) Bark Pagoda, from January 10 to June 20, 1845, between 20° and 68° South Latitude, and 0° 120° East Longitude. By Lieutenant H. Clerk, Royal Artillery. Communicated by Lieut.-Colonel Sabine, R.A., For. Sec. R.S., &c. . . . . . . 433 INDEX. Contributions to Terrestrial Magnetism.—No. VII. Containing a Magnetic Survey of a considerable portion of the North American Continent, by Lieut. (since Captain) Lefroy of the Royal Artillery. Page Introduction and Results, pages 237 to 261. 237. Origin of the Survey; preliminary arrangements and proceedings during its course. 241. Additional determinations received from Major Graham, Dr. Locke, Dr. Bache and Professor Renwick. 244. Deduction of the total Magnetic Force, in absolute measure at Toronto, as a primary base station. 246. Deduction of the total force at Toronto in the arbitrary scale. 247. Factors for converting the values in the arbitrary scale into absolute values, and the converse. 248. Memorandum by Mr. Archibald Smith on a method of computing the geographical position of the Focus of greatest Force in North America. 250. Results of a computation by this method. 251. Notices respecting the Map of the Force. 252. Intensity of the Magnetic Force at its point of maximum in North America. 254. The increase of the Force with the increase of Inclination shown not to be a general law. 255. Objections to the employment of the terms "Magnetic Pole" and "Magnetic Equator." 257. Method, proposed in the Survey of the British Islands, for computing the direction of the isoclinal lines and the geographical distance between them, not applicable to the observations of the North American Survey. 257. Description of a graphical method adopted instead. 259. Tables showing the values of the Inclination at the intersection of meridians and parallels between 38° and 66° N. Lat., and 231° and 291° East Longitude. 260. Notices respecting Station Errors. Details of the observations, pages 261 to 336. 261. Discussion of the observations of Latitude and Longitude. 267. Discussion of the Ratios of the Force obtained by Mr. Fox's Statical method. 271. Discussion of the Ratios of the Force obtained by Dr. Lloyn's Statical method. 275. Tables of the Statical observations. 285. General Table of the Statical results. 287. Lieut. Lefroy's Report relative to the observations of the absolute horizontal Force. 295. General Table of the absolute determinations. 303. Horizontal Ratios obtained from the Vibrations of the magnets of the Portable Unifilar Magnetometer. 311. General Table of the total Force in absolute measure derived from the observations of the horizontal component and of the Inclination. 312. Dr. Locke's observations of the Force referred to Toronto as a base station. 314. General Table of the total Force at Dr. Locke's stations. 315. Horizontal and Total Force in absolute measure at Professor Renwick's stations. 317. General Table of the determinations of the Magnetic Force. 323. Detailed statement of the observations of Inclination. 328. General Table of the determination of the Magnetic Inclination. Contributions to Terrestrial Magnetism.—No. VIII. Containing a Magnetic Survey of the Southern Hemisphere between the Latitudes of —20° and —70°, and Longitudes of 0° and 125° East, by Lieut. Moore, Royal Navy, and Lieut. Clerk, Royal Artillery, in Her Majesty's hired Bark Pagoda. Page Introduction, page 337 to 346. 337. Origin of the Survey; preliminary arrangements. 338. Magnetic Instructions. 342. Proceedings during the Survey. 343. Additional observations furnished by Lieuts. Smith and Dayman, Royal Navy, and by the Antarctic Expedition under Sir J. C. Ross. 343. Value of the total force at the Cape of Good Hope and at Hobarton, as primary base stations of the observations included in this number of the Contributions. 346. Lieut. Clerk's Report on the observations of the Survey. 347. Mr. Archibald Smith's Third Memorandum on the corrections to be applied to magnetic observations made on board ship; containing formulæ applicable where no supposition is made as to the distribution of the iron in the vessel, except that there is no iron very near the instrument by which the observations are made. 355. Lieut. Clerk's Report resumed:—Corrections for the observations of the Declination. 356. Corrections for the observations of the Inclination. 359. Corrections for the observations of the Force. 360. Index Corrections. 362. Elements of calculation of the observations of the Force. 367. Elements of reduction employed for the observations of Lieut. Smith and Dayman, and of the Antarctic Expedition. 370. Observations in the Pagoda of the Declination. 382. Observations in the Pagoda of the Inclination. 404. Observations in the Pagoda of the Force. 422. General Table of the Declinations determined in the Pagoda. 423. General Table of the Inclinations determined in the Pagoda. 424. General Table of the Force determined in the Pagoda. 425. Lieut. Smith's determinations of the Inclination and Force. 426. Lieut. Dayman's determinations of the Inclination and Force. 427. Declination, Inclination and Force, determined by the Antarctic Expedition. Meteorological Observations in the Pagoda, by Lieut. Clerk, Royal Artillery. 433. Preliminary notices. 435. Results; and their comparison with those of Dr. Erman. 437. Table containing a daily abstract of the Meteorological observations. 439. Table exhibiting weekly means. 440. The general meteorological results arranged according to latitude. ERRATUM. Page 259. Heading of Table VII. line 3, for from 261° to 268° 30' read from 231° to 268° 30''. ADJUDICATION of the Medals of the Royal Society for the year 1846 by the President and Council. The Copley Medal to U. J. Le Verrier, for his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus, by which he proved the existence and predicted the place of the new Planet. The Rumford Medal to Michael Faraday, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., for his discovery of the Optical Phenomena developed by the action of Magnets and Electric Currents in certain Transparent Media, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1846. The Royal Medal in the department of Physics, to Michael Faraday, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., for his Experimental Researches in Electricity. Twentieth and Twenty-first Series.—On new Magnetic Actions, and on the Magnetic Conditions of all Matter, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1846. No recommendation of the Royal Medal in the department of Geology having been received, it was awarded to Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S., for his paper entitled "A Description of certain Belemnites, preserved, with a great proportion of their soft parts, in the Oxford Clay," published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1844. The paper appointed for the Bakerian Lecture for the year 1846, is Professor Forbes's "Illustrations of the Viscous Theory of Glacier Motion." CONTENTS. XX. On the Barometrical Variation as affected by the Moon's Declination. By Luke Howard, Esq., F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 441 XXI. Contributions to the Chemistry of the Urine. Part II.—On the Variations in the Alkaline and Earthy Phosphates in Disease. By Henry Bence Jones, M.A., Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. Communicated by Thomas Graham, Esq., F.R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 XXII. Remarks on the Extractive Material of Urine, and on the Excretion of Sulphur and Phosphorus by the Kidneys, in an unoxidized state. By Edmund Ronalds, Ph.D., Giessen. Communicated by Golding Bird, A.M., M.D., F.R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 XXIII. On the Fossil Remains of the soft parts of Foraminifera, discovered in the Chalk and Flint of the South-east of England. By Gideon Algernon Mantell, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 XXIV. On the Secretory Apparatus of the Liver. By C. Handfield Jones, M.D. Communicated by Sir Benjamin C. Brodie, Bart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 XXV. Electro-Physiological Researches.—Fourth Memoir. The Physiological Action of the Electric Current. By Signor Carlo Matteucci, Professor in the University of Pisa, &c. &c. Communicated by Michael Faraday, Esq., F.R.S., &c. &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 XXVI. On the Mechanism of Respiration. By Francis Sibson, Esq. Communicated by Thomas Bell, Esq., F.R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 XXVII. On the Physiology of the Human Voice. By John Bishop, Esq., F.R.S. 551 XXVIII. On the Motion of Gases. By Thomas Graham, Esq., F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in University College, London; Hon. Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; Corresponding Member of the Royal Academies of Sciences of Berlin and Munich, of the National Institute of Washington, &c. . . . . . . . . . . . 573 XXIX. On the Supra-renal, Thymus and Thyroid Bodies. By John Goodsir, Esq. Communicated by Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S., &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 APPENDIX. Presents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ 1 ]