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INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS FOR THE YEAR 1839. A. Acaroid resin, page 292; chemical formula of, ibid. Airy (George Biddell, Esq.). Account of experiments on iron-built ships, instituted for the purpose of discovering a correction for the deviation of the compass produced by the iron of the ships, 167. Aurora Borealis. Report of a geometrical measurement of the height of the, above the earth, 267. B. Bakerian Lecture, 215. Baroscope, description of a hydropneumatic, 425. Barry (Martin, M.D.). Researches in Embryology. Second Series, 307. C. Chemical equivalents of certain bodies, researches on the, 35. Chlorates, conversion of, into chlorides, applied to the determination of equivalent numbers, 13. Chlorides, conversion of, into nitrates, applied to the determination of equivalent numbers, 13. Chorion, the, 339; becoming villous, 340; mode, period and place of origin of, 341. Compass, magnetic. Experiments instituted for the purpose of discovering a correction for the deviation of, produced by iron-built ships, 167. Constant battery. Account of the effects of a large, 89. Cooper (John Thomas, Esq.). Description of a hydropneumatic baroscope, 425. D. Daniell (J. Frederic, Esq.). Fifth letter on voltaic combinations, with some account of the effects of a large constant battery, 89. On the electrolysis of secondary compounds, 97. Darwin (Charles, Esq.). Observations on the parallel roads of Glen Roy, and of other parts of Lochaber in Scotland, with an attempt to prove that they are of marine origin, 39. Davy (John, M.D.). On the male organs of some of the cartilaginous fishes, 139. Dragon's blood, resin of, 134; chemical formula of, 137. E. Electric force, experimental relation of, to nervous force, 11. Electricity, experimental researches in. Fifteenth series. Notice of the character and direction of the electric force of the Gymnotus, 1. ———, inquiries concerning the elementary laws of, Third series, 215; nature of electrical measurements, 217; phenomena of induction, attraction and repulsion, 219; laws of electrical change by induction, 223; law of attraction with invariable plates, 227; relation of the inductive to the attractive force, 229; relation of induction to quantity and distance, 233; electrical accumulation between opposed conductors, 237; effects of induction on disturbing the repulsive force, 239; electrical attraction dependent on parallel forces, 241. ——— of the Gymnotus, 1; its discharge, 9. Electrolysis of secondary compounds, 97. Elevatory forces, equable action of, 76; speculations on the action of, 78. Embryo, the, a congeries of vesicles, 334; arrangement of the vesicles composing the, and order of their coming into view as vesicles, 335; an embryo of remarkable minuteness, 337; effects of flexion on the, ibid. Embryology, researches in. Second series, 307; the mature and immature ovum, 309; effects produced on the ovum in the ovary by maceration, ibid.; the rut, 310; the ovum in the ovary post coitum—first and second stages of development, ibid.; locality in which the ovum is fecundated, 314; discharge of the ovum from the ovary, 316; the corpus luteum, 317; disappearance of ova post coitum, 318; Graafian vesicles containing blood in their interior, 319; ovisacs found in the infundibulum, ibid.; the ovum after it has left the ovary, 320; the size of the minute ovum no criterion of the degree of its development, 321; third stage of development, ibid.; fourth stage, 322; fifth stage, ibid.; sixth stage, 323; seventh stage, ibid.; eighth stage, ibid.; ninth stage, 324; tenth stage, ibid.; the importance of examining ova from the Fallopian tube, 325; eleventh stage of development, 326; twelfth stage, ibid.; thirteenth stage—the true germ—the so-called "serous laminae of the germinal membrane," a structure of subordinate importance, ibid.; fourteenth stage—the area pellucida, 327; fifteenth stage, ibid.; sixteenth stage, 328; seventeenth stage—central and peripheral portions of the germ—origin of the lamina subsequently vascular, ibid.; eighteenth stage—first change in form presented by the germ, 330; nineteenth stage—hollow network in the ovum, 331; twentieth stage, 332; twenty-first stage, ibid.; multiplicity of parts in a minute ovum, ibid.; adhesion between the thick transparent membrane of the ovarian ovum and the membrane which forms the amnion, 333; the embryo a congeries of vesicles, 334; stages of development later than the twenty-first, ibid.; progressive formation of the vascular lamina of the umbilical vesicle, ibid.; arrangement of the vesicles composing the embryo, and order of their coming into view as vesicles, 335; foundation of the central portion of the nervous system and of the vertebrae, 336; an embryo of remarkable minuteness—effects of flexion of the embryo, 337; the chorion, 339; the chorion becoming villous—mode, period, and place of origin of the chorion, 340; aborted ova, 343; effects produced on ova by manipulation, ibid.; effects produced on ova by certain chemical reagents, 344; some of the earliest appearances of the ovum, 346; facts noticed by preceding observers, cited to show the accordance in various respects between the development of Mammalia and that of other animals, 347; recapitulation, 349. Postscript, 353; rotatory motions of a mulberry-like object in vesicles under the mucous membrane of the uterus, 355; correspondence in the elementary structure of animals and plants, 358; anomalous ova, 364; the origin of tissues subordinate to a division into forms, ibid.; method of obtaining the minutest ova in the uterus and Fallopian tube, and a mode of preserving them while under examination, 365. Second Postscript. Process by which the primitive ovum undergoes division and subdivision—probable analogy in this respect between the mammiferous ovum and the ovum of batrachian reptiles and certain fishes—the so-called "yelk-ball" in the mammiferous ovum compared with the "discus vitellinus" in the ova of other animals—resemblance between the fecundated ovum of Mammalia and that of certain plants, 367; ova found in the Fallopian tube and uterus of the Rabbit, 371; table of measurements, 373; explanation of the plates, 374. Equivalent numbers (chemical), determination of several, by the conversion of chlorates and nitrates into chlorides, and of chlorides into nitrates, 13; chlorate of potassa, 18; conversion into nitrate, 20; chloride of potassium, 21; nitrate of potassa, 22; chlorate of soda, 25; nitrate of soda, 26; chloride of sodium, 27; silver, conversion of, into nitrate, 28; into chloride, 29; nitrate of silver, 30. Equivalents, chemical, researches on the, of certain bodies, 35. Erratic boulders, of Lochaber, 68; attitudes at which they are found in Scotland, in Sweden, in North America, in the Jura, 72. F. Faraday (Michael, D.C.L.). Experimental Researches in Electricity; Fifteenth Series; Notice of the character and direction of the electric force of the Gymnotus, 1. Chemical account of the Cold Bokkeveld meteoric stone, 86. Farquharson (the Rev. James, LL.D.). Report of a geometrical measurement of the height of the aurora borealis above the earth, 267. Fishes, on the male organs of some of the cartilaginous, 139; 1. of the Torpedo, 140; 2. of the Thornback (Raia clavata), 141; 3. of the Common Skate (Raia batis), 142; 4. of Scyllium Edwardii, 144; 5. of the accessory male organs, 144; 6. concluding remarks, 146. Fluid, on the conditions of equilibrium of an incompressible, the particles of which are acted upon by accelerating forces, 243. Prop. I. To determine the figure of equilibrium when the forces are such functions of the co-ordinates as are susceptible of only one value for any proposed values of the co-ordinates, 253. Prop. II. To determine the figure of equilibrium of a homogeneous fluid at liberty, the particles attracting one another in the inverse proportion of the square of the distance, at the same time that they are urged by a centrifugal force caused by revolving about an axis, 255. Frankincense, common, 298; of the ancients, 301. G. Gambodic acid, salts of, 284; constitution of the salts of, 289. Gamboge, resin of, 281; chemical formula of, 282. Geology (Physical), Researches in, First Series. On the phenomena of precession and nutation, assuming the fluidity of the interior of the earth, 381. § Preliminary observations on the refrigeration of the globe, ibid.; on precession and nutation, assuming the fluidity of the interior of the earth, 385. § Statement of the problem, ibid. § Formation of the differential equations for the motion of the pole, 386. I. The attraction of the sun on the solid shell, 387. II. The attraction of the moon on the shell, ibid. III. The interior pressure on the shell from the attraction of the sun on the fluid, ibid. IV. The interior pressure on the shell from the attraction of the moon on the fluid, 388. V. The interior pressure on the shell from the centrifugal forces of the fluid mass, ibid. § Motion of the internal fluid, 389. I. Disturbing force of the sun, 390. II. Disturbing force of the moon, ibid. III. Cen- trifugal force, *ibid.* § Formation of the differential equations for the motion of $P'$, or of the axis of instantaneous rotation of the interior fluid, 394; integration of the differential equations for the motions of $P$ and $P'$, 395. § Determination of the numerical values of the constants in the equations, 401. § Final equations, giving the numerical values of the co-ordinates, 407. § Degree of approximation in the preceding results, 416; conclusions, 423. *Germ,* the true, 326; central and peripheral portions of, 328; first change in form presented by, 330. *Glen Roy,* parallel roads of, 39. *Guaiacum,* resin of, 291; chemical formula of, 291. *Gymnotus,* character and direction of the electric force of the, 1; results obtained with the Gymnotus current, 5. H. *Harris (W. Snow, Esq.).* Inquiries concerning the elementary laws of electricity. Third series, 215. *Hopkins (W. Esq.).* Researches in physical geology. First series. On the phenomena of precession and nutation, assuming the fluidity of the interior of the earth, 381. I. *Indian Seas.* On certain tide observations made in the, 163. *Induction, electric,* phenomena of, 219; laws of electrical change by, 223; relation of, to quantity and distance, 233; effects of, on disturbing the repulsive force, 239. *Iron-built ships,* account of experiments on, instituted for the purpose of discovering a correction for the deviation of the compass produced by the iron of the ships, 167. Section I. Preliminary, 167. II. Immediate results of observations, 171. III. Theory of induced magnetism, 177. IV. Combination of induced magnetism with permanent magnetism, 188. V. Application of the theory to the observations made in the Rainbow (iron-built steamer), 194. VI. Observations not essential to the theory, 205. VII. Observations of the disturbance of the compass in the iron-built sailing ship Ironsides, 206. VIII. Concluding remarks, 211. *Ivory (James, K.H.).* On the conditions of equilibrium of an incompressible fluid, the particles of which are acted upon by accelerating forces, 243. Note relating to the correcting of an error in a paper printed in the Philosophical Transactions for 1838, 57, &c. 265. J. *Johnston (James F. W., Esq.).* On a new equiatomic compound of bicyanide with binoxide of mercury, 113. On the constitution of the resins, Part I., 119. On the constitution of the resins, Part II., 281. On the constitution of the resins, Part III., 293. L. *Low Water.* On the laws of, at the Port of Plymouth, and on the permanency of low water, 151. M. *Maclear (Thomas, Esq.).* An account of the fall of a meteoric stone in the Cold Bokkeveld, Cape of Good Hope, 83. Magnetism, theory of induced, 177; combination of induced, with permanent, 188; application of the theory to observations made in iron-built ships, 194, 207. Mastic, resin of, 119; chemical formulae of resins of, 133. Mercury, a new equiatomic compound of bicyanide with binoxide of, 113. Meteoric stone, an account of the fall of a, in the Cold Bokkeveld, Cape of Good Hope, 83; chemical account of, 86. N. Nervous force, experimental relation of, to electric force, 11. Nitrates, conversion of into chlorides, applied to the determination of equivalent numbers, 13. Nutation, precession and, phenomena of, assuming the fluidity of the interior of the earth, 381, 385. O. Olibanum, resin of, 301; chemical formulae of, resins of, 305. Ovum, the, mature and immature, 309; effects produced on, in the ovary by maceration, ibid.; in the ovary post coitum—first and second stages of development of, 310; locality in which fecundated, 314; discharge of, from the ovary, 316; disappearance of ova post coitum, 318; the ovum after it has left the ovary, 320; minute size of, no criterion of the degree of its development, 321; third stage of development to tenth, 321 to 324; importance of examining ova from the Fallopian tube, 325; eleventh to twenty-first stage of development, 326 to 332; hollow net-work in the, 331; multiplicity of parts in a minute, 332; aborted ova, 343; effects produced on, by manipulation, ibid.; by certain chemical reagents, 344; some of the earliest appearances of the, 346; anomalous ova, 364; method of obtaining the minutest in the uterus and Fallopian tube, and of preserving while under examination, 365; process by which the primitive ovum undergoes division and subdivision, 367; probable analogy in this respect between the Mammiferous ovum and the ovum of batrachian reptiles and certain fishes, 369; resemblance between the fecundated ovum of Mammalia and that of certain plants, 370, note; ova found in the Fallopian tube of the Rabbit, 371; ova found in the uterus of the Rabbit, 372. P. Parallel roads of Glen Roy, and of other parts of Lochaber in Scotland, observations on, with an attempt to prove that they are of marine origin, 39; Section I. Description of the shelves, 39; II. Theories of Sir Lauder Dick and Dr. Macculloch considered, 45; III. Proofs of the retreat of a body of water from the central parts of Scotland, and that this water was that of the sea, 49; IV. Proofs from organic remains of a change of level between the land and the sea in Scotland; the effects of elevation traced in hypothesis, 56; V. Objections to the theory from the non-extension of the shelves, and the absence of organic remains at great heights, answered, 60; VI. Application of the theory to some less important points of structure in the district of Lochaber, and recapitulation, 64; VII. On the erratic boulders of Lochaber, 68; VIII. On the small amount of alluvial action since the formation of the shelves, 72; IX. On the horizontality of the shelves, and on the equable action of the elevatory forces, 76; X. Speculations on the action of the elevatory forces, and conclusion, 78. Penny (Frederic, Esq.). On the application of the conversion of the chlorates and nitrates into chlorides, and of chlorides into nitrates, to the determination of several equivalent numbers, 13. Phillips (Richard, Esq.). Researches on the chemical equivalents of certain bodies, 35. INDEX. Pinus abies, resin of, 298; chemical formulae of resins of, 300. Plymouth. On the laws of low water, and on the permanency of low water in the port of, 151. Precession and nutation, phenomena of, assuming the fluidity of the interior of earth, 381, 385. R. Resins, on the constitution of, Part I., 119. I. Resin of mastic, 119; action of heat, 122; constitution of the resin salts, 127; insoluble resin of mastic, 132; conclusions, ibid. II. Resin of dragon's blood, 134. ——— Part II., 281; III. Resin of gamboge, 281; salts of gambodic acid, 284; constitution of the salts of gambodic acid, 289; conclusions, 290; IV. Resin of guaiacum, 291; salts of guaiacum resin, ibid.; V. Acaroid resin, 292. ——— Part III., 293; VI. Resin of Sandarach, 293; conclusions, 297; VII. Resin of the Pinus abies, 298; conclusions, 300; VIII. Resin of olibanum, 301; conclusions, 304; general observations, 305. S. Sandarach, resin of, 293; chemical formulae of resins of, 297. Secondary compounds, electrolysis of, 97. T. Tides, researches on the. Tenth series. On the laws of low water at the port of Plymouth, and on the permanency of low water, 151; 1. Of the permanency of the height of mean water, 152; 2. Of the semimenstrual inequality of the height of low water at Plymouth, 153; 3. The parallax correction of the height of low water at Plymouth, 155; 4. The declination correction of the height of low water at Plymouth, 156; postscript, 157; appendix, 158. ——— researches on the. Eleventh series. 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