Astronomical Observations Made at the Observatory at Paramatta in New South Wales

Astronomical Observations made at the Observatory at Paramatta in New South Wales. By Charles Rumker, Esq. Astronomer. I. Magnetic Observations made at Paramatta. Variation of the Needle observed with Dollond's Magnetic Transit. | Day of the Month | Magnetic Meridian | True Meridian | Variation of the Needle | |------------------|-------------------|---------------|------------------------| | 1822. Oct. 23 | 282° 24' 30" | 273° 40' 40" | 8° 43' 50" | | 1823. Feb. 10 | 29° 7 | 42° 20 | 46° 47 | | | 29° 20 | 46° 20 | 43° 0 | | | 30° 15 | 54° 20 | 36° 0 | | | 24° 20 | 50° 20 | 34° 0 | | | 28° 10 | 50° 20 | 37° 50 | | March 2 | 26° 40 | 51° 41 | 35° 0 | | | 18° 23 | 46° 17 | 32° 6 | | | 36° 40 | 45° 10 | 51° 30 | | | 24° 20 | 47° 8 | 37° 12 | | | 24° 33 | 45° 55 | 38° 38 | | | 25° 7 | 45° 0 | 40° 7 | | | 37° 0 | 43° 20 | 53° 40 | | | 20° 10 | 40° 20 | 39° 50 | | | 32° 17 | 45° 45 | 46° 32 | | | 30° 40 | 40° 7 | 50° 33 | | April 19 | 21° 50 | 38° 23 | 43° 27 | | | 20° 30 | 33° 27 | 47° 3 | | May 3 | 16° 55 | 35° 0 | 41° 55 | | | 20° 7 | 34° 0 | 46° 7 | | June 14 | 25° 43 | 34° 7 | 51° 36 | Observations made after reversing the instrument 180° in Azimuth. | Day of the Month | Magnetic Meridian | True Meridian | Variation of the Needle | |------------------|-------------------|---------------|------------------------| | 1823. May 7 | 102° 18' 13" | 93° 28' 37" | 8° 49' 36" | | | 27° 0 | 28° 50 | 57° 40 | | | 18° 30 | 28° 50 | 50° 40 | | Mean for May after Reversion | ... | ... | 8° 52' 39" | | Mean for March before Reversion | ... | ... | 8° 42' 43" | | Variation, April 1823 | ....... | ....... | 8° 47' 41" | Mean for March 1823 ........ 8° 42' 43" For the information of persons who are not acquainted with the nature of the instrument, it is necessary to add that the transit of the sun was observed with the same tube with which, after an application of a microscope, the position of the needle, or magnetic meridian, could be read off the limb surrounding it, whilst three nonii gave the division corresponding to the true meridian on that day. Not considering the magnetic observations of sufficient importance to neglect on their account the observations of the sun with the regular transit and mural circle, I left an assistant to observe its culmination with the magnetic transit; and as this instrument could not be kept permanently in the same position, I directed him to turn the tangent screw of the azimuth circle so as to bring the first wire in contact with the sun’s preceding limb at a second of a chronometer, computed for that purpose, with the declination for the interval of wires and semidiameter. For any difference found after the reduction of the wires, a correction of the azimuth remained to be made. With more attention greater accuracy might have been obtained, although the application of the microscope to the tube could not fail of displacing the optical axis. **Dip of the Needle observed with a Dipping Compass made by Gambey of Paris.** | Date | Dip | |---------------|---------| | November 1821 | 62° 36' 19" | | March 21, 1823| 62° 18' 40" | In five minutes the Needle made in November 1821, - In the magnetic meridian .. 128.0 vibrations. - In the magnetic prime vertical 120.8 Therefore \( \left( \frac{T}{T'} \right)^2 = \cos \text{dip} = 62° 57' \). **II. Latitude of the Observatory.** Observations for determining the latitude have not merely a local interest. The differences between the latitudes derived from stars north and south of the zenith, as well as from upper and lower solstices, have long been an object of speculation by astronomers; so that a series of observations for the latitude of any place on the surface of the earth is valuable: and if the anomalies alluded to should not originate in the defects of the instruments alone, but in hitherto unknown laws of Nature, observations in the Southern hemisphere will be doubly interesting. 1. Latitude by Repetitions on Circumpolar Stars in their upper and lower Culminations. Superior Culmination of β Argus. | Day of the Month | Observed Zen. Distances or Simple Arc. | Barom. | Therm. FAHR. | Refraction. | Redn to the Meridian. | True Meridian Zenith Distance. | |------------------|--------------------------------------|--------|--------------|-------------|-----------------------|--------------------------------| | Sept. 1822 | | | | | | | | 1 | 35° 15' 28.3" | 29.89 | 60 | 40.2 | -5° 56.9 | 35° 10' 11.6 | | 3 | 14° 33.4 | 29.80 | 64 | 39.6 | 5° 2.85 | 10.2 | | 5 | 13° 35.0 | 29.56 | 67 | 39.4 | 4° 5.3 | 9.1 | | 5 | 16° 13.55 | .......| .............| 39.1 | 6° 50.5 | 2.1 | | 12 | 15° 20.2 | 30.03 | 58 | 41.6 | 5° 58.5 | 3.3 | | 14 | 14° 49.0 | 29.38 | 63 | 39.2 | 5° 22.9 | 5.3 | | 14 | 14° 47.5 | .......| .............| ............| 5° 24.0 | 2.7 | | 16 | 14° 13.9 | 29.87 | 54 | 40.0 | 4° 46.0 | 8.0 | | 16 | 16° 13.6 | .......| 54.3 | 40.1 | 6° 43.5 | 10.2 | | 17 | 18° 17.6 | 29.92 | 57.0 | 40.5 | 8° 57.15 | 1.03 | | 18 | 13° 42.9 | 29.84 | 59.7 | 40.0 | 4° 16.7 | 6.2 | | 18 | 17° 40.7 | .......| .............| 40.0 | 8° 20.4 | 0.7 | | 19 | 13° 18.6 | 29.56 | 70.5 | 38.7 | 3° 56.6 | 0.77 | | 22 | 10° 30.0 | 29.57 | 65 | 39.2 | 1° 2.46 | 6.76 | | 22 | 18° 19.7 | .......| .............| 39.4 | 8° 56.5 | 2.58 | | 23 | 13° 26.3 | 29.60 | 62 | 39.6 | 3° 55.1 | 10.8 | | 24 | 18° 23.0 | 29.82 | 70 | 39.3 | 9° 9.9 | 9.52.4 | | 25 | 14° 55.5 | 29.91 | 65.5 | 39.8 | 5° 24.2 | 11.0 | | 26 | 15° 21.0 | 29.77 | 61.5 | 40.0 | -5° 58.0 | 3.0 | Mean corresponding to September 16 (True Declin. 68° 59' 2".22) 35° 10' 4.88 Inferior Culmination of β Argus. | Sept. 16 | inches. | ° | ' | " | ° | ' | " | ° | ' | " | |------------------|---------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 77° 5' 59.9 | 29.89 | 4° 12.0 | +1° 44.1 | 77° 11' 55.8 | | 21° 3' 27.8 | 29.39 | 3° 59.7 | 4° 32.9 | 12° 0.4 | | 23° 7' 29.6 | 29.72 | 59.8 | 4° 2.6 | 28.8 | 12° 1.0 | | 23° 0' 58.8 | ....... | 4° 0.2 | 7° 0.1 | 11° 59.1 | | 24° 3' 32.5 | 29.92 | 50 | 4° 7.9 | +4° 14.5 | 11° 54.9 | Mean of the inferior passages corresponding to September 21 ...... Mean of the superior passages reduced for Aberration, Nutation, and Precession, September 21 ........................................... Latitude by upper and lower culmination of β Argus ................... The inferior culminations were here unavoidably interrupted on account of the comet in Ophiucho. The repetitions on β Argus in the star's superior passage were observed in the day-time. 2. Latitude by repetitions on Stars North and South of the Zenith. a. Repetitions on Stars South of the Zenith. ### Canopus | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Simple Arc Cor. for Level | Refraction | Reduction to Meridian | True Merid. Zenith Dist. | True Declination | Latitude | |---------|--------|--------|---------------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------|------------------|----------| | Jan. 16 | | | | | | | | | | | inches | | | | | | | | | | . | . | 19° 2' 38.3" | +19.3 | -15° 47.26 | 18° 47' 10.84 | 52° 36' 6.86 | 33° 48' 56.02" | | 18 | . | . | 3° 41.4 | 19.3 | 16° 58.54 | " | 2.17 | 49° 5.03 | | 18 | . | . | 18° 49' 17.4 | 19.0 | 2° 28.22 | " | 8.18 | 48° 59.02 | | 23 | 30.00 | 75 | 58° 52.13 | 18.9 | 11° 58.54 | " | 12.5 | 56.3 | | 26 | 30.02 | 74 | 19° 13' 47.6 | 19.3 | 27° 15.3 | " | 46° 51.6 | 10.0 | | 27 | 29.93 | 75 | 18° 51' 10.5 | 18.9 | 4° 9.04 | " | 47° 20.36 | 10.29 | | | Mean | | | | | | | 33° 49' 0.8 | ### α Trianguli Australis | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Simple Arc Cor. for Level | Refraction | Reduction to Meridian | True Merid. Zenith Dist. | True Declination | Latitude | |---------|--------|--------|---------------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------|------------------|----------| | Aug. 14 | 30.112 | 46 | 34° 53' 18.74 | +41.11 | -1° 27.91 | 34° 52' 31.94 | 68° 41' 33.44 | 33° 49' 1.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mean | | | | | | | 33° 49' 5.0 | ### β Argus | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Simple Arc Cor. for Level | Refraction | Reduction to Meridian | True Merid. Zenith Dist. | True Declination | Latitude | |---------|--------|--------|---------------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------|------------------|----------| | Oct. 21 | 29.72 | 60.3 | 35° 16' 7.44 | +39.96 | -6° 42.6 | 35° 10' 4.8 | 68° 58' 58.33 | 33° 48' 53.53 | | 21 | . | . | 16° 20.41 | | 7° 3.1 | " | 9° 57.27 | 49° 1.06 | | 22 | 30.01 | 60.0 | 15° 16.66 | 40.34 | 5° 53.1 | " | 10° 3.9 | 48° 54.43 | | 22 | . | . | 15° 14.03 | | 5° 54.2 | " | 10° 0.09 | 48° 58.24 | | 23 | 30.16 | 59.0 | 17° 12.87 | 40.67 | 7° 48.4 | " | 10° 5.14 | 53° 19.1 | | 23 | . | . | 16° 11.10 | 40.67 | 6° 55.2 | " | 9° 56.57 | 49° 1.76 | | | Mean | | | | | | | | Mean of the latitude by β Argus (weight 3) .................................................. 33° 48' 57.03 Canopus (weight 3) ......................................................................................... 49° 0.8 α Trianguli (weight 1) ....................................................................................... 49° 5.0 Mean of the latitude deduced from observation of stars south of zenith... 33° 48' 59.8 b. Repetitions on Stars North of the Zenith. ### α Ceti | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Simple Arc Cor. for Level | Refraction | Reduction to Meridian | True Merid. Zenith Dist. | True Declination | Latitude | |---------|--------|--------|---------------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------|------------------|----------| | Dec. 22 | . | . | 37° 33' 57.6 | +42.9 | -22° 32.15 | 37° 12' 8.35 | 3° 23' 13.9 | 33° 48' 54.4 | | | . | . | 12° 22.4 | 42.3 | 0° 53.09 | " | 12° 11.61 | 57.7 | | | . | . | 18° 30.7 | 42.3 | 7° 15.66 | " | 11° 57.74 | 43.8 | | | . | . | 38° 43.6 | 43.0 | 27° 33.55 | " | 11° 53.05 | 39.1 | ### Aldebaran. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Simple Arc Cor. for Level | Refraction | Reduction to Meridian | True Merid. Zenith Dist. | True Declination | Latitude | |------|--------|--------|---------------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------|-----------------|----------| | 1822 | Jan. 17 | inches | 30.10 | 7° 50' 30" 18.1 | +1° 7.9 | -34" 0.6 | 9° 57' 25.4 | 1° 8' 46.1 | 3° 48" 39.3 | ### Rigel. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Simple Arc Cor. for Level | Refraction | Reduction to Meridian | True Merid. Zenith Dist. | True Declination | Latitude | |------|--------|--------|---------------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------|-----------------|----------| | 1822 | Jan. 20 | 29.90 | 75 | 25 25 23.9 | +26.16 | -1° 53.28 | 25 23 56.78 | 8 24 46.6 | 33 48 43.4 | ### α Orionis. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Simple Arc Cor. for Level | Refraction | Reduction to Meridian | True Merid. Zenith Dist. | True Declination | Latitude | |------|--------|--------|---------------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------|-----------------|----------| | 1822 | Feb. 1 | 30.17 | 70 | 41 39 16.9 | +49.9 | -29 18 | 41 10 48.8 | 7 22 1.2 | 33 48 47.6 | | | | | " 11 37.1 | 49.1 | 1 40.1 | " 10 46.1 | | " 48 44.9 | ### Procyon. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Simple Arc Cor. for Level | Refraction | Reduction to Meridian | True Merid. Zenith Dist. | True Declination | Latitude | |------|--------|--------|---------------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------|-----------------|----------| | 1822 | Feb. 3 | 30.135 | 73 | 40 15 16.9 | +47.1 | -46 56.65 | 39 29 6.25 | 5 40 28.7 | 33 48 37.5 | | | | | 39 30 43.9 | 45.83 | 2 13.33 | " 29 16.4 | | " 48 47.7 | The following observations of the sun were made during the Northern Solstice 1822, by Sir Thomas Brisbane, with a reflecting circle of Troughton, excepting the last, which was made by him with a reflecting circle of Jecker of Paris. | Year | True Zenith Distance of Sun's Centre | Correction for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | Apparent Zenith Distance of Tropic | |------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------------------| | June | 20 | 57° 15' 47.10 | -0.22 | +0° 48.43 | 57° 16' 35.3 | | | 21 | 16° 21.22 | 0.12 | 0° 11.77 | " 32.9 | | | 23 | 16° 24.8 | +0.17 | 0° 13.07 | " 38.0 | | | 23 | 16° 31.35 | 0.17 | 0° 13.07 | " 44.6 | Mean ........................................... 57° 16' 37.7 Apparent obliquity ......................... 23° 27' 53.0 Latitude (with the weight 4) .. 33° 48' 44.7 Combining this latitude by the sun with the preceding observations of stars north of the zenith, we have on a mean the latitude 33° 48' 45".3. With these latitudes should be classed the c. Latitude by Solstices*. Southern Solstices. | December 1821 | December 1822 | December 1823 | December 1826 | December 1827 | |---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------| | Tropic Zenith Distance | 10° 21' 2.23" | 10° 20' 58.2" | 10° 21' 4.02" | 10° 20' 57.9" | 10° 21' 4.2" | | Mean obliquity | 23° 27' 45.70" | 23° 27' 45.3" | 23° 27' 44.90" | 23° 27' 43.7" | 23° 27' 43.3" | | Latitude | 33° 48' 47.9" | 33° 48' 43.5" | 33° 48' 48.92" | 33° 48' 41.6" | 33° 48' 47.5" | Northern Solstices. | June 1822 | June 1823 | June 1826 | June 1827 | June 1828 | |-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| | Zenith Dist. of Tropic | 57° 16' 25.9" | 57° 16' 27.0" | 57° 16' 30.9" | 57° 16' 23.0" | 57° 16' 22.8" | | Mean obliquity | 23° 27' 45.5" | 23° 27' 45.1" | 23° 27' 43.9" | 23° 27' 43.5" | 23° 27' 43.1" | | Latitude | 33° 48' 40.4" | 33° 48' 41.9" | 33° 48' 47.0" | 33° 48' 39.5" | 33° 48' 39.7" | Latitude by a mean of the Southern Solstices .......... 33° 48' 45.9" by a mean of the Northern Solstices .......... 33° 48' 41.7" by Northern Stars as before .................. 33° 48' 45.3" by repetitions North of Zenith .................. 33° 48' 44.3" ditto South as above .................. " " 59.3" by a mean ........................................... 33° 48' 51.8" Difference between observation N. and S. ............ " " 15.0" This shows that the zenith distances have been observed too small; and the solstice moreover seems to indicate that the error increases with the zenith distance. Without investigating the cause of this error, we may suppose equal zenith distances on either side of the zenith equally influenced by it. Calling therefore $\delta$ and $z$ the declination and observed zenith distance of the northern, and $\delta'$ and $z'$ those of the southern star in his superior culmination, and $x$ the correction of the zenith distance, we have, if both stars have south declination (in general if latitude and declination are of the same name) $$ z + x + \delta = \text{latitude} $$ and $$ \delta' - z' - x = \text{latitude} $$ whence $$ \frac{z - z'}{2} + \frac{\delta + \delta'}{2} = \text{latitude}. $$ And thus the error $x$ of the instrument is eliminated. * The solstices of 1821 and 1822 were observed by Sir Thomas Brisbane and myself conjointly; those in 1823, by Sir Thomas Brisbane; and the remainder by myself alone. If one of the stars has north declination, the formula is \( \frac{z - z'}{2} + \frac{\delta' - \delta}{2} = \text{latitude} \). Thus in the mean of the zenith distances of \[ \alpha \text{ Ceti, Procyon, } \alpha \text{ Orionis, and Rigel} \ldots \ldots \ldots z = 35^\circ 48' 59''.56 \quad \text{Declinat. } \delta = 2^\circ 0' 14''.3 \quad \text{N.} \] and the zenith distance of \( \beta \) Argus, 6th Oct. \( z' = 35^\circ 10' 3.08'' \) \[ \delta' = 68^\circ 59' 0.3'' \quad \text{S.} \] \[ \frac{1}{2}(z - z') = 0^\circ 19' 28.24'' \quad \frac{1}{2}(\delta' - \delta) = 33^\circ 29' 22.98'' \] \[ \frac{1}{2}(z' - z) = 0^\circ 19' 28.24'' \] Latitude \( = 33^\circ 48' 51.22'' \) The mean of the zenith distances of the Tropic of Capricorn is \( \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots z = 10^\circ 21' 1''.31 \quad \text{Obliquity } \delta = 23^\circ 27' 44.58'' \quad \text{N.} \) Zenith distance of Canopus \( \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots z' = 18^\circ 47' 7.61'' \quad \text{Declinat. } \delta' = 52^\circ 36' 8.39'' \quad \text{S.} \) \[ \frac{1}{2}(z' - z) = 4^\circ 13' 3.15'' \quad \frac{1}{2}(\delta' + \delta) = 38^\circ 1' 56.48'' \] \[ \frac{1}{2}(z' - z) = 4^\circ 13' 3.15'' \] Latitude \( = 33^\circ 48' 53.33'' \) The zenith distance of the Tropic of Cancer is \( \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots z = 57^\circ 16' 25.3'' \quad \text{Obliquity } \delta = 23^\circ 27' 44.22'' \quad \text{N.} \) \( \alpha \) Trianguli \( \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots z' = 34^\circ 52' 28.4'' \quad \text{Declinat. } \delta' = 68^\circ 41' 33.44'' \quad \text{S.} \) \[ \frac{1}{2}(z' - z) = 11^\circ 11' 58.4'' \quad \frac{1}{2}(\delta' + \delta) = 22^\circ 36' 54.61'' \] Hence, Latitude \( = 33^\circ 48' 53.03'' \) If one of the stars is below the pole, and the other below the equator, the formula becomes \( \ldots \ldots \ldots \text{Colatitude} = \frac{1}{2}(z' - z) + \frac{1}{2}(\delta' + \delta) \). Thus the zenith distance of Tropic of Cancer \( \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots z = 57^\circ 16' 25.3'' \quad \text{Obliquity } \delta = 23^\circ 27' 44.22'' \) \( \beta \) Argus, S. P. \( \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots z' = 77^\circ 11' 58.2'' \quad \text{Declinat. } \delta' = 68^\circ 59' 2.22'' \) \[ \frac{1}{2}(z' - z) = 9^\circ 57' 46.45'' \quad \frac{1}{2}(\delta' + \delta) = 46^\circ 13' 23.22'' \] Hence, Latitude \( = 33^\circ 48' 50.33'' \) The mean of the latitudes thus found is \( \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots 33^\circ 48' 52.0'' \) 3. Latitude by Reichenbach's Circle without Repetitions. In the following observations, the level has been kept invariably in the same position to the great circle, which has never been revolved about its axis. But the circle has been alternately revolved 180° in azimuth, in order to observe one and the same star on the meridian right and left of the division answering to the zenith. The great circle being at the same time kept by means of the level constantly in the same position to the horizon, so that half the sum of the readings \( R \) and \( L \) is the zenith point, and half their difference the star's zenith distance. | Canopus | 1828. Barom. | Therm. | Readings. | R. | L. | |---------|-------------|--------|-----------|----|----| | July | inches. | | | | | | 4 | 30.152 | 58 | 18 47 5.75° | 341 12 20 | | 6 | 30.02 | 55 | „ 47 0.5 | „ 12 15 | | 9 | 29.74 | 56 | „ 46 55 | „ 12 15 | | 11 | 30.05 | 49.3 | „ 47 1.0 | „ 12 18.5 | | 12 | 29.96 | 52 | „ 47 3.7 | „ 12 10.7 | | 13 | 29.91 | 47.2 | „ 47 0.2 | „ 12 15 | | 14 | 30.05 | 56.0 | „ 46 56.4 | „ 12 12.0 | | 16 | 29.703 | 65.6 | „ 46 23.2 | „ 12 38.0 | | 17 | 29.85 | 64.5 | „ 46 36.0 | „ 12 33.0 | | 18 | 30.025 | 55 | „ 46 48.9 | „ 12 31.0 | | 20 | 29.622 | 55.8 | „ 46 39.0 | „ 12 32.5 | | 21 | 29.60 | 56.2 | „ 46 43.0 | „ 12 32.5 | | 22 | 29.94 | 54.5 | „ 46 34.0 | „ 12 31.0 | | 23 | 30.15 | 50.7 | „ 46 33.5 | „ 12 30.5 | | 24 | 30.07 | 48.5 | „ 46 34.0 | „ 12 31.0 | | 25 | 30.21 | 52 | „ 46 39.0 | „ 12 32.5 | | 28 | 30.24 | 47 | „ 46 34.0 | „ 12 31.0 | | 30 | 30.26 | 45.5 | „ 46 33.5 | „ 12 30.5 | | Aug. 1 | 30.25 | 53 | „ 46 34.0 | „ 12 31.0 | | 2 | 30.25 | 49.4 | „ 46 33.5 | „ 12 30.5 | | 3 | 30.233 | 47.5 | „ 46 34.0 | „ 12 31.0 | | 11 | 30.18 | 49.3 | „ 46 33.5 | „ 12 30.5 | | 13 | 30.062 | 50 | „ 46 34.0 | „ 12 31.0 | | 14 | 29.87 | 50.8 | „ 46 33.5 | „ 12 30.5 | | 15 | 29.62 | 57.0 | „ 46 34.0 | „ 12 31.0 | | 16 | 29.65 | 57.3 | „ 46 34.0 | „ 12 31.0 | | 19 | 30.102 | 47.2 | „ 46 33.5 | „ 12 30.5 | | 20 | 30.09 | 48 | „ 46 34.0 | „ 12 31.0 | | July | 29.956 | 53.4 | 18 46 47.81° | 341 12 24.12 | | 27 | 30.04 | 52.1 | „ + 19.4 | „ - 19.4 | | Refraction | „ | „ | „ | „ | | Sirius | 1828. Barom. | Therm. | Readings. | R. | L. | |--------|-------------|--------|-----------|----|----| | July | inches. | | | | | | 11 | 30.05 | 49.3 | „ | 17 18 24.5 | | 12 | 29.96 | 52 | „ | 342 40 35 | | 13 | 29.91 | 47.2 | „ | 40 34.5 | | 14 | 30.05 | 56.0 | „ | „ 38.0 | | 15 | 29.99 | 57.0 | „ | „ 34.5 | | 16 | 29.703 | 65.6 | „ | „ 39.0 | | 17 | 29.85 | 64.5 | „ | „ 46 | | 18 | 30.02 | 55 | „ | „ 30 | | 20 | 29.62 | 55.3 | „ | „ 25.2 | | 21 | 29.60 | 56.5 | „ | „ 37.5 | | 22 | 29.94 | 54.5 | „ | „ 32.2 | | 23 | 30.15 | 50.7 | „ | „ 8.3 | | 25 | 30.21 | 53.7 | „ | „ 45.0 | | 26 | 30.38 | 55 | „ | „ 51.5 | | 27 | 30.24 | 47.0 | „ | „ 40.0 | | 30 | 30.26 | 46 | „ | „ 50 | | 31 | 30.24 | 49.3 | „ | „ 26 | | Aug. 1 | 30.25 | 51.3 | „ | „ 42 | | 2 | 30.23 | 49 | „ | „ 53.8 | | 3 | 30.25 | 49.4 | „ | „ 29.2 | | 13 | 30.06 | 50 | „ | „ 15.5 | | 14 | 29.87 | 51 | „ | „ 27.5 | | 15 | 29.62 | 57 | „ | „ 52 | | 16 | 29.65 | 57.3 | „ | „ 18.7 | | 19 | 30.10 | 47.2 | „ | „ 39 57.7 | | 20 | 30.09 | 48.0 | „ | „ 52.0 | | July | 29.972 | 53.1 | 342 40 26.55° | 17 18 44.33 | | 28 | 30.074 | 52.7 | „ | „ 17.91 | | Refraction | „ | „ | „ | „ 17.97 | | True Meridian Zenith Distance | „ 342 40 8.64° | 17 19 2.3 | | Declinat. from Nautical Almanac | „ 17 19 26.83° | 16 29 17.7 | | Latitude = 33 48 44.1° | Zenith = -24.53° | \(\frac{1}{2}\) Differ. = true Mer. Zen. Dist. = 18 47 31.25° True Declination = 52 36 15.35° Latitude = 33 48 44.1° Zenith = -24.53° ### α Eridani | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Readings | |--------|--------|--------|----------| | July 6 | | | | | 12 | 30.05 | 36.5 | 335 42 20.0 | | 13 | 29.93 | 37.5 | | | 14 | 29.91 | 33.0 | 24 16 36.5 | | 18 | 29.56 | 41.0 | | | 20 | 29.99 | 39.0 | | | Supplement of L.. | 24 16 36.2 | 335 42 24.6 | | Half Sum | 24 17 5.8 | | Refraction | 24 17 32.65 | | True Declination | 58 6 19.5 | | Latitude | 33 48 47.0 | ### Aldebaran | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Readings | |--------|--------|--------|----------| | July 18| | | | | 20 | 30.02 | 45.2 | 310 2 12.0 | | 22 | 29.62 | 55.3 | | | 23 | 29.94 | 48.0 | 49 56 34.3 | | 24 | 30.15 | 41.2 | | | 25 | 30.07 | 41.3 | | | Aug. 1 | 30.23 | 34.5 | | | July 23| | | | | 29.99 | 45.4 | 49 56 39.1 | | Zenith—30.0 | 49 57 49.0 | Hence true Meridian Zenith Dist. 49° 58' 18.9" Declin. 16° 9' 17".8. Lat. 33° 49' 1".1 ### Canopus | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Readings | |--------|--------|--------|----------| | Sept. 8| | | | | 9 | 29.90 | 56 | 18 46 25.4 | | 10 | 29.86 | 55.4 | | | 11 | 30.00 | 44.5 | | | 15 | 29.84 | 46 | | | 23 | 30.30 | 50 | | | 24 | 30.35 | 60 | | | 25 | 30.35 | 52 | | | 26 | 30.17 | 48 | | | 31 | 29.88 | 56 | | | Sept. 18| | | | | 30.093 | 53.1 | 18 46 28.3 | 341 12 28.7 | | Supplement of L.. | 18 47 28.7 | | Half Sum | 18 46 58.5 | | Refraction | + 19.6 | | True Mer. Zen.Dist. | 18 47 18.1 | | True S. Pol. Dist. | 37 23 52.6 | | Latitude | 33 48 49.3 | | Zenith | " 30.2 | ### β Argus | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Readings | |--------|--------|--------|----------| | Sept. 9| | | | | 10 | 29.864 | 55.4 | 324 48 12.7 | | 11 | 30.04 | 54.5 | | | 15 | 29.84 | 63.3 | | | 17 | 30.10 | 57 | | | 25 | 30.37 | 66.5 | | | 27 | 30.05 | 65.5 | | | 28 | 29.92 | 71.7 | | | Oct. 1 | | | | | 29.50 | 66 | | | 30.18 | 57 | | | 30.16 | 56 | | | Sept. 21| | | | | 30.09 | 60.7 | 35 10 41.95 | | Supplement of L.. | 35 11 43.36 | | Refraction | 35 11 12.65 | | True Mer. Zen.Dist. | 35 11 52.94 | | True Declination | 69 0 38.55 | | Latitude | 33 48 45.61 | | Zenith | " 30.7 | Latitude by a mean of these Observations = 33° 48' 48".55 MDCCCXXIX. Remarks.—These results are somewhat contradictory to the last, the southern stars giving rather less for latitude than the northern, which would prove that the zenith distances had been observed too great. When a method leaves us in uncertainty, we must resort to another that is independent of those errors that vitiated the former. One of the effects of gravity is, that it causes eccentricity in the repeating circle when used in the manner last described, by depressing the small circle, which carries the tube, below the centre of the great circle's division; so that the optical axes, or radii of the double zenith distances, are removed downwards parallel to themselves, and thus subtending a greater arc of the limb, make the observed zenith distance too great. The observations alternately direct and by reflection, are free of these errors, for the displaced vertex of the observed arc remains in the diameter that is parallax to its chord. In the preceding observations, the refraction corresponding to the mean height of the barometer and thermometer has been applied to the mean of the zenith distances. There is no error in this, the change of the refraction being in all tables assumed proportional to that of the barometer and thermometer in so small limits. But I have also employed the true south polar distance corresponding to the mean date, instead of correcting it for each particular day. The error thence resulting is within the probable limits of the steadiness of the level, from its being differently influenced by temperature on different days. IV. Latitude by Observations alternately direct, and by Reflection from Mercury. 1. Observations of the Sun with the Mural Circle near the Southern Solstice, December 1827. | Limb | 1827. | Barom. | Therm. | Observation. | Microscopes. | Refr. | Parall. | |------|-------|--------|--------|--------------|-------------|-------|---------| | | | inches.| | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | L | Dec. 25 | 29.71 | 102 | direct | 67° 4' 31.6" | 4° 48.6" | 4° 46.5" | 4° 45.8" | 9.53" | 1.6" | | L | 28 | 30.03 | 83.3 | direct | 67° 10' 22.2" | 10° 25.6" | 10° 18.3" | 10° 28.0" | 10.19" | 1.6" | | L | Jan. 1 | 30.05 | 85 | by reflection.| 225° 26' 50.0" | 26° 58.0" | 27° 7.5" | 26° 50.3" | 10.4" | 1.65" | | U | 2 | 30.044| 89 | by reflection.| 225° 54' 47.0" | 54° 58.0" | 55° 1.0" | 54° 53.3" | 9.83" | 1.6" | | L | 4 | 30.114| 86 | by reflection.| 225° 11' 13.7" | 11° 24.7" | 11° 30.3" | 11° 20.5" | 10.70" | 1.7" | | L | 10 | 29.758| 80 | direct | 68° 22' 38.9" | 22° 54.5" | 22° 49.8" | 22° 52.3" | 11.40" | 1.8" | ### Reduction. | Date | Mean of Four Microscopes | Refr. Paral. | Semidiameter | Reduction to Solstice | Corr. for Sun's Lat. | South Pol. Distance per Microscope | |----------|--------------------------|--------------|--------------|----------------------|---------------------|-----------------------------------| | Dec.25 | 67°4'43.1" | 7.93 | 16°17'67" | 0°1'29.78 | -0.36 | 66°47"3.29 | | | | | | | +0.05 | | | | | | | | +0.30 | | | Jan.1 | 22°26'56.4" | 8.75 | 16°17.8 | 21°23.26 | -0.61 | 22°4'28.1 | | | | | | | -0.70 | | | | | | | | -0.78 | | Mean...... 66°46'59.04 Half Difference = true Altitude = 79°38'42.59" of Tropic. Apparent Obliquity 23°27'34.7" Latitude 33°48'52.1" ### 2. Southern Solstice, December 1828, observed alternately direct and by Reflection, with the Mural Circle. | Date | South Polar Distance of Tropic from the Zero of the Circle per Microscope | Refract. Parallel applied. | South Polar Distance of Tropic from the Zero of the Circle per Microscope | |----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Dec.13 | 66°46'44.7" | | | | | 46°59.7" | | | | | 46°53.7" | | | | | 46°56.5" | | | | | 8.8 | | | | Dec.14 | 31.2 | | | | | 53.0 | | | | | 41.5 | | | | | 45.2 | | | | | 8.2 | | | | Dec.15 | 40.03 | | | | | 49.33 | | | | | 41.03 | | | | | 52.03 | | | | | 7.6 | | | | Dec.16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7.6 | | | | Dec.17 | 42.2 | | | | | 47.4 | | | | | 37.2 | | | | | 40.4 | | | | | 7.5 | | | | Dec.18 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8.1 | | | | Dec.19 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8.1 | | | | Dec.20 | 38.7 | | | | | 48.6 | | | | | 43.2 | | | | | 45.6 | | | | | 7.4 | | | | Dec.21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7.8 | | | | Mean | 66°46'39.31" | | | | | 46°51.6" | | | | | 46°43.3" | | | | | 46°47.94" | | | | | 226°4'8.4" | | | | | 4°13.0" | | | | | 4°18.7" | | | | | 4°12.1" | | | | Half Differ. | 79°33'44.55" | | | | Apparent Obliquity | ........................................... = 23°27'33.1" | | | | Latitude | 33°48'49.35" | | | **Remarks.**—The same Reductions to Solstice and Corr. for Sun’s Latitude as above, have been applied to the following, but no Correction for Polar point. 3. Southern Solstice, December 1828, observed alternately direct and by Reflection, with the Repeating Circle. | 1828 | True Zenith Distance of Sun's apparent place | Reduction to Solstice | Correction for Sun's Latitude | True Zenith Distance of Tropic of Capricorn | |------|---------------------------------------------|-----------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------| | Dec. 14 | 10° 35' 17.34" | -14" 2.37" | -0.32" | 10° 21' 14.65" | | 15 | 31° 53.9" | 10° 38.92" | -0.19" | 21° 14.80" | | 16 | 29° 1.96" | 7° 43.36" | -0.05" | 21° 18.55" | | 17 | 26° 34.9" | 5° 15.73" | +0.08" | 19° 25" | | 18 | 24° 29.9" | 3° 16.41" | 0.24" | 13° 73" | | 19 | 22° 56.43" | 1° 45.20" | 0.38" | 11° 61" | | 20 | 21° 54.93" | 42.15" | 0.50" | 13° 28" | | 21 | 21° 19.77" | 7.48" | 0.59" | 12° 88" | Both Nutations ........................................... 10° 21' 14.83" -9.8" Mean Zenith Distance of Tropic of Capricorn 10° 21' 5.03" Mean Obliquity ........................................... 23° 27' 42.78" Latitude .................................................. 33° 48' 47.81" Latitude of the Observatory, by Observations direct and by Reflection, of Stars made with the Mural Circle. Sirius. | 1823 | Barom. | Therm. | Observations | Micrometer not corrected | Refraction | |------|--------|--------|--------------|--------------------------|-----------| | Feb. 17 | inches. | ° | direct | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | 18 | 29.92 | 70.2 | 111° 26' 16.49" | 27° 14.2" | 26° 55.7" | 26° 38.9" | " | | 18 | 29.97 | 71.0 | by reflect. | 256° 46' 56.5" | 47° 49.4" | 47° 47.5" | 47° 26.9" | Horizon = half Sum .................. 184° 6' 36.5" Apparent altitude = half Differ... 72° 40' 20.0" Mean of the 4 Microscopes ........... 72° 40' 21.9" Refraction ......................... - 16.3" True Altitude ....................... 72° 40' 5.6" True Declination .................... 16° 28' 50.6" Latitude ............................. 33° 48' 45.0" Canopus (Mean of several Observations about February 21). | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Observations | Micrometer not corrected | Refraction | |------|--------|--------|--------------|--------------------------|------------| | 1823 | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | | Feb. 21 | inches. | 69.3 | direct by reflect. | 75° 19' 27.8" | 20° 22' 19" 57.4" | 19° 47.1" 18.9" | | | 30.00 | 74.5 | | 292 53 49 | 54 38.7 | 54 25.3 | 54 11.8 | 18.5 | | Half sum = Horizon | 184° 6' 38.1" | 7° 30.1" | 7° 11.15" | 6° 59.2" | | Half Diff. = Altitude | 71° 12' 49.4" | 12° 51.65" | 12° 46.05" | 12° 47.65" | From Mean of 4 Microscopes. True Alt. 71° 12' 29".99. True Dec. 52° 36' 20".75. Lat. 33° 48' 50".7. 2 α Centauri and β Centauri. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Star observed | S. Pol. Dist. corrected for Polar point | |------|--------|--------|---------------|---------------------------------------| | 1826 | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | June 20 | inches. | 43 | β Centauri by reflect. | 261° 53' 53.6" | 53° 46.2" | 54° 2.0" | 54° 7.5" | | | 30.02 | 42 | 2 α Centauri by reflect. | 262 28 36.6 | 28 42.2 | 28 49.5 | 28 48.1 | | 21 | 29.80 | 58 | β Centauri direct | 30° 28' 21.1" | 28° 19.9" | 28° 23.7" | 28° 20.6" | | | | 57.5 | 2 α Centauri direct | 29° 53' 32.1" | 53° 28.2" | 53° 35.7" | 53° 29.9" | | 22 | 29.93 | 53 | β Centauri by reflect. | 261° 53' 52.6" | 54° 0.2" | 53° 58.7" | 54° 0.4" | | | | 47 | 2 α Centauri | 262 28 39.6 | 28 46.7 | 28 46.5 | 28 46.4 | | 23 | 29.98 | 44 | β Centauri direct | 30° 28' 23.6" | 28° 16.2" | 28° 29.5" | 28° 22.6" | | | | | 2 α Centauri | 29° 53' 30.6" | 53° 30.2" | 53° 36.5" | 53° 34.4" | | 24 | 29.70 | 48 | β Centauri by reflect. | 261° 53' 54.6" | 53° 58.2" | 54° 3.9" | 54° 3.0" | | | | 47 | 2 α Centauri | 262 28 38.6 | 28 39.2 | 28 46.7 | 28 48.5 | Hence mean of the Observat. of β Centauri direct | 29.89 | 51 | 30° 28' 22.13" | Do. Do. Do. by reflect | 29.88 | 48 | 261° 53' 58.4" | Half Sum = Horizon | 326° 11' 10.25" | Supplement = Latitude | 33° 48' 49.75" | Hence mean of the Observat. of 2 α Centauri direct | 29.89 | 51 | 29° 53' 32.7" | Do. Do. Do. by reflect | 29.88 | 45.3 | 262 28 44.9 | Half Sum = Horizon | 326° 11' 8.85" | Supplement = Latitude | 33° 48' 51.15" | ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS #### 2 α Centauri. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Stars observed | S. Pol. Dist. corrected for Polar point | Refraction | |--------|--------|--------|----------------|---------------------------------------|------------| | | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | | July 11| inches.| 8° | direct | 30° 34' 17.0" | 34° 9.6" | 34° 16.0" | 34° 18.0" | | | 13 | 29.74 | 43 | | " 34 17.0" | " 8.0 | ......... | ......... | | | 14 | 30.06 | 46.5 | direct | 263° 9 25 | 9 26.0 | 9 31.0 | 9 37.3 | | | 15 | 30.17 | 39.0 | by reflect. | " 9 25 | " 25 | " 28.0 | " 38.3 | | | 17 | 30.13 | 42 | by reflect. | " 9 32 | " 36 | " 33.5 | " 39.0 | | | 19 | 30.08 | 38 | by reflect. | 30° 34 12 | 34° 5.7 | 34° 14.8 | 34° 16.0 | | | 25 | 30.10 | 46 | direct | " 34 17 | " 13.5 | " 18.0 | " 20.5 | | | Mean | 15.3 | | | 29.93 45.4 | 30° 34 15.8" | 34° 9.2" | 34° 16.3" | 34° 13.6" | 28.65 | Half Differ. by a mean of the 4 Microscopes ... 116° 17' 38.8" Middle of the Refraction ....................... " " 28.65 True Zenith Distance ......................... 26° 18' 7.45 Apparent Declination ......................... 60° 6' 54.17 Latitude ........... 33° 48' 46.72 #### Canopus. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Stars observed | S. Pol. Dist. corrected for Polar point | Refraction | |--------|--------|--------|----------------|---------------------------------------|------------| | | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | | March 4| inches.| 8° | direct | 37° 37' 23" | 37° 23" | 37° 36.5" | 37° 30.3" | | | 5 | 29.71 | 66 | by reflect. | 255° 12 14.7" | 12° 36.2" | 12° 32.7" | 12° 35.0" | | | 8 | 29.51 | 66 | by reflect. | " 12 14.7" | 12° 33.0" | 12° 29.0" | 12° 28.4" | | | 11 | 29.92 | 66.5 | by reflect. | " 12 11.0" | 12° 29.3" | 12° 27.7" | 12° 24.2" | | | 12 | 29.98 | 67.2 | direct | 37° 37' 1.8" | 37° 16.0" | 37° 21.6" | 37° 11.0" | | | 13 | 29.88 | 71.0 | by reflect. | 255° 12 14.0" | 12° 33.8" | 12° 26.5" | 12° 3.3" | | | 14 | 29.87 | 77 | direct | 37° 37' 7.3" | 37° 15.0" | 37° 24.3" | 37° 10.3" | | | 16 | 30.19 | 68 | direct | " 37 11.2" | 37° 15.0" | 37° 21.1" | 37° 11.0" | | | 18 | 30.06 | 81 | direct | " 37 7.0 | 37° 13.5" | 37° 25.5" | 37° 13.9" | | | 12.8 | 29.96 | 75.04 | direct | 37° 37' 10.06" | 37° 13.9" | 37° 25.8" | 37° 13.3" | 18.6 | | 9.2 | 29.80 | 66.5 | by reflect. | 255° 12 13.6" | 12° 33.1" | 12° 29.0" | 12° 22.7" | 18.87 | Half Differ. by a mean of the 4 Microscopes ... 108° 47' 34.42" Middle of the Refraction ....................... + 18.7 True Altitude .................................. 108° 47' 53.12 Apparent South Polar Distance .................. 71° 12' 6.88 Latitude ........... 33° 48' 52.2 ### β Crucis | 1826 | Barom. | Therm. | Stars observed. | S. Pol. Dist. corrected for Polar point. | Refraction. | |------|--------|--------|-----------------|----------------------------------------|------------| | | inches.| | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July | 3 | 29.69 | 56 | 31 28 31.5 | 28 33 | 28 | 36.7 | 28 34.5 | | | 5 | 30.134 | 58.5 | " 28 32.0 | 28 35 | 28 | 38.3 | 28 35.0 | | | 6 | 30.20 | 49.2 | " 28 32.2 | 28 34 | 28 | 39.8 | 28 39.0 | | | 10 | 29.815 | 57.0 | by reflect. | 261 20 30.4| 20 | 37.5 | 20 29.0 | 20 41.0 | | | 11 | 30.035 | 48.5 | by reflect. | " 20 25.7 | 20 | 34.3 | 20 27.0 | 20 35.0 | | | 12 | 29.980 | 51 | direct | " 28 34.0 | 28 | 33.0 | 28 37.0 | 28 34.0 | | | 14 | 29.96 | 49 | direct | " 28 32.0 | 28 | 39.2 | 28 36.0 | 28 35.0 | | Means| 8 | 29.993 | 52.74 | direct | 31 28 32.34| 28 | 34.8 | 28 37.6 | 28 35.5 | | | 10.5 | 29.925 | 52.7 | by reflect. | 261 20 28.05| 20 | 35.9 | 20 28.0 | 20 38.0 | Half Difference by a mean of the 4 Microscopes ... 114 55 58.71 Middle of the Refraction ......................... " " 26.96 True Zenith Distance .................. 114 56 25.67 Apparent Declination ............... 24 56 25.67 Latitude ...................... 58 45 13.40 Each of these observations separately gives the points of the division of the mural circle answering to the horizon, so that the latitude may be derived from every observation made at those periods on stars of a known declination. The southern solstice, December 1827, observed alternately direct and by reflection with the repeating circle, whereof the abstract is given page 39, gives for the Mean Zenith Distance of the Tropic of Capricorn ........... 10 21 4.2 Mean Obliquity of the Ecliptic .................................. 23 27 43.3 Latitude ...................... 33 48 47.5 Summing up, therefore, the latitudes found by observations alternately direct and by reflection, we have By Solstice, December 1827, with Repeating Circle ............ 33 48 47.50 Near the same Solstice, six observations with Mural Circle .......... ,, 52.10 Solstice, December 1828, with Repeating Circle .................. ,, 47.81 Ditto Ditto Mural Circle ........................................ ,, 49.35 MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS | Date | Star | Latitude | |------------|---------------|----------| | Feb. 1823 | Sirius | 33° 48' 45.00" | | | Canopus | " | 50.74" | | June 1826 | β Centauri | " | 49.75" | | | 2 α Centauri | " | 51.15" | | July 1826 | 2 α Centauri | " | 46.72" | | March 1828 | Canopus | " | 52.20" | | July 1828 | β Crucis | " | 47.73" | Mean of all the latitudes observed alternately direct and by reflection 33° 48' 49.1" And assembling all the observations for the latitude, we find With Repeating Circle, by repetitions on stars north and south of zenith 33° 48' 51.72" Ditto without repetitions Ditto........... " " 48.55" With Mural and Repeating Circle alternately direct and by reflection " " 49.10" Latitude of the Observatory at Paramatta ..................... 33° 48' 49.79" III. Longitude of the Observatory. The great distance of the meridian of the Observatory at Paramatta from that of any other established Observatory, renders the determination of its longitude more than usually difficult. Corresponding observations of occultations and eclipses cannot be obtained, so that the longitudes deduced from this kind of observations must depend upon the correctness of the lunar tables, and must therefore deviate from the truth considerably more than they would were they compared with corresponding observations. On the same account the uncertainty of the moon's horary motion during intervals of fifteen hours and upwards, must introduce inaccuracies in the longitudes derived from the transits of the moon and stars in her parallel, even if compared with corresponding observations made in Europe. The number of observations instituted for the longitude is, however, sufficiently great to establish this point with nicety when they are all computed. In a geographical view, the longitude of Paramatta and Sydney is well enough known already; and in an astronomical view, the longitude is an object of much less importance than the latitude. 1. Lunar Observations. The following distances of the sun from the moon were observed by Sir THOMAS BRISBANE, K.C.B. and myself, and are carefully calculated upon the hypothesis of \( \frac{1}{3} \) of the earth's flatness. | Year | Apparent Time at Paramatta | Apparent Altitudes Sun's Centre | Apparent Altitudes Moon's Centre | Apparent Distances of Centres | Longitude East from Greenwich | |------|---------------------------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------| | Nov. 15 | h m s | ° ′ ″ | ° ′ ″ | ° ′ ″ | ° ′ ″ | | | 20 15 59.5 | 38 11 6 | 27 9 30 | 98 36 50.3 | 10 4 10.0 | | | 20 23 17.5 | 39 42 0 | 26 10 6 | 34 18.9 | ,, 4 21.0 | | 16 | 19 30 30.9 | 28 50 36 | 41 0 12 | 87 5 37.0 | ,, 3 57.0 | | | 19 34 49.7 | 29 45 2 | 40 41 58 | 87 4 35.0 | ,, 4 24.7 | | 18 | 21 10 45.5 | 49 52 12 | 50 18 26 | 63 56 50.5 | ,, 3 31.0 | | | 21 16 16.5 | 50 59 40 | 49 41 29 | 63 55 36.2 | ,, 4 16.5 | | | 21 43 27.0 | 56 49 2 | 47 35 54 | 63 47 20.5 | ,, 3 11.0 | | 19 | 21 20 53.9 | 52 3 38 | 58 23 9 | 52 52 54.7 | ,, 4 26.9 | | | 21 18 12.4 | 53 32 48 | 57 44 31 | 52 51 1.8 | ,, 5 17.4 | | | 21 35 32.4 | 55 1 00 | 57 4 28 | 52 48 51.0 | ,, 3 26.4 | | | 21 47 39.8 | 57 28 0.0 | 55 41 5 | 52 45 22.5 | ,, 4 3.4 | | | 21 51 47.0 | 58 16 0.0 | 55 16 47 | 52 44 11.0 | ,, 3 0.4 | | | 21 56 41.4 | 59 14 30.0 | 54 39 18 | 52 43 12.0 | ,, 5 1.4 | | | Mean.. | | | | 10 4 5.0 | 2. Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites. 1821. December 8. Emersion of I. Satellite 12\(^h\) 20\(^m\) 25\(^s\).5 Mean Time at Paramatta. 14. ........... II. Satellite 12 5 18.3 1822. January.. 8. ........... II. Satellite 9 11 42.8 9. ........... I. Satellite 9 1 17.2 August .. 16. Immersion. II. Satellite 15 21 44.85 16. ........... I. Satellite 18 16 31.8 December 13. Emersion .. I. Satellite 10 13 55 3. Occultations of fixed Stars and Eclipses of the Sun by the Moon. | Year | Day of the Month | Star's Name | Phase | Mean Time at Paramatta | Year | Day of the Month | Star's Name | Phase | Sidereal Time at Paramatta | |------|-----------------|-------------|-------|------------------------|------|-----------------|-------------|-------|--------------------------| | 1821.| Dec. 14 | Leonis ......| Immers.| 14 47 9.1 | 1826.| Dec. 23 | Spica ........| Immers....| 11 27 42 | | | | | Emersion| 15 45 57.0 | | Nov. 6 | Anon. ........| Immers....| 23 49 20.5 | | | | | Immers..| 8 36 47.0 | | July 17 | Sagittarii ....| Immers....| 19 1 0.0 | | | | | Immers..| 8 46 47.0 | | Oct. 23 | Anon. ........| Immers....| 22 27 20.2 | | 1822.| Jan. 16 | 7.8 Mag. Canceris | Immers..| 16 8 6.9 | 1827.| | | | | | | | 6.7 Canceris | Immers..| 16 54 19.9 | | | | | | | | March 28 | Tauri .......| Immers..| 6 54 30.2 | | | | | | | | | Geminorum ...| Immers..| 9 19 28.5 | | | | | | | | April 1 | Anon. .......| Immers..| 8 58 21.8 | | | | | | | | | Antares ......| Immers..| 18 35 47.4 | | | | | | | | | | Emersion| 19 14 27.9 | | | | | | | | July 11 | 5.6 Mag. .....| Immers..| 2 1 0.4 | | | | | | | | Aug. 16 | Sun ..........| Beginning| 19 35 36.32 | | | | | | | | | | End .....| 22 8 40.6 | | | | | | | | Oct. 22 | Sagittarii ...| Immers..| 22 29 9.8 | | | | | | | | Jan. 20 | Arietis ......| Immers..| 5 47 55.75 | | | | | | | | Feb. 4 | Antares ......| Immers..| 17 56 9.88 | | | | | | | | March 21 | Geminorum ...| Immers..| 9 52 11.6 | | | | | | Occultation of Jupiter by the Moon. | Phase | Sidereal Time at Paramatta | |-------|---------------------------| | 4th Satellite | Cloudy. | | 3rd Satellite | 12 47 28.5 | | 2nd Satellite | 50 36.5 | | 1st Limb of 4 | 54 31.5 | | 1st Satellite | 55 56.5 | | 2nd Limb of 4 | 56 33.8 | | 1st Limb of 4 | 14 5 19.5 | | 2nd Limb of 4 | 7 30.5 | It was too cloudy during the Emersion to see the Satellites. Oct. 8 Sun ..................| { Begin. | 21 0 37.0 | End ... | 22 50 13.8 | MDCCCXXIX. Micrometrical Mensurations during the Solar Eclipse's Transit of ¥ &c. &c. Eclipse of the Sun observed August 16, 1822, at Paramatta. | Sidereal Time | Chord | |---------------|-------| | h m s | | | 7 6 40 | 25 57 | | ” 7 46 | 25 46 | | ” 8 21 | 25 37 | | ” 9 9 | 25 17 | | ” 10 4 | 25 10 | | ” 11 1 | 24 54 | | ” 12 1 | 24 35 | | ” 13 55 | 24 17 | | ” 14 58 | 23 55 | | ” 15 38 | 23 36 | | ” 17 20 | 22 58 | | ” 18 16 | 22 46 | | ” 18 53 | 22 33 | | ” 19 46 | 22 22 | | ” 20 16 | 22 11 | | ” 20 49 | 22 0 | | ” 21 37 | 21 43 | | ” 22 15 | 21 30 | | ” 23 20 | 21 10 | | ” 24 55 | 20 25 | | ” 25 55 | 19 59 | | ” 26 48 | 19 45 | | ” 27 33 | 19 25 | | ” 28 18 | 19 15 | | ” 30 28 | 18 40 | | ” 30 4 | 18 19 | | ” 31 7 | 17 54 | | ” 31 50 | 17 29 | | ” 32 51 | 16 58 | | ” 33 47 | 16 34 | | ” 35 34 | 15 55 | | ” 35 50 | 15 24.5| | ” 37 37 | 14 15.5| | ” 38 17 | 13 47.5| | ” 38 57 | 13 18 | | ” 39 46 | 12 55 | | ” 40 28 | 12 16.7| | ” 41 5 | 11 45.3| | ” 41 38 | 11 10.1| | ” 42 12 | 10 33.5| | ” 42 45 | 10 4.8 | | ” 43 22 | 9 26.2 | | ” 43 58 | 8 54.2 | | ” 44 39 | 8 0.7 | Measurement of the Difference Dd of Declination between the Sun’s and Moon’s Southern Limbs. | Sidereal Time | Dd | |---------------|------| | h m s | | | 6 2 53 | 13 39.6 | | ” 4 9 | 13 25.2 | | ” 4 50 | 13 15.5 | | ” 5 23 | 13 6.4 | | ” 6 2 | 13 6.4 | | ” 6 45 | 12 56.5 | | ” 7 14 | 12 49.3 | | ” 7 47 | 12 43.4 | | ” 8 25 | 12 42.8 | | ” 9 6 | 12 25.8 | | ” 10 11 | 12 18.0 | | ” 10 54 | 12 8.2 | | ” 11 31 | 11 58.4 | | ” 12 15 | 11 46.7 | | ” 12 49 | 11 45.5 | | ” 13 34 | 11 31.6 | | ” 14 31 | 11 23.8 | | ” 15 14.0 | 11 14.0 | | ” 15 51 | 11 13.4 | | ” 16 42 | 11 1.0 | | ” 17 31 | 10 49.9 | | ” 18 9 | 10 42.6 | | ” 18 52 | 10 29.9 | | ” 19 27 | 10 29.6 | | ” 20 1 | 10 18.7 | | ” 20 56 | 10 13.3 | | ” 21 46 | 10 5.4 | | ” 22 14.0 | 9 55 | This eclipse will have been total at Cape Bedford in lat. 15° 27' S. and long. 145° 30' E. ### Solar Eclipse, October 8, 1828. **Beginning** 21 1 37 uncertain **End** 22 50 13.8 Mean Time at Paramatta. | Mean Time at Paramatta | Chord in Area | |------------------------|--------------| | h m s | | | 21 6 1 | 8 31.37 | | " 8 26 | 9 14.47 | | " 9 7 | 36.02 | | " 9 50 | 46.50 | | " 10 22 | 10 17.17 | | " 10 57 | 30.89 | | " 11 24 | 48.85 | | " 11 55 | 56.36 | | " 12 24 | 11 11.37 | | " 12 55 | 29.66 | | " 14 8 | 55.78 | | " 14 59 | 55.78 | | " 15 34 | 12 23.21 | | " 16 10 | 39.54 | | " 17 2 | 13 5.00 | | " 17 40 | 5.0 | | " 18 10 | 15.47 | | " 19 5 | 34.41 | | " 20 19 | 57.27 | | " 21 4 | 14 3.78 | | " 21 38 | 7.7 | | " 22 57 | 41.66 | | " 23 36 | 41.66 | | " 24 19 | 50.17 | | " 25 0 | 15 9.75 | | " 25 26 | 9.75 | | " 26 7 | 22.15 | | " 26 56 | 39.14 | | " 27 42 | 35.22 | | " 30 47 | 16 17.01 | | " 32 7 | 18.32 | | " 33 12 | 20.94 | | " 33 52 | 27.46 | | " 35 22 | 39.89 | | " 35 47 | 43.79 | | Mean Time at Paramatta | Chord in Area | |------------------------|--------------| | h m s | | | 21 36 14 | 17 2.07 | | " 36 45 | 2.07 | | " 37 21 | 2.73 | | " 37 47 | 2.63 | | " 38 27 | 5.35 | | " 39 4 | 5.35 | | " 39 39 | 4.05 | | " 40 18 | 15.79 | | " 40 47 | 15.79 | | " 41 4 | 15.14 | | " 41 37 | 17.74 | | " 42 29 | 34.07 | | " 43 4 | 31.48 | | " 43 35 | 33.42 | | " 44 23 | 28.87 | | " 45 59 | 30.83 | | " 46 37 | 37.35 | | " 47 14 | 40.62 | | " 47 47 | 40.62 | | " 48 29 | 40.62 | | " 49 12 | 43.22 | | " 49 44 | 49.99 | | " 50 26 | 50.41 | | " 51 15 | 45.2 | | " 51 42 | 45.18 | | " 52 37 | 47.80 | | " 53 49 | 51.72 | | " 54 28 | 45.84 | | " 55 7 | 47.80 | | " 55 39 | 47.80 | | " 56 24 | 47.8 | | " 57 17 | 47.8 | | " 57 53 | 47.14 | | " 58 40 | 39.31 | | " 59 12 | 39.96 | | " 59 57 | 39.96 | | " 60 17 | 37.36 | | " 60 42 | 37.36 | | " 61 27 | 37.36 | | " 62 30 | 36.70 | | " 63 4 | 36.70 | | " 63 52 | 32.79 | | " 64 2 | 36.70 | | " 64 58 | 30.17 | | " 65 19 | 20.38 | | " 66 45 | 21.00 | | " 67 18 | 21.0 | | " 67 52 | 16.46 | | " 68 12 | 16.46 | | " 68 57 | 9.27 | | " 69 30 | 0.12 | | " 70 0 | 0.12 | | " 70 25 | 16 55.55 | | " 71 0 | 55.55 | | " 71 52 | 49.02 | | " 72 22 | 49.02 | | " 72 59 | 36.60 | | " 73 35 | 31.38 | | " 74 15 | 31.38 | | " 74 52 | 32 52 | | " 75 28 | 33 28 | | " 76 59 | 35 25 | | " 77 15 | 35 49 | | " 77 47 | 37 47 | | " 78 12 | 32 10 | | " 78 57 | 49.35 | | " 79 54 | 39.54 | | " 80 1 | 1.01 | | " 80 49 | 11 35.54 | | " 81 15 | 21.16 | | " 81 52 | 40 11 | | " 82 28 | 40 0 | | " 82 59 | 42 12 | | " 83 25 | 43 17 | | " 83 54 | 24.26 | | " 84 38 | 8 32.03 | | Mean Time at Paramatta | Chord in Area | |------------------------|--------------| | h m s | | | 21 59 36 | 17 39.96 | | " 22 50 17 | 37.36 | | " 22 50 42 | 37.36 | | " 22 51 27 | 37.36 | | " 22 52 30 | 36.70 | | " 22 53 4 | 36.70 | | " 22 54 52 | 32.79 | | " 22 55 2 | 36.70 | | " 22 56 48 | 30.17 | | " 22 57 19 | 20.38 | | " 22 58 45 | 21.00 | | " 22 59 18 | 21.0 | | " 22 59 52 | 16.46 | | " 22 60 12 | 16.46 | | " 22 60 57 | 9.27 | | " 22 61 30 | 0.12 | | " 22 62 0 | 0.12 | | " 22 62 25 | 16 55.55 | | " 22 63 10 | 55.55 | | " 22 63 52 | 49.02 | | " 22 64 22 | 49.02 | | " 22 65 59 | 36.60 | | " 22 66 35 | 31.38 | | " 22 67 15 | 31.38 | | " 22 67 52 | 32 52 | | " 22 68 28 | 33 28 | | " 22 69 59 | 35 25 | | " 22 70 15 | 35 49 | | " 22 70 47 | 37 47 | | " 22 71 12 | 32 10 | | " 22 71 57 | 49.35 | | " 22 72 54 | 39.54 | | " 22 73 1 | 1.01 | | " 22 73 49 | 11 35.54 | | " 22 74 15 | 21.16 | | " 22 74 52 | 40 11 | | " 22 75 28 | 40 0 | | " 22 75 59 | 42 12 | | " 22 76 25 | 43 17 | | " 22 76 54 | 24.26 | | " 22 77 38 | 8 32.03 | MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS Remarks on the preceding Eclipse. Before the end of the eclipse I distinctly saw, on that part of the sun from which the moon parted, this appearance, which could have only arisen from projecting points on the moon's surface. The vanishing of the last black spot A was equal to the immersion of a fixed star. Owing to the oblique direction in which the moon traversed the sun, the diminution of the shade was very slow, so that this eclipse is not well qualified for deducing the geographic longitude, which would be greatly influenced by any small error of the moon's tables in latitude, or an erroneous assumption of the ratio of the earth's axes. Whereas, on the contrary, this ratio might with considerable accuracy be deduced from the preceding micrometrical measurements, if compared with any corresponding observations made in any part of Asia. I take this opportunity of recording the transit of Mercury over the sun's disk, as observed by me the 5th November, 1822. | Immersion of ¥'s first limb | 13 59 27.0 | | Complete Immersion | 14 2 8 | | The sun's centre passed over the meridian at | 14 38 39.41 | | Mercury culminated | 14 38 29.9 | Emersion of first limb | 16 44 23 | Complete Emersion | 16 47 22 | Sid. Time. The declination of ¥ observed with the mural circle whilst the planet passed upon the sun's disk over the meridian was, \[ \frac{15}{\text{Refraction}} = \frac{43}{49.24} - 17.80 \] Parallax is not applied. I subjoin the micrometrical observations; first in right ascension, or the passages over the middle wire of the micrometer of the sun's limb and centre of ¥ in sidereal time. | Sun's 1st Limb. | Mercury. | Sun's 2d L. | Sun's 1st Limb. | Mercury. | Sun's 2d L. | Sun's 1st Limb. | Mercury. | Sun's 2d L. | |-----------------|----------|-------------|-----------------|----------|-------------|-----------------|----------|-------------| | h m s | m s | m s | h m s | m s | m s | h m s | m s | m s | | 14 2 4.65 | 3 58 | 5 2.5 | 14 27 40 | 28 42.5 | 29 55.5 | 15 8 30.7 | 9 18.2 | 10 46.2 | | ,, 5 56.5 | 7 7 | 8 12.5 | ,, 44 2.7 | 44 58.5 | 46 27.7 | ,, 11 50.2 | 12 37.7 | | | ,, 8 46.5 | 9 56 | 11 2.0 | ,, 47 10 | 48 5.0 | 49 26.0 | ,, 15 13.7 | 15 59.2 | 17 30.2 | | ,, 11 43.5 | 12 52 | 13 59.5 | ,, 49 55 | 50 50 | 52 11 | ,, 18 12.7 | 18 56.7 | | | ,, 14 51.2 | 15 58.5 | 17 6.5 | ,, 55 4.3 | 50 57 | 57 19.7 | ,, 21 59.9 | 22 42.7 | | | ,, 17 45 | 18 51 | 20 0.5 | ,, 57 58.7 | 58 50.7 | 0 14.7 | ,, 24 18.2 | 25 0.7 | | | ,, 22 39.7 | 23 46 | | ,, 15 0 57.2 | 1 48.2 | 3 12.7 | ,, 26 42.4 | 28 23.9 | | | ,, 24 31 | 25 35 | 26 46.5 | ,, 5 25.7 | 6 14.7 | 7 41.2 | | | | ### Differences of Declinations of the Planet and Sun's Southern Limb. | Sidereal Time | Diff. of Declin. | Sidereal Time | Diff. of Declin. | Sidereal Time | Diff. of Declin. | Sider. Time | Diff. of Declin. | Sider. Time | Diff. of Declin. | |---------------|-----------------|---------------|-----------------|---------------|-----------------|-------------|-----------------|-------------|-----------------| | h m s | | h m s | | h m s | | h m s | | h m s | | | 14 5 56.5 | 23.84 | 14 48 30 | 2 10.4 | 15 22 18 | 3 44.1 | 15 51 56 | 4 58.3 | 16 23 7 | 6 9.5 | | " 7 7 | 30.82 | " 50 25 | 2 13.5 | " 23 4 | 3 42.8 | " 53 16 | 4 52.5 | " 24 39 | 6 16.0 | | " 9 2 | 31.49 | " 51 11 | 2 11.4 | " 24 17.5 | 3 38.0 | " 55 20 | 5 5.9 | " 25 5 | 6 13.7 | | " 12 2 | 35.85 | " 53 10 | 2 24.0 | " 25 41 | 3 50.1 | " 57 13 | 5 14.1 | " 26 41 | 6 19.9 | | " 12 36 | 40.69 | " 53 51 | 2 23.4 | " 26 41.7 | 3 46.4 | " 59 39 | 5 12.6 | " 28 41 | 6 32.3 | | " 13 12 | 42.78 | " 54 22 | 2 24.5 | " 27 48 | 3 49.3 | " 16 0 | 15 5 18.7 | " 29 14 | 6 31.1 | | " 15 26 | 42.25 | " 55 29 | 2 38.2 | " 28 36.6 | 3 50.5 | " 1 55 | 5 25.5 | " 30 31 | 6 28.1 | | " 16 24 | 43.11 | " 56 30 | 2 36.0 | " 31 12 | 4 2.8 | " 2 22 | 5 26.7 | " 31 4 | 6 29.1 | | " 18 4 | 52.25 | " 59 24 | 2 41.5 | " 31 55 | 4 4.1 | " 4 14 | 5 32.1 | " 32 36 | 6 35.5 | | " 18 28 | 55.51 | " 15 15 | 2 44.5 | " 33 13 | 4 10.0 | " 4 47 | 5 31.3 | " 36 39 | 6 47.6 | | " 19 10 | 1 0.28 | " 2 8 | 2 44.6 | " 33 52 | 4 11.1 | " 6 32 | 5 25.4 | " 37 39 | 6 54.8 | | " 21 12 | 1 3.35 | " 5 26 | 2 57.8 | " 34 24 | 4 14.8 | " 8 44 | 5 37.1 | " 38 19 | 6 57.5 | | " 23 2 | 1 16.09 | " 6 36 | 3 0.2 | " 36 7 | 4 16.5 | " 12 9 | 5 45.0 | " 39 5 | 6 55.9 | | " 24 54 | 1 10.34 | " 8 31 | 3 4.8 | " 36 51 | 4 17.5 | " 14 6 | 5 51.8 | " 39 44 | 7 1.3 | | " 26 4 | 1 14.45 | " 9 40 | 3 7.6 | " 39 3 | 4 19.7 | " 15 49 | 5 59.0 | " 40 31 | 7 2.3 | | " 27 59.7 | 1 21.12 | " 12 10 | 3 20.7 | " 40 58 | 4 29.3 | " 16 21 | 6 0.0 | " 41 13 | 7 2.5 | | " 29 0.7 | 1 25.42 | " 13 11 | 3 21.4 | " 41 14 | 4 29.9 | " 18 6 | 5 56.7 | " 41 58 | 7 8.4 | | " 44 18.7 | 1 59.2 | " 15 14 | 3 18.7 | " 43 15 | 4 35.4 | " 18 32 | 5 58.9 | " 42 26 | 7 8.4 | | " 45 17 | 2 2.0 | " 16 18 | 3 21.7 | " 43 52 | 4 35.9 | " 20 16 | 6 9.5 | " | | | " 46 51 | 2 2.2 | " 18 12 | 3 28.1 | " 47 16 | 4 44.6 | " 20 45 | 6 12.0 | " | | | " 47 32 | 2 9.9 | " 19 23 | 3 25.9 | " 49 47 | 4 49.3 | " 22 33 | 6 11.6 | " | | --- **Sun's 1st Limb. Mercury.** | h m s | h m s | h m s | h m s | h m s | h m s | h m s | h m s | |-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | 15 28 37.3 | 29 17.7 | 15 48 53.5 | 49 26 | 16 1 3.0 | 1 31.2 | 16 13 18.5 | 13 42.5 | | " 32 56 | 33 35 | " 51 9.5 | 51 41.5 | " 3 29.3 | 3 57.0 | " 15 9.2 | 15 32.2 | | " 35 45.2 | 36 22.5 | " 51 28.2 | 53 0.5 | " 5 49.7 | 6 16.5 | " 17 28.8 | 17 51.1 | | " 38 49.0 | 40 25.5 | " 54 34 | 55 4.7 | " 7 57.8 | 8 23.5 | " 19 31.2 | 19 53.2 | | " 44 35.5 | 45 10.0 | " 56 19.5 | 56 49.5 | " 11 23.5 | 11 48.3 | " 23 56.1 | 24 16.1 | | " 45 22.5 | 46 56.5 | " 58 54.5 | 59 23.9 | " | " | " | " | --- **Differences of Declinations of the Planet and Sun's Southern Limb.** | Sidereal Time | Diff. of Declin. | Sidereal Time | Diff. of Declin. | Sidereal Time | Diff. of Declin. | Sider. Time | Diff. of Declin. | Sider. Time | Diff. of Declin. | |---------------|-----------------|---------------|-----------------|---------------|-----------------|-------------|-----------------|-------------|-----------------| | h m s | | h m s | | h m s | | h m s | | h m s | | | 14 5 56.5 | 23.84 | 14 48 30 | 2 10.4 | 15 22 18 | 3 44.1 | 15 51 56 | 4 58.3 | 16 23 7 | 6 9.5 | | " 7 7 | 30.82 | " 50 25 | 2 13.5 | " 23 4 | 3 42.8 | " 53 16 | 4 52.5 | " 24 39 | 6 16.0 | | " 9 2 | 31.49 | " 51 11 | 2 11.4 | " 24 17.5 | 3 38.0 | " 55 20 | 5 5.9 | " 25 5 | 6 13.7 | | " 12 2 | 35.85 | " 53 10 | 2 24.0 | " 25 41 | 3 50.1 | " 57 13 | 5 14.1 | " 26 41 | 6 19.9 | | " 12 36 | 40.69 | " 53 51 | 2 23.4 | " 26 41.7 | 3 46.4 | " 59 39 | 5 12.6 | " 28 41 | 6 32.3 | | " 13 12 | 42.78 | " 54 22 | 2 24.5 | " 27 48 | 3 49.3 | " 16 0 | 15 5 18.7 | " 29 14 | 6 31.1 | | " 15 26 | 42.25 | " 55 29 | 2 38.2 | " 28 36.6 | 3 50.5 | " 1 55 | 5 25.5 | " 30 31 | 6 28.1 | | " 16 24 | 43.11 | " 56 30 | 2 36.0 | " 31 12 | 4 2.8 | " 2 22 | 5 26.7 | " 31 4 | 6 29.1 | | " 18 4 | 52.25 | " 59 24 | 2 41.5 | " 31 55 | 4 4.1 | " 4 14 | 5 32.1 | " 32 36 | 6 35.5 | | " 18 28 | 55.51 | " 15 15 | 2 44.5 | " 33 13 | 4 10.0 | " 4 47 | 5 31.3 | " 36 39 | 6 47.6 | | " 19 10 | 1 0.28 | " 2 8 | 2 44.6 | " 33 52 | 4 11.1 | " 6 32 | 5 25.4 | " 37 39 | 6 54.8 | | " 21 12 | 1 3.35 | " 5 26 | 2 57.8 | " 34 24 | 4 14.8 | " 8 44 | 5 37.1 | " 38 19 | 6 57.5 | | " 23 2 | 1 16.09 | " 6 36 | 3 0.2 | " 36 7 | 4 16.5 | " 12 9 | 5 45.0 | " 39 5 | 6 55.9 | | " 24 54 | 1 10.34 | " 8 31 | 3 4.8 | " 36 51 | 4 17.5 | " 14 6 | 5 51.8 | " 39 44 | 7 1.3 | | " 26 4 | 1 14.45 | " 9 40 | 3 7.6 | " 39 3 | 4 19.7 | " 15 49 | 5 59.0 | " 40 31 | 7 2.3 | | " 27 59.7 | 1 21.12 | " 12 10 | 3 20.7 | " 40 58 | 4 29.3 | " 16 21 | 6 0.0 | " 41 13 | 7 2.5 | | " 29 0.7 | 1 25.42 | " 13 11 | 3 21.4 | " 41 14 | 4 29.9 | " 18 6 | 5 56.7 | " 41 58 | 7 8.4 | | " 44 18.7 | 1 59.2 | " 15 14 | 3 18.7 | " 43 15 | 4 35.4 | " 18 32 | 5 58.9 | " 42 26 | 7 8.4 | | " 45 17 | 2 2.0 | " 16 18 | 3 21.7 | " 43 52 | 4 35.9 | " 20 16 | 6 9.5 | " | | | " 46 51 | 2 2.2 | " 18 12 | 3 28.1 | " 47 16 | 4 44.6 | " 20 45 | 6 12.0 | " | | | " 47 32 | 2 9.9 | " 19 23 | 3 25.9 | " 49 47 | 4 49.3 | " 22 33 | 6 11.6 | " | | ### Lunar Eclipses observed at Paramatta. #### Lunar Eclipse, January 26, 1823. | Number and Name of spot | Immersions | Number and Name of spot | Emersion | |-------------------------|------------|-------------------------|----------| | | Enters the shade. Mean Tim. | Is perfectly eclipsed. Mean Tim. | | 2 Gallileus | h m s | 5 Gassend. | h m s | | 4 Kepler | ,, 13 48 13 | ,, 16 30 35 | ,, 51 50 | | 3 Aristar. | ,, 53 48 | 4 Kepler. | ,, 31 15 | | 14 Bulliard. | ,, 55 13 | 24 Manilius. | ,, 50 35 | | 10 Reinold. | ,, 58 32 | 25 Menel. | ,, 53 11 | | 11 Coperni. | ,, 59 10 | 28 Dion. | ,, 55 21 | | 21 Ticho. | ,, 14 0 | 29 Plinius. | ,, 57 38 | | 16 Timoch. | ,, 10 25 | 27 Posidon. | ,, 59 33 | | 18 Archim. | ,, 13 55 | | | | 24 Manil. | ,, 14 29 | | | | 17 Plato | ,, 14 42 | | | | 28 Dion. | ,, 16 21 | | | | 25 Menela. | ,, 17 33 | | | | 20 Plinius | ,, 20 35 | | | | 22 Eudoxus | ,, 21 45 | | | | 23 Aristot. | ,, 22 21 | | | | 32 Censor. | ,, 23 38 | | | #### Lunar Eclipse, May 21, 1826. | Spot | Immersion Mean Tim. | Spot | Emersion Mean Tim. | |------|---------------------|------|--------------------| | | Beginning | | | | | h m s | | h m s | | 1 Grimald. | 11 37 37 | 1 Grimald. | 14 5 43 | | 2 Gallileus | ,, 39 18 | 2 Gallileus | ,, 8 43 | | 3 Aristar. | ,, 41 30 | 5 Gassen. | ,, 9 30 | | 7 Harpal. | ,, 41 30 | ,, 11 29 | 3 Aristar. | ,, 14 48 | | 5 Gassend. | ,, 46 39 | ,, 15 29 | 4 Kepler. | ,, 15 29 | | 9 Lansber. | ,, 50 23 | ,, 18 7 | 9 Lansber. | ,, 18 7 | | 10 Reinold. | ,, 52 56 | ,, 19 18 | 14 Bulliard. | ,, 19 18 | | 11 Coperni. | ,, 52 56 | ,, 20 58 | 21 Tycho. | ,, 20 58 | | 15 Eratosth. | ,, 55 14 | ,, 20 58 | 8 Heraclid. | ,, 20 58 | | 14 Bulliard. | ,, 59 27 | ,, 22 13 | 20 Pitatus. | ,, 22 13 | | 19 In.sin.me. | ,, 0 37 | ,, 23 4 | 7 Harpal. | ,, 23 4 | | 22 Eudoxus. | ,, 2 53 | ,, 23 38 | 11 Coperni. | ,, 23 38 | | 23 Aristot. | ,, 2 53 | ,, 24 55 | 15 Eratosth. | ,, 24 55 | | 25 Manil. | ,, 4 39 | ,, 25 51 | 12 Helicon. | ,, 25 51 | | 20 Pitatus. | ,, 6 26 | ,, 28 41 | 16 Timoch. | ,, 28 41 | | 25 Menela. | ,, 7 54 | ,, 29 52 | 19In.sin.me. | ,, 29 52 | | 27 Posid. | ,, 10 43 | ,, 31 23 | 17 Plato. | ,, 31 23 | | 29 Plinius | ,, 11 11 | ,, 37 16 | 31 Fracast.? | ,, 37 16 | | 21 Tycho. | ,, 12 23 | ,, 37 16 | 30 Teophi? | ,, 37 16 | | 32 Censori. | ,, 18 5 | ,, 38 19 | 24 Manil. | ,, 38 19 | | 30 Theoph. | ,, 18 53 | ,, 40 34 | 22 Eudoxus. | ,, 40 34 | | 40 Tarunt. | ,, 20 28 | ,, 40 34 | 23 Aristot. | ,, 40 34 | | 31 Fracast. | ,, 21 12 | ,, 41 30 | 28 Dionis. | ,, 41 30 | | 39 Langr. | ,, 29 17 | ,, 41 30 | 25 Menela. | ,, 41 30 | | 38 Petaolus | ,, 29 17 | ,, 45 12 | 29 Plinius. | ,, 45 12 | | 31 Fracast.? | ,, 46 34 | ,, 46 34 | 30 Theoph.? | ,, 46 34 | | 27 Posidon. | ,, 47 33 | ,, 47 33 | 32 Censor. | ,, 48 48 | | 40 Tarunt. | ,, 53 15 | ,, 53 15 | 34 Prom.So. | ,, 53 15 | | 36 Cleome | ,, 53 51 | ,, 53 51 | 35 Proclus. | ,, 54 49 | | 39 Langre | ,, 55 18 | ,, 55 18 | End... | ,, 15 1 54 | **Remark.**—During the total eclipse (May 21, 1826,) the darkness was so complete, that occultations of stars of the eighth magnitude behind the eclipsed moon could conveniently be observed. I observed only one, as follows: - **Immersion** .................................. 12 34 38 - **Emersion** .................................. 12 48 41 The position of this star is about \( \begin{cases} \text{RA} & 236^\circ 44' \\ \text{Decl.} & 19^\circ 46' \end{cases} \) Aristarchus was towards the latter part of the eclipse as brilliant as a star of the first magnitude. In the beginning I found nothing particular about him. ## Lunar Eclipse, November 14, 1826. | Immersions | Emersions | Immersions | Emersions | |------------|-----------|------------|-----------| | Spot. | Sid. Time.| Spot. | Sid. Time.| Spot. | Sid. Time.| Spot. | Sid. Time.| | h m s | | h m s | | h m s | | h m s | | | Beginning | 3 37 16 | End of total obscuration | 6 21 27 | 28 Dionisi | 4 19 9 | 16 Timocharis | 6 45 56 | | 5 Gassendus | ,, 43 20 | 1 Grimaldus | ,, 25 8 | 18 Archim. | ,, 19 9 | 18 Archimed. | ,, 49 5 | | 2 Galilieus | ,, 43 47 | 2 Galilieus | ,, 26 13 | 17 Plato | ,, 20 23 | 21 Tycho | ,, 51 25 | | 4 Keplerus | ,, 51 25 | 3 Aristarch | ,, 28 57 | 22 Eudoxus | ,, 53 1 | | | | 9 Lansber. | ,, 52 53 | 8 Heraclides | ,, 30 13 | 23 Aristoteles | ,, 53 2 | | | | 14 Bulliad. | ,, 53 53 | 7 Harpal. | ,, 30 44 | 24 Manilius | ,, 54 3 | | | | 3 Aristarch | ,, 56 8 | 4 Keplerus | ,, 34 1 | 25 In.sin.m. | ,, 54 3 | | | | 21 Tycho | ,, 59 5 | 12 Helicon | ,, 37 53 | 26 Hermes | ,, 35 48 | 33 Messala | ,, 14 26 | | 10 Reinold | ,, 59 5 | 9 Lansberg | ,, 39 42 | 27 Posidonius | ,, 7 34 | 32 Censorinus | ,, 14 48 | | 11 Coperni | ,, 4 1 15 | 11 Coperni | ,, 39 52 | 28 Dionisius | ,, 7 1 46 | | | | 15 Eratosth | ,, 4 35 | 10 Reinold | ,, 40 2 | 29 Plinius | ,, 7 57 | | | | 7 Harpal. | ,, 7 38 | 14 Bulliad | ,, 41 102 | 30 Proclus | ,, 19 14 | | | | 12 Helicon | ,, 8 0 | 15 Eratosth | ,, 42 2 | 31 Taruntius | ,, 19 14 | | | | 19 In.sin.med | ,, 11 54 | 17 Plato | ,, 44 25 | 32 Censorinus | ,, 14 48 | | | | 16 Timocha | ,, 16 25 | 14 Bulliad | ,, 45 222 | 33 Messala | ,, 14 26 | | | | 24 Manilius | ,, 17 38 | | | 34 Proclus | ,, 19 14 | | | **Remark.**—During the first part of total obscuration, Aristarchus was as dark as any other peak of the moon, but towards the end of it he began to be as brilliant as he was on the 21st of May. The effect of the moon's obscuration upon the visibility of the stars was remarkable. ### Intervals between the Culminations of the Moon and those of Stars about the same Parallel. **Remark.** — means that the Star precedes, + that he follows the Moon. | 1822. | Stars. | Interval. | 1822. | Stars. | Interval. | |-------|--------|-----------|-------|--------|-----------| | May 10 | φ Sagittarii | − 6 35.12 | July 12 | 8 Arietis | − 3 9.53 | | | σ Sagittarii | + 3 5.84 | P. I. 243 | + 3 9.37 | | | May 27 | Regulus | − 7 40.65 | July 25 | Spica | − 16 2.50 | | May 31 | Spica | + 5 41.81 | Aug. 12 | β Tauri | − 29 1.61 | | June 1 | Spica | − 40 52.2 | Aug. 25 | Antares | − 5 13.3 | | June 2 | Anon. | − 12 45.03 | Aug. 29 | in Parallel | + 2 5.81 | | | ρ Librae | − 9 15.31 | γ Capricorn. | + 6 9.38 | | | | μ Librae | − 5 50.53 | Sept. 19 | Spica | − 62 20.84 | | June 29 | Anon. | − 4 9.94 | Antares | + 120 21.19 | | | June 30 | 12 Librae | + 18 41.75 | Sept. 20 | Antares | + 69 29.87 | | Year | Month | Date | Stars | Interval | |------|-------|------|-------|----------| | 1822 | Sept. | 21 | Antares | + 16 44.29 | | | Oct. | 27 | 15 Piscium | - 5 1.1 | | | | | 16 Piscium | - 4 4.78 | | | Nov. | 10 | α Hydrae | - 36 38.75 | | | | | Spica | + 19 19.4 | | | Dec. | 24 | α Pegasi | - 19 34.13 | | 1823 | March | 23 | ξ Leonis | - 6 24.66 | | | | | ο Leonis | + 2 53.44 | | | | | Regulus | + 30 7.82 | | | March | 21 | Castor | - 8 51.94 | | | | | Pollux | + 2 18.78 | | | | | in Parallel | + 6 30.12 | | 1826 | May | 20 | 1 α Librae | + 1 13.15 | | | | | 2 α Librae | + 1 24.34 | | | June | 13 | H.C. 227 | Declin. 1° 15' S. | - 4 24.45 | | | | | Ibld. D. 0 45 S. | - 1 29.49 | | | | | H.C.150.D.3° 23'. S. | + 5 24.26 | | | June | 14 | γ Virginis | + 18 25.1 | | | June | 16 | α Virginis | - 6 50.0 | | | | | δ Virginis | - 3 33.58 | | | June | 26 | α Pegasi | - 58 59.33 | | | | | γ Pegasi | + 9 11.97 | | | June | 27 | ε Piscium | + 11 54.55 | | | June | 28 | η Piscium | - 7 10.27 | | | June | 29 | α Arietis | - 20 24.66 | | | July | 13 | Spica | - 33 14.93 | | | | | Decl. 16° 0' S. | + 4 19.64 | | | | | *Decl. 13 30 S. | + 8 0.76 | | | | | Decl. 13 24 S. | + 11 37.3 | | | July | 15 | P.XV. 254 | + 3 57.66 | | | | | Decl. 23° 10' | + 6 34.1 | | | | | Antares | + 26 57.8 | | | July | 16 | Antares | - 37 28.72 | | | | | Decl. 25° 18' | - 14 37.9 | | 1826 | July | 16 | Decl. 23° 13' | - 11 53.67 | | | | | In parallel | - 5 16.73 | | | | | Eclipsed | - 0 25.67 | | | | | Decl. 20° 15' | + 4 30.95 | | | July | 17 | 1 μ Sagittae | + 2 29.60 | | | | | 2 μ Sagittae | + 3 59.80 | | | | | P. XVIII. 66 | + 16 22.27 | | | July | 24 | P. O 115 | + 4 1.8 | | | | | ε Piscium | + 31 1.37 | | | July | 25 | ε Piscium | - 16 35.79 | | | | | P. O 287 | - 13 5.98 | | | | | 38 Mayer | - 8 8.55 | | | | | γ Piscium | + 11 39.83 | | | July | 26 | γ Arietis | - 14 45.76 | | | | | 23 Arietis Bod. | - 19 22.53 | | | | | In parallel | - 6 46.63 | | | July | 27 | 36 Arietis | - 13 32.46 | | | | | ο Arietis | - 13 6.08 | | | | | uncertain | - 9 32.14 | | | | | π Arietis | - 8 33.92 | | | | | Decl. 18° 26' N. | - 7 16.49 | | | | | 1 ρ Arietis | - 2 58.98 | | | | | 53 Arietis | + 9 28.65 | | | Aug. | 11 | γ Librae | - 5 58.35 | | | | | Decl. 22° 17' S. | + 3 43.47 | | | | | δ Scorpii | + 18 17.4 | | | | | β Scorpii præcip. | + 23 33.72 | | | Aug. | 12 | β Scorpii præcip. | - 38 56.3 | | | | | Antares | - 15 30.86 | | | Aug. | 22 | β Arietis | + 5 58.22 | | | | | 68 Mayer | + 11 3.09 | | | Sept. | 16 | ω Piscium | + 7 5.83 | | | Nov. | 9 | ς Piscium | + 8 45.95 | | | Dec. | 12 | 36 Tauri | + 8 32.1 | | | | | Decl. 18° 36' | + 11 6.71 | | | | | Aldeb. | + 40 30.502 | | | | | 188 Tauri Bod. | + 15 13.03 | | 1827 | Feb. | 16 | 82 Virginis | - 7 30.73 | | | | | 86 Virginis | - 3 19.08 | | Year | Stars | Interval | Year | Stars | Interval | |------|-------|----------|------|-------|----------| | 1827 | March 17 | γ Librae +6 43.95 | 1828 | Jan. 29 | Mekbutha +9 13.50 | | | | 41 Librae +9 50.42 | | | 279 Mayer +11 36.63 | | | March 18 | 657 Mayer +10 17.1 | | Feb. 3 | P. XI. 44 +20 18.05 | | | May 6 | Sextarius -0 51.4 | | | τ Leonis +26 47.33 | | | | 58 Leonis +14 43.27 | | | ν Leonis +35 50.65 | | | May 7 | P. XI. 166 +12 55.45 | | Feb. 5 | χ¹ Virginis +21 17.05 | | | May 9 | Spica -3 35.515 | | | δ Virginis +31 31.95 | | | June 13 | P. XXI. 190 +6 25.62 | | March 31 | Moon's 1st Limb -2 9.05 | | | | ξ Aquarii +8 42.38 | | | Moon's 2nd Limb 0 | | | July 3 | m Virginis +7 41.47 | | | 46 Virginis +5 53.01 | | | July 4 | 1 α Librae +19 0.505 | | April 25 | P. XII. 271 +12 25.65 | | | | 2 α Librae +19 11.905 | | | δ Virginis +15 11.60 | | | Aug. 2 | Anon. +4 58.91 | | April 26 | 464 Mayer +3 34.75 | | | | P. XVI. 28 +6 7.05 | | | α Leonis +9 25.78 | | | | 4 ψ Ophiuchi +13 12.45 | | | 65 Leonis +15 53.10 | | | | χ Ophiuchi +16 14.57 | | May 23 | i Leonis -2 55.91 | | | Aug. 3 | P. XVI. 281 -8 40.17 | | | Zavijava +10 39.87 | | | | 305 -4 28.17 | | | P. XI. 178 +13 57.87 | | | | ρ Ophiuchi +6 5.82 | | May 25 | δ Virginis +12 9.7 | | | Aug. 17 | γ Geminorum +19 37.19 | | May 27 | 1 ξ Librae +6 51.43 | | | Aug. 30 | γ Ophiuchi +17 57.44 | | | P. XIV. 268 +18 57.25 | | | Aug. 31 | P. XVII. 264 +1 51.32 | | June 21 | P. XII. 208 +17 18.8 | | | Sept. 2 | P. XIX. 384 +5 7.12 | | | 1 k Virginis +23 34.19 | | | | 404 +8 1.43 | | June 27 | Moon's 1st Limb 0 | | | Sept. 3 | ν Aquarii +9 8.77 | | | Moon's 2nd Limb +2 26.58 | | | Oct. 1 | P. XXI. 162 -4 15.78 | | | P. XVIII. 121 +8 34.03 | | | | β Aquarii +5 1.05 | | | φ Sagittarii +16 30.5 | | | | Anon. +9 4.45 | | | δ Sagittarii +49 9.55 | | | Oct. 29 | 60 Aquarii +20 52.52 | | July 3 | 73 Piscium +34 27.53 | | | | Situla +24 32.22 | | | 80 e Piscium +38 0.22 | | | 1828 | Jan. 28 | P. VI. 2 +8 36.33 | | July 19 | ε Virginis -4 37.28 | | | | 71 Orionis +11 29.885 | | | δ Virginis +36 10.83 | | | Jan. 29 | 271 Mayer +3 0.897 | | July 21 | P. XIV. 268 +14 19.68 | MDCCCXXIX. It is necessary to remark that the intervals are not given with regard to the moon's centre; but before full moon with regard to her first, and after full moon with regard to her second limb. Calculation of the Longitude from the preceding Observations. The solar eclipse of the 16th August, 1822, gives according to my calculation, without allowance for inflexion and irradiation, for true conjunction by Beginning . . . . . 21\textsuperscript{h} 25\textsuperscript{m} 55\textsuperscript{s}.32 \{ Mean Time, Paramatta. End . . . . . . . . 25 42.40 Professor Wurm, who has computed this eclipse, finds the true conjunction by Beginning . . . . 21\textsuperscript{h} 25\textsuperscript{m} 45\textsuperscript{s}.53 - 0.907 x End . . . . . . . . 00 25 52.77 \times 0.238 x And after applying the corrections for the Moon's place... \( \sigma = 21\textsuperscript{h} 25\textsuperscript{m} 55\textsuperscript{s}.88 \). From the occultation of Antares 10th April, 1822, Professor Wurm has calculated the corrected conjunction 17\textsuperscript{h} 29\textsuperscript{m} 18\textsuperscript{s}.25. My calculation gives it 17\textsuperscript{h} 29\textsuperscript{m} 16\textsuperscript{s}.45. I found from the immersion of Antares 4th February, 1823, the true conjunction 20\textsuperscript{h} 46\textsuperscript{m} 58\textsuperscript{s}.78 - 0\textsuperscript{s}.698 x. And Professor Wurm has found it 20\textsuperscript{h} 47\textsuperscript{m} 9\textsuperscript{s}.64 - 0\textsuperscript{m}.72 x. But Professor Wurm, to whose indefatigable exertions Geography is so much indebted, having calculated the occultations observed at Paramatta as far as he was in possession of them, and could identify the stars, I can do no better than give the results of his calculations in preference. The longitude deduced from Spica, 23rd December, 1826, is alone, by my calculation, this observation not having been as yet communicated to Professor Wurm. It is however necessary to remark, that in the absence of corresponding observations, the longitudes rely upon the Lunar Tables, and can therefore be much vitiated by small errors in the position of the Moon as well as of the Stars. Longitude of the Observatory at Paramatta, deduced from the Eclipses and Occultations of fixed Stars, by Professor Wurm, of Stuttgart. | Phenomena | h m s | |-----------|-------| | 1822. August 16th | Eclipse of the Sun | 10 4 6.99 Longitude | | 1822. November 5th | Transit of Mercury | 4 3.96 | | 1821. December 14th | 2 ρ Leonis, Immersion doubtful | 3 48.54 | | 1821. December 29th | Anon. from Professor Bessel's Zones | 4 5.08 | | | Anon. | 3 56.19 | | 1822. January 16th | 64 Librae, Immersion | 3 43.68 | | | 65 Librae, Immersion | 3 50.05 | | 1822. April 1st | 80 Canceris, Immersion | 4 6.24 | | 1822. April 10th | Antares, Immersion and Emersion | 3 59.45 | | 1822. July 11th | 75 Piscium, Immersion | 4 0.97 | | 1823. January 20th | 15 Arietis, Immersion | 4 3.66 | | 1823. February 4th | Antares, Immersion | 4 10.12 | | 1823. March 21st | 82 Geminorum, Immersion | 4 5.97 | | 1826. December 23rd | Spica, Immersion | 4 3.80 | The following Occultations, observed by Sir Thomas Brisbane, have also been calculated by Professor Wurm. | Phenomena | h m s | |-----------|-------| | 1824. 5th July | * Solitarii, Immersion | 3 52.54 Longitude | | 1824. 28th August | 85 Virginis | 4 8.97 | | 30th September | α Sagittarii | 4 7.66 | | | π Sagittarii | 3 57.3 | The longitude of Paramatta, obtained from Lunar Distances, gave as above 4' 5".0 Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites 4 22.8 Amongst the Culminations of the Moon and fixed Stars observed in Europe and hitherto published, I found but a small number corresponding with those observed at Paramatta. Mr. Francis Baily has deduced, from an Observation made on the 30th of May, the Longitude of Paramatta 3 44.17 Professor Nicolai found from the same Observation 3 49.00 Mr. Claussen from an Observation made on the 23rd of March, 1823, at Greenwich and Paramatta (Star Regulus), found 4 15.00 From an Observation made at Paramatta, 29th June 1826, and at Abo by Professor Argelander (Star α Arietis), I find 3 52.16 From another corresponding Observation made at Abo, 9th Nov. 1826 (Star ξ Piscium), I find ........................................... 4 21.50 A corresponding Observation made by M. Dumouchel at the Collegio Romano, 8th May 1827 (Star Spica), gives me ......................... 4 16.30 As the uncertainty of the Moon's horary motion diminishes greatly the accuracy with which from corresponding observations of the Transits of the Moon and Stars, the difference of Longitude can be found, when this is great; and as moreover under these circumstances corresponding observations are rare, I have, in order to derive some benefit from all my observations, employed the method explained at the end of the Table. Observed Right Ascensions of the Moon, and Longitude of the Observatory. | Day of the Month | Apparent Time at Paramatta | Moon's true Right Ascension from Observat' | Longitude of the Observatory | |------------------|----------------------------|------------------------------------------|-----------------------------| | 1822. | | | | | May 30 | h m s | h m s | | | 1826. | | | | | May 20 | 10 53 12.3 | 220 16 16.4 | | | June 14 | 6 46 20.2 | 183 53 18.9 | | | 16 | 8 33 46.7 | 212 54 59.0 | | | 26 | 17 35 15.3 | 358 31 50.1 | | | 27 | 18 17 54.1 | 10 15 44.4 | | | 28 | 19 0 58.4 | 22 5 46.5 | | | 29 | 19 45 8.3 | 34 12 8.5 | | | July 13 | 6 21 21.5 | 207 36 39.7 | | | 15 | 8 15 27.6 | 238 15 17.7 | | | 16 | 9 15 41.3 | 254 22 2.3 | | | 17 | 10 16 7.0 | 270 31 26.6 | | | 24 | 16 9 9.3 | 5 28 53.1 | | | 25 | 16 52 42.3 | 17 23 25.3 | | | 26 | 17 36 4.0 | 29 26 54.6 | | | 27 | 18 22 10.8 | 41 47 35.5 | | | Aug. 11 | 6 9 50.13 | 233 14 40.8 | | | 12 | 7 8 23.8 | 248 52 20.1 | | | 22 | 15 34 31.7 | 24 31 44.2 | | | Sept. 16 | 12 8 35.1 | 355 35 15.0 | | | Dec. 12 | 10 28 58.7 | 56 38 30.8 | | | 1827. | | | | | Feb. 16 | 15 41 53.5 | 204 44 54.0 | | | Mar. 17 | 15 32 27.5 | 229 30 30.5 | | | 18 | 16 30 59.1 | 245 5 8.4 | | | May 6 | 7 46 32.6 | 159 29 38.8 | | | 7 | 8 34 26.1 | 172 27 35.8 | | | 8 | 10 17 21.9 | 200 12 36.5 | | | June 13 | 15 55 17.7 | 319 41 44.5 | | | July 3 | 6 38 51.8 | 201 29 40.5 | | | 4 | 7 31 53.1 | 215 49 40.2 | | The Stars upon which the Moon's right ascensions repose may be referred to, page 24, 25, and 26. From the known right ascensions of the Moon's culminating Stars, observed on the given day, I deduce the true right ascension of the Moon's centre for the apparent time of the Moon's limbs passing the middle wire. For the corresponding time at Greenwich (found here upon the supposition of the longitude = $10^h 4^m 3^s$), I find also from the Nautical Almanac, the Moon's right ascension, applying thereto the correction found from the Observations made on that day at Greenwich. The difference between the two right ascensions, divided by the Moon's horary motion, which need only to be known superficially, is the error of the assumed Longitude, which in East Longitude is additive or subtractive, accordingly as the Nautical Almanac gives the Moon's $\Delta R$ greater or less than the Observation. The above Longitudes rest merely upon a comparison with the Nautical Almanac. When the errors thereof are once known, it will be sufficient to apply double their quantities to the Longitudes in time found on the corresponding days. The Longitude of the Observatory by a mean of all hitherto calculated Observations, including the occultations, is $10^h 4^m 6^s.25$. Port Jackson. The geographical position of Port Jackson being of nautical importance, I think its determination here is not misplaced. The observations of Sir Thomas Brisbane with two reflecting circles of Troughton and one of Jecker, give the latitude of Government House at Sydney $33^\circ 51' 58''$ S. Sir Thomas Brisbane observed the eclipse of the sun 16th August 1822, at the same place, as follows: \[ \begin{align*} \text{Beginning} & \quad 19 \quad 36 \quad 49.0 \\ \text{End} & \quad 22 \quad 10 \quad 3.5 \end{align*} \] Mean time at Sidney. Hence I find by a comparison with the Nautical Almanac the longitude of Sydney \[ \begin{align*} & \quad 10 \quad 5 \quad 17.89 \end{align*} \] The solar eclipse of 9th December 1806, observed by Admiral Bligh, gives, according to my calculation, Another, observed by Captain Philip Parker King, R.N. By chronometers frequently carried backward and forward between Pa- ramatta and Sydney, the difference of longitude between both places was found $51''.93$. My calculation of the above solar eclipse observed by Sir Thomas Brisbane in Sydney, and myself at Paramatta, gives | From Beginning | End | |---------------|-----| | Sydney . . . . | 21 26 51.8 | 21 26 34.38 | | Paramatta . . . | 21 25 55.32 | 21 25 42.40 | Hence Diff. of Long. . . . . . . . . 56.48 | 51.98 But I believe we must reject the results from the beginning, and hold ourselves to that from the end $51''.98$. Professor Wurm has computed my observations at Paramatta of the transit of Mercury over the sun’s disk 5th November 1822, as follows: | Inner Contact | Conjunction | |---------------|------------| | Immersion . . . . | 23 7 19.78 | 0 5 35.48 + 27.087 x. | | Emersion . . . . | 1 49 8.43 | 0 8 13.66 - 13.297 x. | | Outer Contact | |---------------| | Immersion . . . . | 23 4 39.20 | 0 6 32.82 + 25.944 x. | | Emersion . . . . | 1 52 6.92 | 0 8 10.02 - 12.953 x. | Professor Wurm has also calculated the observations made of this phenomenon by Sir Thomas Brisbane at Sydney, and has had the goodness to communicate his calculation to me, viz. | Inner Contact | Conjunction | |---------------|------------| | Immersion . . | 23 8 6.28 | 0 6 52.20 + 27.068 x. | | Emersion . . | 1 50 1.83 | 0 9 3.42 - 13.286 x. | | Outer Contact | |---------------| | Immersion . . | 23 5 23.22 | 0 7 22.08 + 25.923 x. | | Emersion . . | 1 53 0.34 | 0 9 0.68 - 12.943 x. | Professor Wurm adds: "Thence follow immediately the differences of longitude between Sydney and Paramatta: Per Immersion. | Per Emersion. ---------------|---------------- By inner contact . . . . + 49.30 - 0.024 x. | + 49.76 + 0.011 x. By outer contact . . . . + 49.26 - 0.021 x. | + 50.66 + 0.010 x. "The mean of all four phases gives + 49°.75, or that of the inner contact only (as the observation most to be depended on) + 49°.53, which result cannot be materially altered by the small coefficient of x. I found, however, $x = + 3°.917$. "49°.6 may therefore be adopted for difference of longitude between Sydney and Paramatta with the more confidence, as inner and outer contact give almost the same result, which is at the same time a proof of the exactness of the observations made at Sydney as well as Paramatta." I should prefer, however, to take a mean of $51''93$, $51''.98$ and $49''.6 = 50''.88$, which being added to $10^h 4^m 6''.25$, the longitude of the observatory at Paramatta, give for longitude of Sydney $10^h 4^m 57''.13$. Remark.—The conjunction $0^h 6^m 52''.2$ deduced from the inner contact of the immersion of Sydney, is probably written wrong by Professor Wurm. I suspect he meant it $0^h 6^m 24''.78$. I have, however, not ventured to alter it. II. Solar Observations. 1.) Solstices. a.) Observed with Reichenbach's repeating Circle. I shall first state the methods employed in the Reductions of the Observations, and begin with, The Reduction to the Meridian. Already, on occasion of the first southern solstice observed in this colony, I remarked the insufficiency of Delambre's method for the reduction to the meridian when the sun culminates near the zenith, on account of the slow convergency of the series employed by him, under such circumstances: when the hour angle is about $25'$, the second term of his formula will in a set of four observations amount to $100''$, the third to $60''$, and even the fourth to $12''$; and the work of Delambre's third and fourth term is very laborious. I have therefore substituted another series, the very first term of which comes as near the truth as the four terms of that of Delambre. I find the middle of the times of observation for which I take out Delambre's first and second part $\Delta$ and $\delta$. I take also out these parts $\Delta' \Delta'' \Delta''' \ldots$ and $\delta' \delta'' \delta'''$ for each individual time $t' t'' t'''$ and call their means $\frac{\Delta' + \Delta'' + \Delta''' + \ldots}{n} = S$ and $\frac{\delta' + \delta'' + \delta''' + \ldots}{n} = S$, $n$ being the number of observations, $M$ the meridional zenith distance, $z$ the observed zenith distance or mean arc, and $r = \cos \text{lat.} \times \cos \text{declin.}$, $\pi = \frac{r}{\sin \left( \frac{M + Z}{2} \right)}$, $p = \frac{r}{\sin z}$. Then is the reduction to the meridian $R = \Pi S - p^2 \cotang. z (s - \delta)$. **Demonstration.**—Be $\zeta$ the zenith distance corresponding to the middle time $T$; $z' z'' z''' \ldots$ the different unknown zenith distances enveloped in the arc run through, and $z$ their mean, which is known. Call $\zeta - z' = a$, $\zeta - z'' = b$ &c. &c. &c. Then is $$\cos M - \cos \zeta = 2 r \sin^2 \frac{1}{2} t = r \Delta \sin 1''$$ subtract $$\frac{\cos M - \cos z'}{\cos \zeta - \cos z'} = r (\Delta' - \Delta) \sin 1''$$ $$2 \sin \frac{1}{2} (z' - \zeta) = \frac{r (\Delta' - \Delta) \sin 1''}{\sin \left( \frac{z + \zeta}{2} \right)} \quad a = \frac{r (\Delta' - \Delta)}{\sin (\zeta + \frac{1}{2} a)} \quad b = \frac{r (\Delta'' - \Delta)}{\sin (\zeta + \frac{1}{2} b)} &c. &c.$$ $$\frac{2p (\Delta' - \Delta)}{\cot \zeta \sin 1''} = \frac{2a}{\cot \zeta \sin 1''} + a^2; \quad \sqrt{\frac{2p (\Delta' - \Delta)}{\cot \zeta \sin 1''}} + \frac{1}{\cot^3 \zeta \sin^3 1''} = a + \frac{1}{\cot \zeta \sin 1''}$$ If we now call $2p \cot \zeta \sin 1'' = q$, we obtain $$a = \frac{\tan \zeta}{\sin 1''} \sqrt{1 + q (\Delta' - \Delta)} - \frac{\tan \zeta}{\sin 1''}$$ or $$a = \frac{\tan \zeta}{\sin 1''} \left[ 1 + q (\Delta' - \Delta) \right]^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \right\}$$ which resolved according to the binomial theorem gives $$a = \frac{\tan z}{\sin 1''} \left\{ q \frac{(\Delta' - \Delta)}{2} - q^2 \frac{(\Delta' - \Delta)^3}{2.4} + \frac{3q^3 (\Delta' - \Delta)^3}{2.4.6} - \frac{3.5q^4 (\Delta' - \Delta)^4}{2.4.6.8} + \cdots \right\}$$ Placing now for $q$ its value in the two first parts, and considering that $$\frac{\Delta^2 \sin 1''}{2} = \delta$$ according to the construction of Delambre's Tables, $$a = p (\Delta' - \Delta) - p^2 \cot \zeta (\delta' + \delta - \Delta' \Delta \sin 1'') + \frac{\tan \zeta 3q^3 (\Delta' - \Delta)^3}{\sin 1''.2.4.6} - \frac{\tan \zeta 3.5.q^4 (\Delta' - \Delta)^4}{\sin 1''.2.4.6.8}$$ And in the same manner $$b = p (\Delta'' - \Delta) - p^2 \cot \zeta (\delta'' + \delta - \Delta'' \Delta \sin 1'') + \frac{\tan \zeta 3q^3 (\Delta'' - \Delta)^3}{\sin 1''.2.4.6} - \frac{\tan \zeta 3.5.q^4 (\Delta'' - \Delta)^4}{\sin 1''.2.4.6.8}$$ and $$c = p (\Delta''' - \Delta) - p^2 \cot \zeta (\delta''' + \delta - \Delta''' \Delta \sin 1'') + \cdots \cdots \cdots &c. &c. &c.$$ = 0, and the reduction to the meridian \( R = \pi \Delta \); but now \[ R = \pi \Delta + C \] \( C \) is too great for a correction whereof the greater part should always be collected in the first term. \[ \Delta = S - S + \Delta = S - (S - \Delta); \text{ therefore } \pi \Delta = \pi S - \pi (S - \Delta); \text{ and} \] \[ R = \pi S - \pi (S - \Delta) + p (S - \Delta) + \cot \zeta p^2 \Delta (S - \Delta) \sin 1'' - \cot \zeta p^2 (S - \delta) \] \[ = \pi S - p^2 \cot \zeta (S - \delta) - \left\{ \frac{\pi^3 S \cos \left( z + \frac{z + M}{2} - p^2 \Delta \cos z \right)}{\sin z} \right\} (S - \Delta) \sin 1'' \] omitting cubes and higher powers. The last term is almost always insensible, and may be neglected; and in the room of \( \zeta \), which is unknown, \( z \) or the observed zenith distance may be used in the calculation, which together with my having assumed \( \frac{2 \sin \frac{1}{2} (z - \xi)}{\sin 1''} = z - \xi = a \) never causes the error to amount to one second of arc in the reduction as long as this is not above two degrees. Correction of the Hour-angle for change of Equation of Time. Biot in his *Astronomie*, vol. i. p. 451, finds it necessary to correct the hour-angle for daily rate of clock, but neglects at the same time a greater source of error. In solar observations the observed hour-angle is apparent solar time, whilst the interval per clock corrected for sidereal acceleration is mean time, and should be diminished in both solstices by a proportional part of the daily retardation of apparent solar time upon mean time, given in the Nautical Almanac in the column of daily difference of equation of time. This is a gaining rate of the clock of 13" in the northern, but of 30" in the southern solstice, and more therefore than any clock ought to have. These considerations are unimportant in the northern parts of Europe; but nobody will dispute their importance where the zenith distance is 10°, when an error of 1" in the hour-angle of 24 minutes causes an error of 10" in latitude; I have therefore annexed a Table showing the correction to be subtracted from the hour-angle during the southern solstice. | Argum. Hour-angle | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 30 | |-------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----| | Correction subtracted | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.62 | MDCCCXXIX. In the same manner, if from absolute altitudes of the sun we would infer the sidereal time of the sun’s culmination, the hour-angle converted to sidereal time must be decreased or increased by a proportional part of the daily difference of equation of time, according as the apparent time is gaining or losing upon mean time, or, which is the same, according as the daily difference of right ascension is less or more than $3'56''.6$. Correction of the assumed Time of the Sun’s Culmination. It is clear that the utmost precision in the time is required under such circumstances, when the vicinity to noon is indeed the most favourable period of the day for determining this very element—the time, which in finding the latitude we assume as given. But I believe that both objects can be attained at once, and that circummeridional altitudes near the zenith afford the means of ascertaining the error in the level of the transit as well as the latitude. If we find that with an assumed time of the sun’s culmination from several sets of circummeridional altitudes, the deduced respective meridional altitudes A, B, C, D, E either gradually decrease or increase, we may suspect that the sun’s transit has been assumed too late or too soon. I suppose the correction for the change of declination during the hour-angle (which also occasions a gradual alteration) to be already applied. With the mean of Delambre’s numbers $\Delta$ in an ascending set, take out of his Tables for the Reduction to the Meridian the quantity corresponding to a change of one second in time, which call $m$, take also with the mean of $\Delta$ in a descending set a similar quantity $n$. Then is $$\frac{\Lambda - E}{\pi m + \pi^iv n} = \frac{B - D}{\pi^i m' + \pi^{iii} n'} = &c. &c. = x$$ the error by which the sun’s culmination has been assumed too late; and $A - \pi mx = E + \pi^iv n'^ix = B - \pi^i m'x = D + \pi^{iii} n'x$ = the true meridional altitude. Reduction to the Solstice. The reduction to the solstice is computed after the following formula; $$\varphi = \frac{c \times \sin^2 \frac{1}{2} L}{\cos \frac{1}{2}(D + \omega)}$$ where the constant $c = \frac{2 \sin \omega}{\sin 1''}$, $L =$ complement of sun’s longitude; $D$ the declination; and $\omega$ the obliquity of the ecliptic. Methods of Observing the Repetitions. During the last years when I was without an assistant, the intervals, and therewith the second parts of the reductions $p^2 \cot z (s - \delta)$ would have become too great in the southern solstice, if I had attended at the same time to the level, which moreover became useless under the sun’s vertical rays. This is therefore an additional reason why I have resorted to reflection from mercury. The small nadir distance enabling me to place it upon the same isolated pillar with the instrument, and to keep all the openings of the dome shut except the top slide, the mercury was secured against wind, and all percussion save that occasioned by handling the instrument, and no glass cover was required. During the same series I did not revolve 180° in azimuth, but pointed the tube in a left-sided series, first by means of the great circle to the reflected image, and next by shifting the small circle to the direct object, and I then again turned the great circle for the observation by reflection, repeating this process until a series was completed, containing a multiple of altitudes instead of zenith distances. In a right-sided series it is the great circle by which the tube must be first pointed to the direct object. The repetitions can thus be carried on with remarkable expedition by one observer. All that is required is that the instrument remains steady during the interval between a reflected and direct vision. The reflection and direct vision enabled me by three observations to verify that the optical axis described a vertical circle, and the effects of bending compensated themselves. I shall illustrate the process by an Example. December 22, 1827 : Barom. 29.726. Therm. 83°. Transit per Clock 17h 58m 1s.9. | Sets | Readings | Times per sidereal Clock | |------|----------|-------------------------| | 0 | 32 15' 25" | | | I | 346 59' 2" | ...17 35' 52.5" | 36' 36" | 37' 34" | 38' 10" | | II | 59 26' 8.5" | ...41' 4" | 41' 48.3" | 42' 52.7" | 43' 28.3" | 44' 24.5" | 45' 9" | 46' 8.8" | 46' 44" | 47' 43" | 48' 51.0" | | III | 134 44' 26.5" | ...52' 13" | 53' 2.0" | 53' 47.0" | 54' 34.0" | 4' 1.0" | 4' 40" | 5' 59.0" | 6' 54" | 7' 58" | 8' 53.3" | | IV | 204 31' 31" | ...18' 12" | 2' 2" | 12' 42.0" | 13' 43.0" | 14' 13.0" | 14' 57.4" | 15' 34" | 16' 29.0" | 17' 45" | 17' 47" | 18' 28.0" | I regret that I had always to interrupt the Observations at noon, in order to observe the Sun with the Transit and Mural Circle. The second part of the Reduction to the Meridian depends not only upon the Distance from the Meridian, but also upon the number of the Observations contained in the Set, and the intervals between them. Only small corrections that are of variable signs, and complete their periods during the time that embraces the observations may be neglected in calculations; but where the sign is constant, even the smallest should be attended to, as the error will not be diminished by taking a mean of the whole, and no benefit arises from often repeated observations. The original observations of the Abstracts, which follow, of the Solstices observed at Paramatta, would occupy too much space in printing, and are therefore preserved in Manuscript. ## Southern Solstice, December 1821. | Date | True Meridian Zenith Dist. of Sun's Centre | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | Zenith Distance of Tropic of Capricorn | |------|-------------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------------| | Dec. 15 | 10° 32' 29.65" | -0.04 | -11° 38.09" | 10° 20' 51.52" | | 17 | 26° 53.26" + 0.44 | 5° 57.71" | 56.00 | | 20 | 21° 57.39" | 0.59 | 0° 58.31" | 59.67 | | 21 | 21° 7.72" | 0.65 | 0° 14.96" | 58.41 | | 22 | 20° 50.70" | 0.67 | 0° 0.02" | 51.35 | | 23 | 21° 7.36" | 0.68 | 0° 13.36" | 54.68 | | 24 | 21° 55.14" | 0.63 | 0° 55.12" | 60.65 | | 25 | 22° 59.61" | 0.57 | 2° 5.28" | 54.90 | | 26 | 24° 39.42" | 0.46 | 3° 43.42" | 56.46 | | 27 | 26° 42.01" | 0.35 | 5° 50.28" | 52.08 | | 28 | 29° 20.28" | 0.21 | 8° 24.89" | 55.60 | | 29 | 32° 15.12" | +0.08 | -11° 28.43" | 46.77 | Luni-solar nutation ........................................... +7.80 Reduct. to Jan. 1, 1822 ....................................... +0.01 M. Z. D. Tropic of Capricorn, Jan. 1, 1822 ... 10° 21' 2.23" ## Northern Solstice, June 1822. | Date | True Meridian Zenith Dist. of Sun's Centre | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | Zenith Dist. of Tropic of Cancer | |------|-------------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------|---------------------------------| | June 9 | 56° 41' 49.63" + 0.408 | 34° 40.67" | 57° 16' 30.07" | | 10 | 46° 59.97" + 0.26 | 29° 33.96" | 34.19 | | 11 | 51° 33.99" + 0.12 | 24° 51.11" | 25.22 | | 12 | 56° 6.79" - 0.03 | 20° 32.59" | 39.35 | | 13 | 59° 52.98" - 0.19 | 16° 38.49" | 31.28 | | 14 | 57° 3 29.98" - 0.29 | 13° 7.82" | 37.51 | | 15 | 6° 30.19" - 0.31 | 10° 3.52" | 33.40 | | 16 | 9° 11.80" - 0.41 | 7° 22.98" | 34.37 | | 18 | 13° 19.11" - 0.39 | 3° 16.16" | 34.88 | | 19 | 14° 42.88" - 0.32 | 1° 49.86" | 32.42 | | 20 | 15° 44.90" - 0.22 | 0° 48.41" | 33.31 | | 21 | 16° 18.51" - 0.12 | 0° 11.77" | 30.16 | | 23 | 16° 14.57" + 0.17 | 0° 13.07" | 27.81 | | 28 | 9° 2.60" + 0.81 | 7° 29.89" | 33.30 | | 29 | 6° 20.16" + 0.85 | 10° 11.38" | 32.39 | | 30 | 3° 12.41" + 0.88 | 13° 17.27" | 30.56 | Mean ......................................................... 57° 16' 32.64" Luni-solar nutation ........................................... -6.77 Reduct. to Jan. 1, 1822 ....................................... +0.22 M. Z. D. Tropic of Cancer, Jan. 1, 1822 ... 57° 16' 26.09" Zenith distance of Tropic of Capricorn ... 10° 21' 2.23" Half difference = obliquity of eclipse .................. 23° 27' 41.93" Half sum latitude of the observatory ................. 33° 48' 44.1" --- ## Southern Solstice, December 1822. | Date | True Meridian Zenith Dist. of Sun's Centre | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | Zenith Distance of Tropic of Capricorn | |------|-------------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------------| | Dec. 14 | 10° 36' 54.25" + 0.22 | -16° 4.8" | 10° 20' 49.67" | | 15 | 33° 19.50" + 0.10 | +12° 26.09" | 53.51 | | 17 | 27° 23.51" - 0.18 | 6° 32.31" | 51.02 | | 18 | 25° 3.12" | 0.33 | 4° 17.63" | 45.16 | | 19 | 23° 32.54" | 0.49 | 2° 31.07" | 60.98 | | 20 | 22° 7.98" | 0.61 | 1° 12.75" | 54.62 | | 21 | 21° 14.92" | 0.74 | 0° 22.72" | 51.46 | | 22 | 20° 54.46" | 0.85 | 0° 1.01" | 52.60 | | 23 | 21° 4.46" | 0.93 | 0° 7.63" | 55.90 | | 24 | 21° 33.61" | 0.94 | 0° 42.56" | 50.11 | | 25 | 22° 35.51" | 0.94 | 1° 45.78" | 48.79 | | 27 | 26° 12.28" | 0.82 | 5° 17.02" | 54.44 | | 28 | 28° 40.41" | -0.68 | +7° 44.98" | 54.75 | Mean ......................................................... 10° 20' 52.54" Luni-solar nutation ........................................... +5.67 Reduct. to Jan. 1, 1823 ....................................... +0.01 M. Z. D. Tropic of Capricorn, Jan. 1, 1823 ... 10° 20' 58.22" M. Z. D. Tropic of Cancer, Jan. 1, 1823 ... 57° 16' 25.70" Mean obliquity of ecliptic .............................. 23° 27' 43.74" Latitude of the observatory ............................. 33° 48' 41.96" --- ## Northern Solstice, June 1823. | Date | True Meridian Zenith Dist. of Sun's Centre | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | Zenith Dist. of Tropic of Cancer | |------|-------------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------|---------------------------------| | June 11 | 56° 50' 38.70" + 0.01 | +25° 56.96" | 57° 16' 35.67" | | 14 | 57° 2 32.22" | 0.44 | 13° 56.56" | 29.22 | | 15 | 5° 48.54" | 0.58 | 10° 45.72" | 34.84 | | 17 | 10° 50.03" | 0.79 | 5° 37.62" | 28.44 | | 19 | 14° 21.27" | 0.86 | 2° 8.48" | 30.61 | | 21 | 16° 9.70" | 0.79 | 0° 18.41" | 28.90 | | 22 | 16° 32.10" | 0.68 | 0° 6.60" | 33.38 | | 23 | 16° 23.2" | 0.58 | 0° 6.84" | 30.62 | | 24 | 15° 50.12" | 0.42 | 0° 39.32" | 29.86 | | 25 | 14° 53.1" | 0.32 | 1° 35.83" | 29.25 | | 30 | 4° 1.66" | 0.41 | 12° 28.79" | 30.04 | | July 1 | 0° 39.6" + 0.48 | +15° 53.01" | 32.13 | Mean ......................................................... 57° 16' 31.08" Luni-solar nutation ........................................... -4.32 Reduction to Jan. 1, 1823 ................................... +0.25 M. Z. D. Tropic of Cancer, Jan. 1, 1823 ... 57° 16' 27.01" M. Z. D. Tropic of Capricorn, Jan. 1, 1823 ... 10° 20' 58.22" Half diff. mean obliquity, Jan. 1, 1823 .... 23° 27' 44.39" Half sum latitude of the observatory ..... 33° 48' 42.61" The three preceding Solstices were observed partly by Sir T. Brisbane, and partly by myself; but the Northern Solstice and Southern Solstice of 1823, which follow, were exclusively observed by Sir T. Brisbane. | Year | True meridian Zenith dist. of Sun's centre | Reduction to Solstice | Corr. for Sun's Lat. | True Zenith Dist. of Tropic of Capricorn | |------|------------------------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------|----------------------------------------| | Dec. 10 | 10° 57' 45.2" | -36° 37.8" | -0.88 | 10° 21' 6.56" | | 11 | 52° 0.8" | 31° 3.0" | 0.90 | 20° 56.90" | | 13 | 42° 16.9" | 21° 14.8" | 1.0 | 21° 1.1" | | 15 | 34° 14.5" | 13° 16.3" | 0.9 | 20° 57.3" | | 18 | 25° 41.1" | 4° 47.8" | 0.5 | 20° 52.77" | | 20 | 22° 34.2" | 1° 29.3" | -0.25 | 21° 4.65" | | 22 | 21° 1.4" | 0° 3.6" | +0.05 | 20° 57.85" | | 24 | 21° 38.8" | 0° 30.4" | +0.26 | 21° 8.66" | | 26 | 23° 51.1" | 2° 52.3" | +0.37 | 20° 59.17" | | 27 | 25° 46.3" | 4° 45.2" | +0.30 | 21° 1.4" | | 1824.31 | 38° 2.4" | 16° 58.0" | -0.12 | 21° 4.28" | | Jan. 2 | 46° 57.8" | -25° 53.7" | -0.26 | 21° 3.94" | Mean ........................................... 10° 21' 1.21" Luni-sol. nut., and Redn to Jan. 1, 1823 .............. +2.81" M. Z. D. Tropic of Capricorn, Jan. 1, 1823 10° 21' 4.02" From former observations, Mean zenith dist. of Trop. of Cancer, Jan. 1, 1823. } 57° 16' 26.52" Half diff. mean obliquity ......................... 23° 27' 41.25" Half sum latitude .................................. 33° 48' 45.26" The following Solstices have been observed by myself. Northern Solstice, June 1826. | Year | True Meridian Zenith Dist. of Sun's Centre | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | True Zenith Dist. of Tropic of Cancer | |------|------------------------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------|----------------------------------------| | June 12 | 56° 56' 2.7" | +0.5 | +20° 24.9" | 57° 16' 28.1" | | 14 | 57° 3 18.9" | 0.4 | 13° 2.4" | 21° 7" | | 15 | 6° 28.9" | 0.4 | 9° 58.2" | 27° 5" | | 16 | 9° 6.9" | 0.2 | 7° 18.7" | 25° 8" | | 17 | 11° 23.4" | -0.1 | 5° 3.8" | 27° 1" | | 18 | 13° 14.6" | 0.1 | 3° 13.3" | 27° 8" | | 19 | 14° 41.0" | 0.2 | 1° 47.9" | 28° 7" | | 20 | 15° 39.3" | 0.4 | 0° 47.0" | 25° 9" | | 21 | 16° 14.3" | 0.5 | 0° 11.2" | 25° 0" | | 22 | 16° 26.3" | 0.6 | 0° 0.0" | 25° 7" | | 23 | 16° 12.8" | 0.7 | 0° 13.7" | 25° 8" | | 24 | 15° 34.9" | 0.8 | 0° 53.1" | 26° 2" | | 25 | 14° 30.1" | 0.8 | 1° 55.2" | 24° 5" | | 26 | 13° 6.4" | 0.8 | 3° 23.1" | 28° 7" | | 27 | 11° 9.0" | 0.8 | 5° 15.7" | 23° 9" | | 28 | 8° 51.6" | 0.7 | 7° 33.0" | 23° 9" | | 29 | 6° 13.8" | 0.6 | 10° 14.9" | 28° 1" | | July 1 | 56° 59' 26.6" | -0.4 | +16° 51.9" | 18° 1" | Mean ........................................... 57° 16' 26.25" Luni-solar nutation .................................. +4.9" Reduction to Jan. 1, 1827 ............................ -0.2" Mean zenith distance of Tropic of Cancer From former observations, mean zenith distance of Tropic of Capricorn Half difference, mean obliquity ......................... 23° 27' 44.65" Half sum latitude .................................. 33° 48' 46.27" Southern Solstice, December 1826. | Year | True Meridian Zenith Dist. of Sun's Centre | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | True Zenith Dist. of Tropic of Capricorn | |------|------------------------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------|----------------------------------------| | Dec. 16 | 10° 30' 16.27" | +0.66 | -9° 10.27" | 10° 21' 6.66" | | 17 | 27° 33.47" | 0.75 | 6° 28.23" | 21° 5.99" | | 18 | 25° 25.36" | 0.83 | 4° 14.43" | 21° 11.76" | | 21 | 21° 24.38" | 0.76 | 0° 21.82" | 21° 3.32" | | 22 | 20° 58.46" | 0.67 | 0° 0.83" | 20° 58.30" | | 23 | 21° 7.72" | 0.59 | 0° 8.16" | 21° 0.05" | | 24 | 21° 48.5" | 0.45 | 0° 43.82" | 21° 5.13" | | 25 | 22° 53.35" | 0.30 | 1° 47.84" | 21° 5.81" | | 26 | 24° 28.4" | 0.29 | 3° 20.14" | 21° 7.97" | | 29 | 31° 43.95" | +0.25 | 10° 46.51" | 20° 57.69" | | 30 | 35° 14.46" | -0.11 | 14° 11.55" | 21° 2.80" | | 31 | 39° 10.50" | -0.48 | -18° 4.51" | 21° 5.51" | Mean ........................................... 10° 21' 4.25" Luni-solar nutation and reduction ...................... " " 6.34" Mean zenith distance of Tropic of Capricorn, Jan. 1, 1827 .................................................. 10° 20' 57.91" From last solstice, mean zenith distance of Tropic of Cancer, Jan. 1, 1827 .................................. 57° 16' 29.90" Half difference, mean obliquity ......................... 23° 27' 46.00" Half sum latitude .................................. 33° 48' 43.80" ## Remarks.—To avoid misconstruction, I remark, that the corrections for sun’s latitude, reduction to solstice, luni-solar nutation, and reductions to the commencement of the respective years, have always been applied with the signs adapted for finding the zenith distance of the mean tropic. Thus the correction for the sun’s latitude is always applied with the opposite sign, and the luni-solar nutation in the southern solstice with the same sign, but in the northern solstice with the opposite sign, to what the solar tables give. ### Northern Solstice, June 1827. | Date | True Meridian Zenith Dist. of Sun's Centre | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | True Zenith Dist. of Tropic of Cancer | |------------|-------------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------|-------------------------------------| | June 13 | 56 53.58 | -0.65 | +17 24.19 | 57 16 17.52 | | 14 | 57 27.50 | 0.67 | 13 50.13 | 16.96 | | 15 | 57 37.91 | 0.66 | 10 40.05 | 17.30 | | 16 | 58 20.11 | 0.64 | 7 54.53 | 14.00 | | 18 | 58 33.00 | 0.35 | 3 37.39 | 10.04 | | 19 | 58 26.0 | 0.20 | 2 5.96 | 8.36 | | 21 | 59 59.53 | -0.08 | 0 17.46 | 16.91 | | 24 | 59 32.6 | +0.42 | 0 40.88 | 13.90 | | 25 | 59 36.52 | 0.50 | 1 38.30 | 15.32 | | 26 | 59 14.1 | 0.59 | 3 0.49 | 15.18 | | 27 | 59 33.06 | 0.67 | 4 47.36 | 21.09 | | 28 | 59 17.1 | 0.68 | 6 59.13 | 16.91 | | 29 | 59 38.56 | +0.67 | + 9 35.29 | 14.52 | **Mean** ........................................... 57 16 15.2 **Luni-solar nutation** ......................... + 7.5 **Reduction, Jan. 1, 1827** ...................... + 0.26 **Mean zenith distance of Tropic of Cancer, Jan. 1, 1827** ............... 57 16 22.96 **From former observation of Tropic of Capricorn, Jan. 1, 1827** .......... 10 20 57.91 **Half diff. mean obliquity, Jan. 1, 1827** .... 23 27 42.52 **Half sum latitude of the observation** ...... 33 48 40.43 ### Southern Solstice, December 1827. Observed alternately direct and by reflection. | Date | True Meridian Zenith Dist. of Sun's Centre | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | True Zenith Distance of Tropic of Capricorn | |------------|-------------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------|---------------------------------------------| | Dec. 3 | 11 49 13.01 | +0.4 | 1 27 57.8 | 10 21 15.60 | | 6 | 24 24.66 | 0.77 | 1 3 17.25 | 8.18 | | 7 | 17 13.47 | 0.8 | 55 55.8 | 18.47 | | 8 | 10 13.9 | 0.82 | 49 0.65 | 14.12 | | 9 | 3 39.44 | 0.81 | 42 32.15 | 8.10 | | 10 | 10 57 45.72 | 0.76 | 36 30.5 | 15.98 | | 12 | 47 0.92 | 0.57 | 25 47.9 | 13.59 | | 13 | 42 19.98 | 0.44 | 21 8.3 | 12.12 | | 14 | 33 8.83 | 0.30 | 16 55.97 | 13.16 | | 16 | 31 5.41 | +0.0 | 9 54.24 | 11.17 | | 17 | 28 16.78 | -0.15 | 7 6.17 | 14.01 | | 18 | 25 55.54 | 0.29 | 4 44.51 | 10.74 | | 19 | 24 2.97 | 0.41 | 2 51.80 | 10.76 | | 20 | 22 41.49 | 0.49 | 1 27.33 | 13.67 | | 21 | 21 46.36 | 0.52 | 0 31.15 | 14.69 | | 22 | 21 8.11 | 0.53 | 0 3.30 | 4.28 | | 23 | 21 11.99 | 0.51 | 0 3.79 | 7.69 | | 24 | 21 41.09 | 0.44 | 0 32.64 | 8.01 | | 25 | 22 51.85 | -0.36 | 1 29.78 | 21.71 | | 28 | 28 29.21 | +0.05 | 7 10.84 | 18.32 | **Luni-solar nutation** ......................... -8.51 **Mean zenith distance of Tropic of Capricorn** ............... 10 21 4.20 **Mean zenith distance of Cancer from all preceding observation** .......... 57 16 24.8 **Half sum latitude of the observatory** .......... 33 48 44.5 But by applying to the above zenith distance 10° 21' 4".20, the mean obliquity 23° 27' 43".1 found with the mural, we obtain 33° 48' 47".4 for latitude. ### Northern Solstice, June 1828. | Date | True Meridian Zenith Dist. of Sun's Centre | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | True Zenith Distance of Tropic of Cancer | |------|------------------------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------|----------------------------------------| | June 12 | 56° 57' 54.85" +0.17" | 18° 20.30" | 57° 16' 15.32" | | | 13 | 1° 41.76" | 0.31" | 14° 39.18" | 21° 25" | | 14 | 4° 51.50" | 0.42" | 11° 23.35" | 15° 27" | | 15 | 7° 43.59" | 0.49" | 8° 31.77" | 15° 85" | | 16 | 10° 9.9" | 0.53" | 6° 5.04" | 15° 47" | | 17 | 12° 16.0" | 0.50" | 4° 2.95" | 19° 45" | | 18 | 13° 50.08" | 0.49" | 2° 25.42" | 10° 00" | | 19 | 15° 8.69" | 0.43" | 1° 12.99" | 22° 10" | | 20 | 15° 57.40" | 0.28" | 0° 25.1" | 22° 78" | | 21 | 16° 17.50" | 0.16" | 0° 2.2" | 19° 66" | | 22 | 15° 57.30" | +0.04" | 0° 4.08" | 1° 42" | | 25 | 13° 24.6" | -0.38" | 2° 38.3" | 2° 52" | | 26 | 11° 47.4" | 0.53" | 4° 18.92" | 5° 79" | | 28 | 7° 25.61" | 0.75" | 8° 54.74" | 19° 6" | | 29 | 4° 13.45" | 0.81" | 11° 48.96" | 1° 61" | | 30 | 1° 6.0" | 0.83" | 15° 8.33" | 13° 50" | | July 2 | 56° 52' 59.4" | -0.73" | 22° 59.17" | 15° 57.84" | **Luni-solar nutation:** 57° 16' 13.46" + 9.3" **Mean zenith distance of Tropic of Cancer:** 57° 16' 22.76" **Mean obliquity:** 23° 27' 43.1" **Latitude:** 33° 48' 39.66" This solstice was observed partly by reflection. --- ### Southern Solstice, December 1828. | Date | True Mer. Zen. Distance of Sun's Apparent Place | Corr. for Sun's Latitude | Reduction to Solstice | True Zenith Distance of Tropic of Capricorn | |------|-----------------------------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------| | Dec. 14 | 10° 35' 17.34" | -0.32" | -14° 2.37" | 10° 21' 14.65" | | 15 | 31° 53.9" | -0.19" | 10° 38.92" | 14° 80" | | 16 | 29° 1.96" | -0.05" | 7° 43.36" | 18° 55" | | 17 | 26° 34.9" | +0.08" | 5° 15.73" | 19° 25" | | 18 | 24° 29.9" | 0.24" | 3° 16.41" | 13° 73" | | 19 | 22° 56.43" | 0.38" | 1° 45.20" | 11° 61" | | 20 | 21° 54.93" | 0.50" | 0° 42.15" | 13° 28" | | 21 | 21° 19.77" | +0.59" | -0° 7.48" | 12° 88" | **Luni-solar nutation:** 10° 21' 14.83" - 9.8" **Mean zenith dist. of Tropic of Capricorn:** 10° 21' 5.03" **Mean obliquity:** 23° 27' 42.78" **Latitude:** 33° 48' 47.81" This solstice was interrupted on account of my departure. --- Solstices observed with the Mural Circle. The reductions of these solstices have been made as well with the view of deducing the obliquity of the ecliptic from the polar point found by upper and lower culminations of circumpolar stars, as to correct this polar point by an assumed obliquity, for the reduction of the stars observed with the mural circle. ## Northern Solstice, June 1822. | Year | Month | Day | Limb | Therm. | Barom. | Microscopes | Refr. Par. | Semidiam. | Reduction to Solstice | Correction for Lat. | S. P. D. of Tropic not corrected for Polar Point | |------|-------|-----|------|--------|--------|-------------|-----------|-----------|----------------------|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------| | 1822 | June | 9 | L | 5°4' | 29.97 | I: 13°7'45.0" | II: 7°31.5' | III: 7°50.5' | IV: 7°47.7' | 1°21.23 | 15°46.65 | 34°40.67 | 0.41 | 113°28'0.21" | 27°47.11' | 28°6.11" | 28°3.21" | | | | | U | 56° | ,,80 | I: 112°40'57.0" | II: 40°36.4' | III: 41°3.5' | IV: 41°4.0' | ,,19.07 | ,,55 | 29°33.96 | +0.26 | ,,27°36.94' | 16°34.27' | 27°43.44' | 27°43.94' | | | | | U | 58° | ,,63 | I: ,,45°56.8' | II: 45°35.0' | III: 45°56.0' | IV: ,,18.47' | ,,47°24' | 51.11' | ,,0.12 | ,,53.0 | ,,31.20' | ,,49.2' | ,,51.8' | | | | | U | 59.7° | ,,75 | I: ,,50°3.2' | II: 49°58.7' | III: 50°3.7' | IV: 50°0.0' | ,,20.46 | ,,38 | 20°32.59' | ,,0.03 | ,,42.62' | ,,38.12' | ,,43.12' | ,,39.42' | | | | | U | 63° | ,,80 | I: ,,53°58.0' | II: 53°40.0' | III: 54°8.0' | IV: 54°5.0' | ,,18.52 | ,,26 | 16°38.49' | ,,0.19 | ,,41.12' | ,,23.12' | ,,51.12' | ,,48.12' | | | | | U | 59.5° | 29.95 | I: 112°57'26.0" | II: 57°7.3' | III: 57°32.4' | IV: 57°24.0' | ,,19.78 | 15°46.19' | ,,13°7.82' | ,,0.30 | 113°27'39.51' | 27°20.81' | 27°45.91' | 27°37.51' | | | | | U | 59° | 30.09 | I: 113°0'25.0" | II: 0°13.7' | III: 0°37.0' | IV: 0°25.5' | ,,20.38 | ,,12 | 10°3.52' | ,,0.31 | ,,34.69' | ,,23.39' | ,,46.69' | ,,35.19' | | | | | U | 54° | ,,06 | I: ,,3°4.7' | II: 2°56.7' | III: 3°21.0' | IV: 3°8.5' | ,,23.06 | ,,05 | 7°22.98' | ,,0.39 | ,,36.33' | ,,28.53' | ,,52.63' | ,,40.13' | | | | | L | 59° | 29.90 | I: ,,38°49.0' | II: 38°29.0' | III: 38°59.3' | IV: 39°10.5' | ,,22.01 | ,,45.91 | 3°16.16' | ,,0.39 | ,,40.87' | ,,20.87' | ,,51.17' | ,,28°2.37' | | | | | U | 52° | ,,81 | I: ,,8°38.7' | II: 8°26.3' | III: 8°50.5' | IV: 8°56.5' | ,,21.42 | ,,85 | 1°49.86' | ,,0.32 | ,,35.56' | ,,23.16' | ,,47.36' | ,,27°53.36' | | | | | L | 51.5° | 29.92 | I: 113°41'21.3" | II: 41°12.0' | III: 41°37.3' | IV: 41°31.0' | ,,23.71 | 15°45.79' | 0°48.41' | ,,0.22 | 113°27'47.3' | 27°37.99' | 28°3.30' | 27°57.00' | | | | | U | 51.5° | ,,90 | I: ,,10°16.0' | II: 9°59.2' | III: 10°29.1' | IV: 10°18.0' | ,,21.84 | ,,74 | 0°11.77' | ,,0.12 | ,,35.29' | ,,18.49' | ,,27°48.39' | ,,37.29' | | | | | L | 56.5° | ,,71 | I: ,,42°5.7' | II: 41°49.8' | III: 42°19.1' | IV: 42°15.5' | ,,21.16 | ,,65 | 0°13.07' | ,,0.17 | ,,54.40' | ,,38.50' | ,,28°7.8' | ,,54.2' | | | | | U | 59° | ,,99 | I: ,,0°18.8' | II: 0°7.8' | III: 0°30.8' | IV: 0°33.7' | ,,20.2 | ,,52 | 10°11.38' | ,,0.85 | ,,36.63' | ,,25.63' | ,,27°48.49' | ,,51.22' | Mean of the four Microscopes: 113°27'51.115" Luni-solar nutation: -6.77" Reduction to January 1, 1823: -0.22" True S. P. D. of Tropic: 113°27'51.16" Mean obliquity, January 1, 1823: 23°27'44.125" ## Southern Solstice, December 1822. | Year | Month | Day | Limb | Therm. | Barom. | Microscopes | Refr. Par. | Semidiam. | Reduction to Solstice | Correction for Lat. | S. P. D. of Tropic not corrected for Polar Point | |------|-------|-----|------|--------|--------|-------------|-----------|-----------|----------------------|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------| | 1822 | Dec.14| | U | 86° | 29.48 | I: 104°27'26.0" | II: 27°46.5' | III: 22°42.3' | IV: 22°33.0' | 7°94 | 16°16.86' | 16°4.8' | +0.2 | 104°27'46.3' | 28°6.7' | 28°2.5' | 27°53.2' | | | | | L | 82.8° | ,,59 | I: ,,56°32.8' | II: 56°51.0' | III: 56°44.3' | IV: 56°39.6' | 8.6 | ,,91 | 12°26.1' | +0.1 | ,,58.4 | ,,16.6 | ,,9.9 | 28°5.2 | | | | | U | 76.7° | ,,67 | I: ,,17°47.0' | II: 18°19.0' | III: 18°18.0' | IV: 17°56.0' | 8.2 | ,,17.21 | 6°32.3' | ,,0.2 | ,,39.9 | ,,11.9 | ,,10.9 | 27°41.9 | | | | | U | 71.3° | ,,92 | I: ,,13°47.4' | II: 14°21.4' | III: 14°2.7' | IV: 13°56.2' | 8.3 | ,,36 | 2°31.1' | ,,0.5 | ,,41.5 | ,,15.5 | ,,27°56.8' | ,,49.3 | | | | | L | 85.5° | ,,75 | I: ,,45°11.7' | II: 45°45.0' | III: 45°17.4' | IV: 45°24.3' | 8.3 | ,,36 | 1°12.7' | ,,0.6 | ,,49.3 | ,,22.6 | ,,55.0 | ,,28°1.9 | | | | | U | 75.2° | 29.95 | I: 104°11'54.4" | II: 12°17.2' | III: 11°57.1' | IV: 11°45.9' | 8.3 | 16°17.56' | 0°22.7' | ,,0.7 | 104°27'56.8' | 28°19.6' | 27°59.5' | 27°48.3' | | | | | L | 80.8° | 30.01 | I: ,,44°2.3' | II: 44°30.7' | III: 44°21.8' | IV: 44°13.6' | 8.5 | ,,44 | 0°1.0' | ,,0.8 | ,,51.5 | ,,19.9 | ,,28°11.0' | ,,28°2.8' | | | | | L | 85° | 29.98 | I: ,,44°5.3' | II: 44°38.8' | III: 44°26.6' | IV: 44°17.5' | 8.4 | ,,54 | 0°7.6' | ,,0.9 | ,,47.6 | ,,21.1 | ,,8.9 | 27°59.8' | | | | | U | 91.8° | ,,95 | I: ,,12°4.2' | II: 12°40.7' | III: 12°40.4' | IV: 12°10.3' | 7.9 | ,,6 | 0°42.6' | ,,0.9 | ,,46.2 | ,,22.7 | ,,22.4 | ,,52.3 | | | | | U | 98° | 30.00 | I: ,,13°11.0' | II: 13°39.5' | III: 13°24.3' | IV: 13°11.3' | 7.8 | ,,72 | 1°45.8' | ,,0.9 | ,,49.8 | ,,18.3 | ,,3.1 | ,,50.1 | | | | | L | 86.5° | ,,89 | I: ,,49°16.1' | II: 49°44.3' | III: 49°33.2' | IV: 49°18.3' | 8.5 | ,,66 | 5°17.0' | ,,0.8 | ,,49.1 | ,,17.3 | ,,6.2 | ,,51.3 | | | | | U | 91° | ,,97 | I: ,,19°1.4' | II: 19°38.9' | III: 19°20.5' | IV: 19°14.3' | 8.0 | ,,76 | 7°45.0' | ,,0.7 | ,,41.5 | ,,19.0 | ,,0.6 | ,,54.4 | Mean of the four Microscopes: 66°32'9.71" Luni-solar nutation and reduction: +5.68" True S. P. D. of Tropic: 66°32'10.96" Mean obliquity, January 1, 1823: 23°27'44.61" ## MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS ### Northern Solstice, June 1826. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. Par. | Semidiam. | Reduction to Solstice | Correction for Lat. | S. P. D. of Tropic not corrected for Polar Point | |------|--------|--------|-------------|-----------|-----------|-----------------------|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | | | June 3 | L | 29.95 | 66 | 113 9 19 | 9 20.5 | 9 20.3 | 9 30 | 1 16.97 | 15 47.4 | 1 13 31.1 | -0.53 | 24 8 19.2 | 8 20.7 | 8 20.5 | 8 23.2 | | 4 | U | ,,97 | 62 | 112 45 12.4 | 45 12.6 | 45 2.5 | 45 18.8 | ,, 16.65 | ,, 47.3 | ,, 6 2.0 | 0.4 | ,, 17.9 | ,, 18.2 | ,, 8.0 | ,, 24.4 | | 5 | L | 30.01 | 55 | 113 23 56 | 23 55 | 23 48 | 23 58.5 | ,, 19.74 | ,, 47.2 | ,, 58 56.6 | 0.2 | ,, 24.9 | ,, 24.0 | ,, 17.0 | ,, 27.5 | | 6 | U | 29.92 | 61 | 112 59 1.7 | 59 0 | 58 52.7 | 59 1.7 | ,, 17.38 | ,, 47.1 | ,, 52 14.2 | -0.1 | ,, 20.3 | ,, 18.6 | ,, 11.3 | ,, 20.2 | | 7 | L | ,,74 | 60 | 113 36 55 | 36 54 | 36 48.7 | 37 1.7 | ,, 19.1 | ,, 46.9 | ,, 45 55.9 | +0.1 | ,, 23.2 | ,, 22.2 | ,, 11.9 | ,, 29.8 | | 9 | L | 29.95 | 58 | 113 48 20.5 | 48 18.5 | 48 11.2 | 48 20.8 | 1 20.65 | 15 46.8 | 1 34 31.1 | +0.3 | 24 8 25.7 | 8 23.8 | 8 16.4 | 8 26.1 | | 10 | U | ,,98 | 56 | ,, 21 55.7 | 21 49 | 21 42.3 | 21 59.2 | ,, 19.7 | ,, 46.7 | ,, 29 24.7 | 0.4 | ,, 27.2 | ,, 20.5 | ,, 13.4 | ,, 30.7 | | 12 | L | 30.15 | 55 | 114 2 21 | 2 21 | 2 12.0 | 2 27.8 | ,, 22.5 | ,, 46.5 | ,, 20 24.8 | 0.5 | ,, 22.4 | ,, 22.4 | ,, 13.4 | ,, 29.2 | | 13 | L | ,,25 | 51 | ,, 6 17 | 6 23 | 6 13.0 | 6 27.0 | ,, 23.9 | ,, 46.4 | ,, 16 31.4 | 0.5 | ,, 26.4 | ,, 32.5 | ,, 22.4 | ,, 36.5 | | 14 | U | ,,24 | 49 | 113 38 9 | 38 8 | 38 0 | 38 17 | ,, 22.5 | ,, 46.3 | ,, 13 2.4 | 0.4 | ,, 20.6 | ,, 19.6 | ,, 11.6 | ,, 28.6 | | 15 | L | 30.14 | 55 | 114 12 49 | 12 46 | 12 39.3 | 12 53.5 | 1 23.1 | 15 46.2 | 1 9 58.2 | +0.4 | 24 8 29.9 | 8 27.0 | 8 20.2 | 8 34.5 | | 16 | L | 29.91 | 63 | ,, 15 35.7 | 15 28 | 15 18.5 | 15 37.6 | ,, 21.3 | ,, 46.1 | ,, 7 18.7 | 0.3 | ,, 29.8 | ,, 22.1 | ,, 12.6 | ,, 31.7 | | 17 | U | ,,80 | 67.5 | 113 46 16.2 | 46 12.8 | 46 1.5 | 46 18.6 | ,, 18.4 | ,, 46.0 | ,, 5 3.8 | -0.1 | ,, 24.3 | ,, 21.0 | ,, 9.6 | ,, 26.8 | | 18 | U | ,,97 | 56 | ,, 48 2 | 48 2 | 47 53 | 48 2.7 | ,, 21.1 | ,, 46.0 | ,, 3 13.3 | 0.2 | ,, 22.1 | ,, 22.1 | ,, 13.1 | ,, 22.8 | | 19 | U | 30.05 | 53 | ,, 49 23 | 49 20 | 49 13 | 49 23.1 | ,, 21.9 | ,, 45.9 | ,, 1 47.9 | 0.3 | ,, 18.4 | ,, 15.4 | ,, 8.4 | ,, 18.5 | | 20 | L | 30.03 | 57 | 114 22 3 | 21 59 | 21 52 | 22 6.7 | 1 23.0 | 15 45.9 | 1 1 47.0 | -0.4 | 24 8 26.7 | 8 22.7 | 8 15.7 | 8 30.4 | | 21 | U | 29.87 | 61.5 | 113 50 59 | 50 59 | 50 48.8 | 51 3.7 | ,, 19.9 | ,, 45.8 | ,, 11.2 | 0.5 | ,, 15.4 | ,, 15.5 | ,, 5.2 | ,, 20.2 | | 22 | L | ,,84 | 65.5 | 114 22 51.5 | 22 51.5 | 22 40.2 | 22 57.5 | ,, 21.0 | ,, 45.8 | ,, 0.0 | 0.6 | ,, 26.1 | ,, 26.1 | ,, 14.8 | ,, 32.1 | | 23 | U | 30.03 | 57 | 113 51 0.3 | 51 0 | 50 53.5 | 51 5.3 | ,, 21.2 | ,, 45.8 | ,, 13.7 | 0.7 | ,, 20.3 | ,, 20.0 | ,, 13.5 | ,, 25.3 | | 24 | L | 29.70 | 55 | 114 21 54 | 21 52.5 | 21 44.2 | 22 0 | ,, 22.4 | ,, 45.8 | ,, 52.1 | 0.8 | ,, 21.9 | ,, 20.4 | ,, 12.1 | ,, 27.9 | | 25 | U | 29.63 | 55 | 113 49 20 | 49 16.1 | 49 12 | 49 26 | 1 20.3 | 15 45.7 | 1 1 55.2 | -0.8 | 24 8 20.4 | 8 16.5 | 8 12.4 | 8 26.4 | | 26 | U | ,,93 | 53 | ,, 47 55 | 47 45 | 47 49 | 47 57.5 | ,, 21.5 | ,, 45.7 | ,, 3 23.1 | 0.8 | ,, 24.5 | ,, 14.5 | ,, 18.5 | ,, 27.0 | | 27 | L | 30.19 | 50 | 114 17 28.7 | 17 23 | 17 12.7 | 17 33.3 | ,, 24.5 | ,, 45.7 | ,, 5 15.7 | 0.8 | ,, 22.4 | ,, 16.7 | ,, 6.4 | ,, 27.0 | | 28 | U | ,,23 | 53 | 113 43 47 | 43 44 | 43 32.7 | 43 47.3 | ,, 22.1 | ,, 45.6 | ,, 7 33.0 | 0.7 | ,, 27.0 | ,, 24.0 | ,, 12.7 | ,, 27.3 | | 29 | U | ,,113 | 55 | ,, 41 4.4 | 41 6 | 40 52.8 | 41 6.3 | ,, 21.2 | ,, 45.6 | ,, 10 14.9 | 0.6 | ,, 25.5 | ,, 27.1 | ,, 13.9 | ,, 27.4 | | July 1 | L | ,,05 | 58.5 | 114 6 0.0 | 5 55 | 5 49.3 | 6 5 | ,, 21.7 | ,, 45.5 | ,, 16 51.9 | 0.4 | ,, 27.7 | ,, 22.7 | ,, 17.0 | ,, 32.7 | **Luni-solar nutation** **S. P. D. of Tropic of Cancer from zero of circle** **Polar point by circumpolar stars** **Mean obliquity June 15, 1826** **Mean of four Microscopes** But assuming the obliquity = $23^\circ 27' 43.9$ as given in the Nautical Almanack, we have for polar points: - I. $40^\circ 44.6$ - II. $40^\circ 42.5$ - III. $40^\circ 34.25$ - IV. $40^\circ 48.8$ the circumpolar stars give: - I. $40^\circ 44.7$ - II. $40^\circ 43.3$ - III. $40^\circ 41.7$ - IV. $40^\circ 48.2$ ## Southern Solstice, December 1826. | Year | Barom. | Ther. | Observed S.P.D. | Limb. | Refract. Parallax | Reduct. to Solstice | Semidiameter | Corr. for Sun's Lat. | True South Polar Dist. of Tropic* | |------|--------|-------|----------------|------|------------------|--------------------|--------------|---------------------|----------------------------------| | Dec. | | | | | | | | | | | 129.75 | 102 | 68 32 36.79 | L | 9.25 | 1 44 10.2 | 16 15.5 | -0.16 | 66 32 20.18 | | 330.26 | 73 | 67 41 41.32 | U | 9.55 | ,, 25 47.5 | ,, 15.8 | 0.34 | ,, 18.83 | | 430.15 | 75 | 68 5 44.92 | L | 9.85 | ,, 17 13.9 | ,, 15.9 | 0.42 | ,, 24.55 | | 529.94 | 81 | 67 25 2.64 | U | 9.00 | ,, 9 6.3 | ,, 16.0 | 0.52 | ,, 20.82 | | 629.91 | 90 | 67 49 55.52 | L | 9.08 | ,, 1 25.6 | ,, 16.2 | 0.54 | ,, 22.26 | | 729.97 | 89 | 67 10 5.34 | U | 8.60 | 0 54 9.8 | ,, 16.3 | -0.51 | ,, 19.89 | | 1029.72| 83 | 67 23 30.72 | L | 8.69 | ,, 35 4.6 | ,, 16.6 | 0.25 | ,, 17.96 | | 1129.88| 81 | 67 18 2.29 | L | 8.69 | ,, 29 36.9 | ,, 16.7 | 0.10 | ,, 17.28 | | 1230.01| 75 | 66 40 28.57 | U | 8.61 | ,, 24 36.3 | ,, 16.8 | +0.05 | ,, 17.67 | | 1330.08| 74 | 67 8 34.09 | L | 9.03 | ,, 20 3.3 | ,, 16.9 | 0.20 | ,, 23.12 | | 1430.08| 80 | 66 31 50.85 | U | 8.39 | ,, 15 57.8 | ,, 16.9 | +0.35 | ,, 18.69 | | 1530.214| 78 | 67 0 54.32 | L | 8.82 | ,, 12 20.1 | ,, 17.0 | 0.51 | ,, 26.55 | | 2129.94| 78 | 66 48 54.27 | L | 8.66 | ,, 0 21.82 | ,, 17.5 | 0.76 | ,, 24.37 | | 2229.99| 75 | 66 15 55.82 | U | 8.83 | ,, 0 0.83 | ,, 17.5 | 0.67 | ,, 21.98 | | 2329.99| 83 | 66 16 5.84 | U | 8.1 | ,, 0 8.16 | ,, 17.6 | 0.59 | ,, 23.93 | | 2430.05| 79 | 67 49 12.62 | L | 8.56 | ,, 0 43.82 | ,, 17.7 | +0.45 | ,, 20.11 | | 2530.05| 75 | 66 17 42.99 | U | 8.2 | ,, 1 47.84 | ,, 17.7 | 0.30 | ,, 21.35 | | 2630.10| 72 | 66 19 15.28 | U | 8.4 | ,, 3 20.14 | ,, 17.7 | 0.29 | ,, 21.53 | | 2929.95| 72 | 66 26 40.62 | U | 8.4 | ,, 10 46.51 | ,, 17.7 | 0.25 | ,, 20.46 | | 3029.90| 74 | 66 30 4.94 | U | 8.4 | ,, 14 11.55 | ,, 17.8 | -0.11 | ,, 19.48 | ### Mean - **Luni-solar nutation**: -6.32 ### Mean obliquity, Jan. 1, 1827. - **True South Polar Dist. of Tropic**: 23° 27' 43.98" --- * In the above Solstice the Polar Point has been already applied to the South Polar Distances. ## MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS ### Northern Solstice, June 1827. | Date | Limb | Barom. | Inside Ther. | Outside Ther. | Observed Mean of the four Microscopes | Bessel's Refract. | Paral. | Semidiameter. | Reduction to Solstice. | Cor. for Sun's Lat. | Apt. Obliquity not corr. for Polar Point. | |------|------|--------|--------------|---------------|-------------------------------------|------------------|-------|---------------|----------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------| | June | L | 30.313 | 68 | 60 | 112 25 32.7 | 1 24.98 | 7.04 | -15 47.6 | 1 31 36 | +0.68 | 23 42 39.72 | | | L | 30.246 | 56.5 | 62 | 33 55.95 | 24.99 | 7.04 | 47.5 | 23 15.3 | 0.65 | 42.25 | | | L | 30.134 | 56 | 66.5 | 41 43.82 | 24.11 | 7.15 | 47.4 | 15 17.85 | 0.60 | 31.83 | | | U | 30.076 | | 69.5 | 24 58.62 | 22.70 | 7.12 | 47.1 | 0 33.0 | 0.39 | 34.69 | | | U | 30.152 | | 61.5 | 44 5.85 | 25.32 | 7.15 | 46.9 | 0 41 22.35 | -0.08 | 33.19 | | | U | 30.105 | | 57.5 | 113 8 12.25 | 27.01 | 7.19 | 46.3 | 17 24.65 | 0.65 | 42.37 | | | L | 29.797 | | 55 | 43 17.55 | 28.79 | 7.23 | 46.24 | 13 50.02 | 0.67 | 42.22 | | | L | 29.828 | | 65 | 46 26.72 | 27.03 | 7.23 | 46.13 | 10 39.9 | 0.68 | 39.61 | | | U | 30.034 | | 58.5 | 17 35.2 | 27.30 | 7.20 | 46.02 | 7 54.39 | 0.64 | 36.07 | | | L | 30.322 | | 58 | 53 28.12 | 30.08 | 7.25 | 45.96 | 3 37.34 | 0.53 | 41.77 | Apparent obliquity ........................................... 23° 27' 36" 18 Mean ........................................................................ 23 42 38.54 Luni-solar nutation .............................................. +7.5 Reduction to Jan. 1, 1828 ....................................... -0.26 Mean obliquity, Jan. 1, 1828 .................................... 23 27 43.42 ### Southern Solstice, December 1827. | Date | Limb | Barom. | Therm. | Semidiam. | Refr. Par. | Reduction to Solstice. | Corr. for Sun's Lat. | S. P. D. of Tropic not corrected for Polar Point. | Mean of four Microscopes. | |------|------|--------|--------|-----------|------------|----------------------|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------| | Dec. | L | 29.948 | 76 | 16 15.6 | 9.92 | 1 27 57.8 | +0.4 | 66 47 6.42 47 9.22 47 11.22 47 10.92 47 9.445 | | | U | 29.927 | 77 | 15.87 | 9.64 | 11 5.06 | 0.68 | 46 59.13 47 7.43 4.13 6.38 4.277 | | | U | 30.028 | 74 | 16.0 | 9.17 | 3 17.25 | 0.77 | 47 3.17 8.17 5.17 13.67 7.545 | | | U | 29.99 | 83 | 16.13 | 8.8 | 55 55.8 | 0.80 | 46 54.9 46 57.94 46 59.9 4.4 46 59.285 | | | U | 29.928 | 90 | 16.27 | 8.51 | 49 0.65 | 0.82 | 46 57.22 47 7.72 47 2.32 7.12 47 3.595 | | | U | 29.742 | 100 | 16.36 | 8.11 | 42 32.15 | 0.81 | 47 5.91 14.41 6.91 17.41 11.16 | | | L | 29.70 | 84.3 | 16.49 | 8.83 | 36 30.5 | 0.76 | 47 6.56 13.26 4.66 13.6 9.52 | | | L | 29.606 | 90.5 | 16.73 | 8.54 | 25 47.9 | 0.57 | 46 57.57 7.97 6.57 11.47 5.895 | | | U | 29.577 | 99.5 | 16.84 | 7.66 | 21 8.3 | 0.44 | 46 58.94 7.66 46 57.84 6.64 2.77 | | | L | 29.784 | 80.5 | 17.02 | 8.68 | 16 55.97 | +0.30 | 46 54.5 9.0 47 11.6 17.7 8.2 | Mean ........................................................................ 66 46 59.21 47 8.26 47 4.673 47 9.968 47 5.528 Polar point per circumpolar stars ................................ 14 37.14 14 41.05 14 39.49 14 41.58 14 39.81 Mean S.P.D. of Tropic of Capricorn ................................ 66° 32' 17" 208 Mean S.P.D. of Cancer from last Solstice 113 27 43.42 Half diff. mean obliquity, Jan. 1, 1828 ................................ 23 27 43.108 Luni-solar nutation .............................................. -8.51 The mean of all the observations derived from the upper limb is $66^\circ 32' 15''.98$, from the lower limb $66^\circ 32' 18''.215$, the mean of the two is $66^\circ 32' 17''.096$, which gives for obliquity $23^\circ 27' 43''.162$; this is probably the most correct way to proceed. From these observations it appears that I observe the Sun's apparent diameter too great. ### Northern Solstice, June 1828. | 1828 | Limb. | Barom. | Ther. | Observed South Polar Distance | Refract. Parallax | Semidiameter | Reduction to Solstice | Corr. for Sun's Lat. | Apparent Obliquity of Ecliptic | |------|-------|--------|-------|-------------------------------|------------------|--------------|----------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------| | June | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | U | 30.03 | 59 | 111° 53' 10.9'' | 1° 16.82 | 1° 47.5 | 1° 17' 13.7'' | -0.82 | 23° 27' 27.58'' | | 4 | U | 29.90 | 58 | 112° 8' 6.5'' | 1° 17.14 | 1° 47.1 | 1° 2' 17.3'' | 0.77 | 37° 2'' | | 6 | L | 29.76 | 57 | 53° 12.55'' | 1° 19.44 | 1° 46.95 | 0° 48' 54.6'' | 0.57 | 38° 4'' | | 7 | L | 29.49 | 58.2 | 59° 16.3'' | 1° 18.79 | 1° 46.8 | 1° 42' 48.9'' | 0.3 | 36° 8.9'' | | 9 | L | 29.47 | 62 | 113° 10' 14.4'' | 1° 18.67 | 1° 46.7 | 1° 31' 48.8'' | 0.17 | 35° 0'' | | 10 | L | 29.75 | 56 | 15° 6.5'' | 1° 20.90 | 1° 46.55 | 1° 26' 55.1'' | -0.0 | 39° 5.5'' | | 11 | U | 29.71 | 56 | 112° 48' 0.3'' | 1° 19.15 | 1° 46.42 | 1° 22' 25.5'' | +0.17 | 31° 5.4'' | | 13 | U | 30.06 | 50 | 55° 51.7'' | 1° 21.71 | 1° 46.30 | 1° 14' 39.65'' | 0.31 | 39° 6.6'' | | 14 | L | 29.99 | 57.3 | 113° 30' 37.7'' | 1° 22.19 | 1° 46.22 | 1° 11' 23.59'' | 0.42 | 37° 2.6'' | | 15 | L | 29.65 | 70 | 33° 28.0'' | 1° 18.86 | 1° 46.13 | 1° 8' 31.9'' | 0.49 | 33° 12'' | | 16 | U | 29.69 | 66.5 | 4° 22.6'' | 1° 18.17 | 1° 46.05 | 1° 6' 5.04'' | +0.53 | 32° 3.9'' | | 17 | L | 30.05 | 60 | 37° 53.1'' | 1° 22.29 | 1° 45.97 | 1° 4' 2.95'' | 0.50 | 32° 8.7'' | | 18 | L | 30.18 | 56.5 | 39° 37.45'' | 1° 23.74 | 1° 45.88 | 1° 2' 25.57'' | 0.49 | 41° 3.7'' | | 19 | U | 30.35 | 58.2 | 9° 8.5'' | 1° 21.97 | 1° 45.8 | 1° 1' 12.98'' | 0.43 | 29° 7.1'' | | 20 | U | 29.295 | 58 | 9° 58.7'' | 1° 21.85 | 1° 45.8 | 1° 0' 25.21'' | 0.28 | 31° 8.4'' | | 21 | L | 30.27 | 60 | 41° 51.3'' | 1° 23.12 | 1° 45.7 | 1° 0' 2.25'' | +0.16 | 31° 1.3'' | | 22 | U | 30.23 | 65.5 | 10° 19.1'' | 1° 20.31 | 1° 45.7 | 1° 0' 4.08'' | 0.04 | 29° 2.3'' | | 23 | L | 30.18 | 70 | 41° 26.65'' | 1° 21.13 | 1° 45.6 | 1° 0' 30.72'' | -0.08 | 32° 8.2'' | | 25 | U | 30.25 | 58.3 | 7° 38.6'' | 1° 21.49 | 1° 45.6 | 1° 2' 38.23'' | 0.38 | 23° 5.4'' | | 26 | L | 30.22 | 61.5 | 37° 37.15'' | 1° 22.99 | 1° 45.6 | 1° 4' 18.92'' | 0.53 | 32° 9.3'' | | 28 | L | 30.27 | 62.5 | 32° 59'' | 1° 22.69 | 1° 45.6 | 1° 8' 53.24'' | -0.75 | 28° 5.8'' | | 29 | L | 30.15 | 66 | 30° 7.4'' | 1° 21.14 | 1° 45.5 | 1° 11' 49.12'' | 0.81 | 31° 3.5'' | | 30 | U | 30.13 | 58 | 112° 55' 20.6'' | 1° 20.48 | 1° 45.5 | 1° 15' 18.12'' | 0.83 | 33° 8.7'' | | July | 2 | U | 29.86 | 61° 47' 29'' | 1° 18.66 | 1° 45.5 | 1° 22' 59.4'' | 0.73 | 31° 8.3'' | | | 4 | L | 29.82 | 54.5° 113° 9' 32.15'' | 1° 21.00 | 1° 45.5 | 1° 32' 27.2'' | 0.52 | 34° 2.3'' | | 5 | U | 30.14 | 57 | 112° 32' 42.8'' | 1° 19.37 | 1° 45.5 | 1° 37' 47.0'' | -0.31 | 34° 3.6'' | | 6 | U | 30.25 | 57 | 27° 0.7'' | 1° 19.49 | 1° 45.6 | 1° 43' 31.0'' | 0.15 | 36° 6.5'' | | 7 | U | 30.01 | 55.5 | 20° 52.8'' | 1° 18.74 | 1° 45.6 | 1° 49' 38.7'' | -0.00 | 35° 8'' | Mean by upper limbs ........................................... 23° 27' 32.37'' Mean by lower limbs ........................................... 27° 34.71'' Mean of centre .................................................. 23° 27' 33.54'' Luni-solar nutat. and reduct. to Jan. 1, 1828 .............. +9.5 Mean obliquity, Jan. 1, 1828 ................................. 23° 27' 43.04'' In this Solstice the Polar Point had been previously applied to the Observations. The Solstice for December 1828, which was observed alternately direct and by reflection, has been already recorded, page 11, amongst the Observations for the Latitude. **Observations of Planets.** 1. Inferior Conjunctions of Venus. Observations of the inferior Conjunction of Venus, December 1826, with the Mural Circle. The following South Polar Distances of Venus observed with the mural circle are neither corrected for refraction nor parallax. In the Observations after conjunction, the interval between the transits is to be deducted from the sun’s culmination on the next following day, in order to have the transit of Venus on the given day. From December 18, till the 28th, the weather was unfavourable. | Before Conjunction | After Conjunction | |-------------------|------------------| | **1826.** Barom. Therm. Observed S. P. D. of Venus. Interval between the Transits of ♀ 1st Limb and ○ Centre. | **1826.** Barom. Therm. Observed S. P. D. of Venus. Interval between the Transits of ♀ 2nd Limb and ○ Centre. | | Dec. 1 29.72 100 64 18 42.84 U 2 15 22.9 | Dec. 28 29.95 71.5 70 19 57.14 U 0 34 21.66 | | 3 30.26 71 64 38 32.39 U 2 7 8.77 | 29 29.90 73 70 32 42.14 U 0 41 4.84 | | 4 30.15 75 64 49 50.52 L 2 2 45.27 | Jan. 3 29.51 89 71 27 43.12 U 1 12 51.95 | | 5 29.90 84 65 0 28.32 | 4 29.45 79.5 71 36 52.95 U 1 18 46.82 | | 6 29.87 86 65 11 29.26 L 1 53 21.66 | 5 29.51 79.5 71 45 13.62 U 1 24 31.27 | | 7 29.97 89 65 21 49.44 U 1 48 23.29 | 6 29.75 80 71 52 53.94 U 1 30 5.7 | | 10 29.72 82 65 58 28.6 L 1 32 20.96 | 7 29.72 78.2 71 59 54.21 U 1 35 29.62 | | 11 29.84 84 66 10 50.57 L 1 26 37.81 | 8 29.873 78 72 6 9.37 U 1 40 42.95 | | 12 30.00 75 66 23 43.18 L 1 20 43.71 | 9 29.79 86 72 11 42.77 U 1 45 45.35 | | 14 30.074 78 66 49 2.45 U 1 8 27.35 | 10 29.82 82 72 16 40.37 U 1 50 36.65 | | 15 30.214 78 67 2 37.8 U 1 2 4.79 | | | 16 30.18 78 67 16 28.49 U 0 55 34.61 | | | 17 30.02 80 67 30 43.07 U | | On December the 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th, I had repetitions on Venus about the meridian, with Reichenbach's Circle, of which the abstract is subjoined. | 1826. | Corr. Zen. Dist. | Limb. | Reduct. to the Meridian. | Change of Declination. | Semidiameter. | Merid. Zenith Distance. | |-------|-----------------|------|-------------------------|------------------------|--------------|------------------------| | Dec. 15 | 11 41 40.3 | Cent. | - 49 49.94 | + 10.5 | ...... | 10 52 0.86 | | | 11 39 30.5 | Cent. | - 47 18.64 | - 10.9 | ...... | 11 52 0.96 | | Dec. 16 | 11 50 59.61 | U | - 45 50.76 | + 10.77 | + 30" | 11 5 49.62 | | | 11 10 24.81 | Cent. | - 4 35.63 | - 3.0 | ...... | 11 5 46.18 | | Dec. 17 | 11 25 40.66 | Cent. | - 5 54.61 | - 3.6 | ...... | 11 19 42.45 | | Dec. 18 | 11 54 29.3 | Cent. | 20 29.95 | - 7.7 | ...... | 11 33 51.65 | The above Zenith Distances are corrected for Refraction, but not for Parallax. The Reduction to the Meridian will serve to correct the Parallax. The culminations of Venus observed with the transit, have been corrected for semi-diameter, and the hour angle thence deduced is corrected for the acceleration of Venus above the fixed stars, which is here additive. It depends upon the relative situation of the Sun and Venus, whether in the repetitions left and right the planet can always be observed on the same side of the wire, or whether it must be observed alternately on different sides. The mean arc will be accordingly the zenith distance of the centre, or that of one of the limbs. Inferior Conjunction of Venus, July and August 1828, observed with the Mural Circle and Transit at Paramatta. The lower limb of Venus has been observed throughout. The observed Right Ascensions are those of the first limb before the conjunction, but after conjunction those of the last limb of Venus. The Sun's Parallax has been subtracted from his Refraction, but to Venus no Parallax has been applied. | 1828. | Barom. | Them. | Stars' Names. | Observed Apparent R. | Observed S.P.D. | Refraction. | Sun's Semidiameter. | Correct. S. P. D. of Stars' Apparent Place. | |-------|--------|-------|---------------|---------------------|----------------|-------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------| | July 11 | inches. 30.05 | 50 | Sirius | h m s | 73 30 18.4 | 0 18.00 | ...... | 73 30 36.1 | | July 12 | 30.05 | 53 | Sun's upp. limb | 7 24 55.31 | 111 44 23.525 | 1 17.56 | ...... | 112 1 26.89 | | | 30.00 | 54 | Venus's low.limb | 8 57 15.38 | 103 59 33.65 | 1 3.62 | ...... | 104 0 37.27 | | | 29.98 | 51 | Arcturus | 14 7 50.83 | 110 3 40.25 | 1 19.4 | ...... | 111 4 59.6 | | | 29.96 | 52 | Sirius | 6 37 34.27 | 73 30 21.60 | 0 17.94 | ...... | 73 30 39.54 | | Year | Month | Day | Barom. | Therm. | Stars' Names | Observed Apparent R. | Observed S. P. D. | Refraction | Sun's Semidiameter | Correct. S. P. D. of Stars' Apparent Place | |------|-------|-----|--------|--------|--------------|---------------------|------------------|------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------| | 1828 | July | 13 | inches | 53.5 | Sun's upp. limb | h m s | 111 35 52.9 | 1 16.7 | 15 45.8 | 111 52 55.4 | | | | | | 57.2 | Venus's low.limb | 8 56 6.95 | 103 49 58.2 | 1 2.81 | ... | 103 51 1.0 | | | | | | 50 | Sirius | 6 37 34.09 | 73 30 22.25 | 0 17.99 | ... | 73 30 40.24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29.90 | Sun's low.limb | 7 33 3.75 | 111 58 37.1 | 1 16.25 | ,, 45.9 | 111 44 7.5 | | | | | | | Venus's low.limb | 8 54 48.12 | 103 40 56.25 | 1 2.53 | ... | 103 41 58.5 | | | | | | | Sirius | 6 37 34.11 | 73 30 22.5 | 0 17.85 | ... | 73 30 40.3 | | | | | | 30.05 | | | | | | | | | | | | 30.02 | Sun's upp. limb | 7 37 6.72 | 111 17 57.6 | 1 14.86 | ,, 45.9 | 111 34 58.36 | | | | | | 30.00 | Venus's low.limb | 8 53 20.11 | 103 33 28.4 | 1 1.79 | ... | 103 33 30.2 | | | | | | 30.00 | Arcturus | 14 7 51.05 | 110 3 41.3 | 1 19.28 | ... | 110 5 0.6 | | | | | | 29.99 | Sirius | 6 37 33.99 | 73 30 24.7 | 0 17.78 | ... | 73 30 40.35 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29.94 | Sun's upp. limb | 7 41 9.63 | 111 8 30.3 | 1 14.15 | ,, 46 | 111 25 30.45 | | | | | | 29.89 | Venus's low.limb | 8 51 43.44 | 103 24 44.08 | 1 1.3 | ... | 103 25 45.4 | | | | | | 29.83 | Arcturus | 14 7 50.96 | 110 3 38.82 | 1 18.02 | ... | 110 4 56.84 | | | | | | 29.74 | Aldebaran | 4 26 4.88 | 106 8 15.5 | 1 7.26 | ... | 106 9 22.8 | | | | | | 29.703 | Sirius | 6 37 34.35 | 73 30 24.75 | 0 17.56 | ... | 73 30 42.3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29.68 | Sun's low.limb | 7 45 11.97 | 111 30 6.45 | 1 13.35 | ,, 46 | 111 15 33.75 | | | | | | 29.65 | Venus's low.limb | 8 49 58.92 | 103 17 17.0 | 0 59.6 | ... | 103 18 16.6 | | | | | | 29.65 | Arcturus | 14 7 51.09 | 110 3 43.7 | 1 16.55 | ... | 110 5 0.25 | | | | | | 29.65 | Antares | 16 18 55.69 | 63 57 18.02 | 0 7.71 | ... | 63 57 25.73 | | | | | | 29.85 | Aldebaran | 4 26 5.95 | 106 8 15.15 | 1 7.3 | ... | 106 9 22.45 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29.844 | Sun's low.limb | 7 49 13.71 | 111 19 48.4 | 1 13.47 | ,, 46.1 | 111 5 15.77 | | | | | | 29.87 | Venus's low.limb | 8 48 6.17 | 103 10 33.85 | 1 0.0 | ... | 103 11 33.85 | | | | | | 29.90 | Vindemiatrix | 12 53 38.32 | 101 52 8.67 | 0 58.95 | ... | 101 53 7.6 | | | | | | 30.02 | Arcturus | 14 7 50.81 | 110 3 39.1 | 1 17.89 | ... | 110 4 57.0 | | | | | | 30.02 | Antares | 16 18 55.37 | 106 8 13.4 | 1 9.9 | ... | 16 9 23.3 | | | | | | | Sirius | 6 37 34.47 | 73 30 19.75 | 0 17.87 | ... | 73 30 37.62 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29.995 | Sun's upp. limb | 7 53 14.75 | 110 37 36.1 | 1 12.8 | ,, 46.2 | 110 54 35.1 | | | | | | 29.98 | Venus's low.limb | 8 46 6.02 | 103 4 29.75 | 1 0.86 | ... | 103 5 30.61 | | | | | | 29.96 | Vindemiatrix | 12 53 38.55 | 101 52 6.45 | 0 58.91 | ... | 102 53 5.36 | | | | | | 29.95 | Arcturus | 14 7 50.57 | 110 3 40.8 | 1 18.89 | ... | 110 4 59.69 | | | | | | 29.95 | Antares | 16 18 56.82 | 63 57 18.05 | 0 7.92 | ... | 63 57 25.97 | | | | | | | Sirius | 6 37 34.33 | 73 30 4.1 | 0 17.61 | ... | 73 30 21.71 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29.59 | Aldebaran | 4 26 4.87 | 103 8 4.2 | 1 7.56 | ,, 46.26 | 103 9 11.76 | | | | | | 29.58 | Sirius | 6 37 34.33 | 73 30 4.1 | 0 17.61 | ... | 73 30 21.71 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29.59 | Sun's upp. limb | 8 1 15.13 | 110 15 2.6 | 1 17.94 | ,, 46.32 | 110 32 6.86 | | | | | | 29.58 | Venus's low.limb | 8 41 44.30 | 102 54 5.8 | 1 0.03 | ... | 102 55 5.83 | | | | | | 29.59 | Arcturus | 14 7 51.26 | 110 3 30.1 | 1 18.18 | ... | 110 4 48.28 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29.60 | Sun's upp. limb | 8 5 14.89 | 110 3 36.45 | 1 10.62 | ,, 46.45 | 110 20 33.52 | | | | | | 29.604 | Venus's low.limb | 8 37 34.95 | 102 50 58.02 | 1 0.05 | ... | 102 51 58.07 | | | | | | 29.94 | Aldebaran | 4 26 5.44 | 106 8 6.82 | 1 9.34 | ... | 106 9 16.16 | | | | | | 29.94 | Sirius | 6 37 34.39 | 73 30 18.5 | 0 17.83 | ... | 73 30 36.33 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29.96 | Sun's low.limb | 8 8 13.31 | 110 23 7.5 | 1 12.17 | 15 46.51 | 110 9 33.13 | | | | | | 29.96 | Venus's low.limb | 8 37 0.33 | ... | ... | ... | ... | | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Stars' Names | Observed Apparent R | Observed S. P. D. | Refraction | Sun's Semidiameter | Corrected S. P. D. of Stars' Apparent Place | |------|--------|--------|--------------|---------------------|------------------|------------|-------------------|---------------------------------------------| | 1828 | | | | | | | | | | July 23 | inches, 30.15 | 41.2° | Aldebaran | h m s 4 26 4.63 | 106 8 12.0 | 1 10.40 | ... | 106 9 22.4 | | | 30.10 | 50.7° | Sirius | 6 37 34.72 | 73 30 25.75 | 0 17.95 | ... | 73 30 43.70 | | 24 | 30.094 | 57.5° | Sun's low. limb | 8 13 11.88 | 110 10 47.1 | 1 12.18 | 15 46.57 | 109 56 12.71 | | | 30.088 | 57° | Venus'slow.limb | 8 34 31.41 | 102 43 32.5 | 1 0.66 | ... | 102 44 33.16 | | | 30.072 | 41.3° | Aldebaran | ... | 106 8 14.5 | 1 10.56 | ... | 106 9 25.06 | | 25 | 29.985 | 56° | Sun's low. limb | 8 17 9.11 | 110 58 6.2 | 1 14.65 | 15 46.7 | 110 43 34.15 | | | 30.18 | 40° | Venus'slow.limb | 8 31 58.54 | 102 41 12.1 | 1 0.58 | ... | 102 42 12.68 | | | 30.214 | 53.7° | Aldebaran | 4 26 4.87 | 106 8 11.1 | 1 10.99 | ... | 106 9 22.09 | | | | | Sirius | 6 37 34.33 | 73 30 22.82 | 0 18.03 | ... | 73 30 40.85 | | 26 | 30.200 | 58° | Sun's upp. limb | 8 20 6.78 | 109 13 33.6 | 1 9.81 | 15 46.8 | 109 30 30.25 | | | 30.338 | 34° | Venus'slow.limb | ... | 102 39 30.22 | 1 59.84 | ... | 102 40 30.04 | | | 30.38 | 55° | Aldebaran | 4 26 5.49 | 106 8 11.3 | 1 12.19 | ... | 106 9 23.49 | | | | | Sirius | 6 37 34.01 | 73 30 23.8 | 0 18.09 | ... | 73 30 41.89 | | 27 | 30.24 | 43.7° | α Orionis | 5 45 53.49 | 97 21 3.02 | 1 51.83 | 15 47.0 | 97 21 54.85 | | | 30.24 | 47° | Sirius | 6 37 34.45 | 73 30 21.95 | 0 17.92 | ... | 73 30 39.87 | | 28 | 30.176 | 57° | Sun's upp. limb | 8 28 58.93 | 108 46 39 | 1 8.59 | 15 47.1 | 109 3 34.69 | | 29 | 30.012 | 56.7° | Sun's low. limb | 8 32 53.36 | 109 4 11.15 | 1 9.07 | 15 47.2 | 108 49 33.02 | | 30 | 30.117 | 54° | Sun's low. limb | 8 36 48.40 | 108 49 57.6 | 1 9.07 | 15 47.3 | 108 35 19.37 | | | 30.264 | 42° | α Orionis | 5 45 53.21 | 97 21 6.8 | 1 52.05 | ... | 97 21 58.85 | | | 30.261 | 46° | Sirius | 6 37 34.46 | 73 30 22.8 | 0 18.03 | ... | 73 30 40.83 | | | 30.25 | 55° | Venus'slow.limb | 8 16 30.92 | 102 39 23.32 | 1 1.15 | ... | 102 40 24.47 | | 31 | 30.25 | 55° | Sun's low. limb | 8 40 42.42 | 108 35 18.25 | 1 8.52 | 15 47.4 | 108 20 39.37 | | | 30.245 | 49.3° | Sirius | 6 37 34.53 | 73 30 28.3 | 0 18.22 | ... | 73 30 46.52 | | | 30.224 | 55° | Venus'slow.limb | 8 14 1.61 | 102 40 54.95 | 1 1.19 | ... | 102 41 56.14 | | Aug. 1| 30.224 | 55° | Sun's upp. limb | 8 44 35.99 | 107 48 51.0 | 1 6.52 | 15 47.5 | 108 5 45.02 | | | 30.234 | 34.5° | Aldebaran | 5 26 5.41 | 106 8 13.85 | 1 11.87 | ... | 106 9 25.72 | | | 30.250 | 51.3° | Sirius | 6 37 34.38 | 73 30 25.8 | 0 18.14 | ... | 73 30 43.94 | | | 30.25 | 56° | Venus | 8 11 36.72 | 102 42 48.25 | 1 1.16 | ... | 102 43 49.31 | | 2 | 30.233 | 57° | Sun's upp. limb | 8 48 29.30 | 107 33 40.7 | 1 5.5 | 15 47.7 | 107 50 33.9 | | | 30.25 | 37.2° | Aldebaran | 4 26 5.92 | 106 8 12.8 | 1 11.54 | ... | 106 9 24.34 | | | 30.25 | 49.4° | Sirius | 6 37 34.71 | 73 30 27.57 | 0 18.21 | ... | 73 30 45.78 | | | 30.228 | 56° | Venus'slow.limb | 8 9 15.83 | 102 45 7.85 | 1 1.22 | ... | 102 46 9.07 | | 3 | 30.22 | 57° | Sun's upp. limb | 8 52 21.12 | 107 18 10.42 | 1 5.1 | ... | 107 35 3.37 | | | 30.233 | 49° | Aldebaran | 4 26 5.7 | 106 8 12.8 | 1 11.54 | ... | 106 9 24.34 | | | 30.23 | 56° | Sirius | 6 37 34.7 | 73 30 30.7 | 0 18.2 | ... | 73 30 48.9 | | | | | Venus'slow.limb | 8 7 1.22 | 102 47 53.7 | 1 1.33 | ... | 102 48 55.03 | | 4 | 30.175 | 60° | Sun's low. limb | 8 56 12.92 | 107 34 7.55 | 1 5.15 | 15 48.0 | 107 19 24.7 | MDCCCXXIX. Inferior Conjunction of Venus, July and August 1828, observed with the Repeating Circle. | 1828 | Mer. Zen. Dist. of the lower limb of Venus corrected for Refraction. | 1828 | Mer. Zen. Dist. of the lower limb of Venus corrected for Refraction. | |------|---------------------------------------------------------------|------|---------------------------------------------------------------| | July 16 | 47° 14' 30.9" | July 24 | 46° 33' 13.3" | | 17 | " 7 1.9 | 25 | " 31 11.6 | | 18 | 46° 59' 17.3" | 26 | " 29 22.3 | | 19 | " 54 28.5 | 30 | " 29 5.8 | | 21 | " 44 9.2 | 31 | " 30 28.3 | | 22 | 39° 56.8 | Aug. 1 | " 32 38.8 | | 23 | " 36 13.4 | 2 | " 34 59.1 | N.B. Parallax has not been applied. 2. Oppositions of Mars observed at Paramatta. Opposition of Mars, February 1822. These observations are the means of numerous observations made about the meridian, and reduced to the Time of the Culmination of Mars. | 1822 | Stars' Names | Mars has + more or — less Right Ascension than Star. | Mars North or South of Star. | |------|--------------|---------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------| | Feb. 15 | Leonis | — 1° 47.328 | 2° 35.15 N. | | 446 Mayer | + 1° 38.915 | 9° 19.2 S. | | 16 | 446 Mayer | + 0° 6.049 | 0° 34.84 S. | | 17 | 446 Mayer | ............ | 8° 32.07 N. | | Anon. | ............ | 16° 19.73 S. | | 23 | H. C. pag. 222 | — 4° 36.239 | 1° 15.88 S. | Mars must have eclipsed 446 Mayer on the 16th February. Opposition of Mars, May 1826. Comparisons of Mars with 2 α Librae. | 1826 | Diff. of R. | Diff. of Declin. | |------|------------|-----------------| | May 5 | + 5° 40.1 | 25° 43.3 S. | | 6 | + 4° 10.13 | 21° 54.6 | | 7 | ............ | 17° 55.7 | | 8 | + 1° 10.0 | 13° 54.8 | | 10 | ............ | 5° 54.5 | | 12 | ............ | 2° 2.3 N. | Observed Polar Distances. | 1826 | S. P. D. of Mars Centre corrected for Refraction. | |------|--------------------------------------------------| | May 5 | 74° 15' 12.2 | | 6 | " 19 6.5 | | 7 | " 23 8.5 | | 8 | " 27 11.5 | | 10 | " 35 2.9 | | 12 | " 43 1.2 | Opposition of Mars, June and July 1828, observed with the Mural Circle and Transit at Paramatta. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Stars' Names | Observ. App. R. | Obs. S. P. D. | Refraction. | True S. P. D. | |------|--------|--------|--------------|-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------| | 1828 | | | | | | | | | June 20 | inches. | 30.27 | 37 | φ Sagittarii | 18 34 58.44 | 62 50 34.4 | 7.00 | 62 50 41.4 | | | | | | σ Sagittarii | 18 44 39.59 | 63 29 57.8 | 7.78 | 63 30 5.58 | | | | | | Mars | 18 54 2.67 | 62 46 25.55| 6.94 | 62 46 32.49| | | | | | τ Sagittarii | ............| 62 5 8.8 | 6.19 | 62 5 14.99 | | 21 | | | | φ | 18 34 58.58 | 62 50 30.8 | 7.0 | 62 50 37.8 | | | | | | σ | 18 44 39.58 | 63 29 58.2 | 7.78 | 63 30 5.98 | | | | | | Mars | 18 52 58.19 | 62 41 9.3 | 6.84 | 62 41 16.14| | | | | | τ | ............| 62 5 15.9 | 6.19 | 62 5 22.09 | | 26 | | | | φ | 18 34 58.65 | 62 50 31.3 | 6.81 | 62 50 38.11| | | | | | σ | 18 44 39.43 | 63 29 52.5 | 7.56 | 63 30 0.06 | | | | | | Mars | 18 47 6.65 | 62 15 33.3 | 6.21 | 62 15 39.51| | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.35 | 62 5 13.0 | 6.04 | 62 5 19.04 | | 27 | | | | φ | 18 34 58.25 | 62 50 20.3 | 6.84 | 62 50 27.14| | | | | | Mars | 18 45 51.78 | 62 10 49.3 | 6.17 | 62 10 55.47| | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.75 | 62 5 15.6 | 6.07 | 62 15 21.67| | 28 | | | | φ | 18 34 58.42 | 62 50 30.0 | 6.89 | 62 50 36.89| | | | | | Mars | 18 44 35.61 | 62 6 5.82 | 6.00 | 62 6 11.82 | | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.74 | 62 5 13.3 | 5.98 | 62 5 19.28 | | 29 | | | | φ | 18 34 58.54 | 62 50 29.4 | 6.80 | 62 50 36.2 | | | | | | Mars | 18 43 18.32 | 62 1 34.7 | 5.97 | 62 1 40.67 | | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.84 | 62 5 15.2 | 6.04 | 62 5 21.24 | | July 1| | | | φ | ............| 62 50 32.4 | 6.69 | 62 50 39.09| | | | | | Mars | 18 15 40.97 | 61 52 54.25| 5.75 | 61 53 0.00 | | | | | | σ | 18 44 39.53 | 63 29 58.4 | 7.44 | 63 30 5.86 | | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.5 | 62 5 19.22 | 5.96 | 62 5 25.18 | | 3 | | | | φ | ............| 62 50 36.45| 6.77 | 62 50 43.22| | | | | | Mars | 18 38 1.86 | 61 44 51.3 | 5.65 | 61 44 57.95| | | | | | σ | 18 44 39.66 | 63 29 59.7 | 7.39 | 63 30 7.09 | | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.69 | 62 5 21.4 | 5.90 | 62 5 27.30 | | 4 | | | | φ | 62 50 43.2 | 6.76 | 62 50 49.96| | | | | | Sagittarii | ............| | | | | | | | | Mars | 18 36 42.62 | 61 41 10.25| 5.52 | 61 41 15.77 | | | | | | σ | 18 44 39.43 | 63 29 55.85| 7.53 | 63 30 3.38 | | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.54 | 62 5 21.5 | 5.98 | 62 5 27.48 | | 5 | | | | Mars | 18 35 22.57 | 61 37 31.7 | 5.67 | 61 37 37.37 | | | | | | σ | 18 44 39.69 | 63 30 1.6 | 7.68 | 63 30 9.28 | | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.69 | 62 5 24.4 | 6.14 | 62 5 30.54 | | 6 | | | | Mars | 18 34 3.39 | 61 34 11.5 | 5.64 | 61 34 17.14| | | | | | σ | 18 44 39.61 | 63 30 2.0 | 7.73 | 63 30 9.73 | | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.78 | 62 5 24.7 | 6.18 | 62 5 30.88 | | 9 | | | | Mars | 18 30 9.69 | 61 25 8.35 | 5.38 | 61 25 13.73| | | | | | φ | 18 34 58.39 | 62 50 35.1 | 6.68 | 62 50 41.78 | | | | | | σ | 18 44 39.64 | 63 30 0.3 | 7.40 | 63 30 7.70 | | | | | | τ | 18 56 15.77 | 62 5 19.85 | 6.04 | 62 5 25.89 | The Moon. The Moon’s orbit, during the intervals between her transits over the meridians of the Observatories at Paramatta and in Europe, is sufficiently known to deduce her Parallax from the following South Polar Distances observed at Paramatta. These South Polar Distances answer to the culminations of the Moon’s centre, and are different from the times for which the Moon’s right ascensions are given in page 28, which correspond to the transit of the first or second limb, and must be reduced to the former, by applying the time in which the Moon’s semidiameter passes the meridian in apparent solar time. The refraction has been applied, but semidiameter and parallax have not. South Polar Distances of the Moon. | Year | Month | Day | Barom. | Therm. | Refract. | South Pol. Dist. | Limb | |------|-------|-----|--------|--------|----------|-----------------|------| | 1822 | May | 3 | 30.21 | 53 | 0 | 28.3 | L | | | | 27 | 29.87 | 58.5 | 0 | 57.4 | L | | | | 28 | 30.00 | 55 | 0 | 47.07 | L | | | | 29 | 29.93 | 48.5 | 0 | 38.26 | L | | | | 30 | 29.75 | 49 | 0 | 30.12 | L | | | | 31 | 29.57 | 54 | 0 | 22.98 | L | | | June | 1 | 29.70 | 52 | 0 | 17.59 | L | | | | 2 | 29.92 | 48 | 0 | 14.16 | L | | | | 3 | 29.71 | 51 | 0 | 9.72 | L | | | | 14 | 30.00 | 42 | 1 | 4.84 | L | | | | 28 | 30.00 | 50 | 0 | 19.36 | L | | | | 29 | 29.99 | 48 | 0 | 14.56 | L | | | | 30 | 30.00 | 45.7 | 0 | 10.8 | L | | | July | 25 | 30.09 | 51 | 0 | 21.67 | L | | | | 26 | 30.22 | 50 | 0 | 16.03 | L | | | | 29 | 29.85 | 50.7 | 0 | 7.1 | L | | | Aug. | 11 | 30.03 | 41.2 | 1 | 50.118 | L | | | | 23 | 29.87 | 60.7 | 0 | 13.19 | L | | | | 24 | 30.07 | 57.2 | 0 | 9.85 | L | | | | 25 | 30.04 | 57.4 | 0 | 7.66 | L | | | | 29 | 29.74 | 47 | 0 | 12.09 | U | | | Sept. | 11 | 30.00 | 50 | 1 | 20.78 | U | | | | 18 | 29.71 | 75 | 0 | 19.54 | L | | | | 19 | 29.52 | 73 | 0 | 14.59 | L | | | | 20 | 29.80 | 70 | 0 | 10.82 | L | | | | 21 | 29.38 | 67.6 | 0 | 8.15 | L | | | | 22 | 29.33 | 69.2 | 0 | 6.78 | L | | | | 23 | 29.63 | 64 | 0 | 6.26 | L | | | | 30 | 29.53 | 58.3 | 0 | 44.0 | L | | | Oct. | 8 | 29.77 | 60.8 | 1 | 22.11 | U | | | | 9 | 29.95 | 60 | 1 | 9.4 | U | | | | 26 | 29.82 | 59 | 0 | 30.61 | U | | | | 27 | 29.89 | 56 | 0 | 39.79 | U | | | | 28 | 30.05 | 52.5 | 0 | 50.89 | U | | | Nov. | 5 | 29.78 | 60 | 1 | 12.36 | U | | | | 7 | 29.77 | 63.2 | 0 | 48.18 | U | | | | 9 | 30.10 | 67 | 0 | 30.63 | U | | | | 10 | 30.03 | 76 | 0 | 23.45 | U | | | | 25 | 30.00 | 67 | 0 | 55.44 | U | | | Dec. | 24 | 29.92 | 77 | 1 | 14.02 | U | | | | 25 | 29.92 | 77 | 1 | 27.33 | U | | | | 26 | 29.92 | 70.2 | 1 | 40.81 | U | | | Feb. | 21 | 29.83 | 69 | 1 | 36.55 | L | | | Mar. | 21 | 29.65 | 71.5 | 1 | 27.48 | L | | | | 23 | 29.99 | 62 | 1 | 3.44 | L | | | Apr. | 15 | 29.90 | 72 | 1 | 39.0 | U | | | | 17 | 29.81 | 68.5 | 1 | 31.1 | L | | | | 18 | 29.705 | 72.5 | 1 | 17.3 | L | | | | 19 | 30.152 | 58 | 1 | 7.94 | L | | | May | 19 | 29.95 | 58 | 0 | 37.61 | L | | | | 21 | 29.85 | 58 | 0 | 22.75 | L | | | June | 15 | 29.692 | 58 | 0 | 39.90 | L | | | May | 18 | 29.768 | 42 | 0 | 28.58 | L | | | | 20 | 30.09 | 38 | 0 | 18.03 | L | | | June | 13 | 30.21 | 43.5 | 0 | 39.06 | L | | | | 14 | 30.18 | 44 | 0 | 31.65 | L | | | | 16 | 29.91 | 57 | 0 | 19.12 | L | | | | 26 | 30.14 | 29 | 0 | 49.29 | L | | | | 27 | 30.22 | 29.5 | 0 | 56.8 | L | | | | 28 | 30.00 | 33.0 | 1 | 5.37 | L | | | | 29 | 30.05 | 50 | 1 | 10.08 | L | | | July | 13 | 30.06 | 46.5 | 0 | 21.65 | L | | | | 15 | 30.13 | 42 | 0 | 14.73 | L | | | | 16 | 30.10 | 31.5 | 0 | 13.81 | L | ## AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. ### Table (continued). | Year | Month | Day | Barom. | Them. | Refract. | South Pol. Dist. | Limb. | Year | Month | Day | Barom. | Them. | Refract. | South Pol. Dist. | Limb. | |------|-------|-----|--------|-------|----------|------------------|-------|------|-------|-----|--------|----------|------------------|-------| | 1826 | July | 17 | 30.08 | 30 | 0 14.28 | 69 31 43.55 | L | 1827 | Sept. | 3 | 30.002 | 48 | 0 23.07 | 77 45 38.67 | U | | | | 24 | 30.03 | 40 | 0 52.37 | 97 39 26.29 | | | | 15 | 30.01 | 47 | 1 12.46 | 107 17 29.51 | U | | | | 25 | 29.67 | 39 | 1 0.26 | 101 51 42.26 | L | | | 26 | 29.95 | 72.5 | 0 15.29 | 71 39 8.01 | L | | | | 26 | 29.55 | 38.5 | 1 8.3 | 105 32 10.0 | L | | | 30 | 30.114 | 52 | 0 21.55 | 76 29 0.87 | U | | | | 27 | 29.97 | 43 | 1 16.16 | 108 33 9.3 | L | | | Oct. | 30.003 | 61 | 0 25.65 | 80 27 32.55 | U | | | | 28 | 30.03 | 46 | 1 22.45 | 110 46 36.45 | L | | | | 29.81 | 74 | 0 34.28 | 88 6 17.15 | U | | | Aug. | 11 | 29.85 | 57 | 0 15.02 | 71 1 6.27 | L | Dec. | 31 | 30.07 | 60 | 1 17.64 | 109 53 42.66 | U | | | | 12 | 30.06 | 54 | 0 13.56 | 69 26 22.96 | L | | | | | | | | | | | 22 | 29.50 | 46 | 1 3.28 | 103 52 9.6 | L | | | | | | | | | | Sept. | 16 | 29.65 | 57 | 0 43.28 | 93 36 5.03 | L | | | Jan. | 28 | 30.12 | 60 | 1 17.06 | 109 39 18.78 | U | | | Nov. | 9 | 30.10 | 57 | 0 38.8 | 90 8 57.4 | U | | | | 29 | 29.98 | 65.6 | 1 13.31 | 108 46 0.2 | U | | | Dec. | 12 | 30.03 | 63 | 1 17.10 | 109 54 44.35 | U | Feb. | 3 | 29.82 | 64 | 0 43.09 | 93 41 53.99 | U | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | 29.64 | 63 | 0 31.1 | 85 13 7.72 | U | | | | | | | | | | | | | 24 | 30.03 | 68.5 | 1 15.17 | 109 29 38.37 | U | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1827 | Feb. | 5 | 29.73 | 70 | 1 15.04 | 109 52 2.19 | U | Mar. | 31 | 29.65 | 67 | 0 30.08 | 84 34 18.88 | L | | | | 16 | 29.60 | 57 | 0 22.5 | 77 54 4.9 | U | Apr. | 25 | 30.32 | 51 | 0 46.98 | 94 53 5.70 | L | | | Mar. | 17 | 30.04 | 62.5 | 0 16.36 | 72 19 52.01 | U | | | 26 | 29.95 | 58 | 0 39.36 | 90 42 30.61 | L | | | | 18 | 30.03 | 57.5 | 0 14.40 | 70 22 43.1 | U | May | 23 | 30.23 | 56 | 0 42.74 | 92 38 47.70 | L | | | Apr. | 12 | 29.64 | 51.5 | 0 22.15 | 77 15 58.85 | U | | | 25 | 30.14 | 56 | 0 30.80 | 84 13 2.0 | L | | | May | 3 | 29.77 | 65 | 1 5.99 | 105 55 4.44 | L | | | 26 | 29.99 | 51 | 0 21.64 | 76 36 7.76 | L | | | | 4 | 29.91 | 53.3 | 1 0.57 | 102 38 31.27 | L | June | 21 | 30.25 | 55 | 0 33.57 | 86 12 41.67 | L | | | | 6 | 30.09 | 57 | 0 45.11 | 94 19 11.9 | L | | | 27 | 30.31 | 49 | 0 16.53 | 71 56 26.75 | L | | | | 7 | 30.07 | 59.2 | 0 37.75 | 89 34 6.77 | L | | | 28 | 30.21 | 55 | 0 18.15 | 73 38 53.10 | L | | | | 9 | 30.124 | 53 | 0 25.65 | 80 1 23.32 | L | July | 3 | 29.72 | 37.7 | 0 46.80 | 94 37 29.52 | L | | | June | 2 | 30.204 | 55 | 0 48.49 | 96 10 18.1 | L | | | 5 | 30.25 | 40.7 | 1 3.07 | 102 44 20.42 | L | | | | 7 | 30.14 | 48.5 | 0 19.011 | 74 14 56.8 | L | | | 19 | 29.96 | 55 | 1 30.29 | 83 55 23.61 | L | | | | 13 | 29.86 | 42 | 0 26.45 | 80 24 42.67 | L | | | 21 | 29.59 | 49 | 1 21.56 | 76 42 15.26 | L | | | July | 3 | 30.14 | 48.5 | 0 25.68 | 79 50 36.2 | L | | | 22 | 29.734 | 50 | 1 18.4 | 73 59 14.0 | L | | | | 4 | 30.35 | 46 | 0 21.32 | 75 56 19.77 | L | | | 23 | 30.07 | 46 | 1 16.82 | 72 14 16.54 | L | | | Aug. | 3 | 30.12 | 52 | 0 14.98 | 70 42 48.38 | L | | | 24 | 30.09 | 40.7 | 1 16.46 | 71 43 24.9 | L | | | | 16 | 30.36 | 45 | 1 23.39 | 110 43 42.31 | L | Aug. | 20 | 30.10 | 50 | 1 16.42 | 71 58 12.47 | L | | | | 17 | 30.10 | 46.5 | 1 21.4 | 110 23 49.3 | L | | | 21 | 30.11 | 51 | 1 16.59 | 72 9 27.01 | L | | | | 31 | 30.15 | 55 | 0 15.19 | 70 58 44.89 | L | | | 22 | 30.20 | 49 | 1 18.40 | 73 41 37.97 | L | | | Sept. | 1 | 30.30 | 51.4 | 0 16.12 | 71 38 27.02 | U | Oct. | 18 | 29.98 | 58 | 1 25.75 | 80 23 55.8 | U | | | | 2 | 30.10 | 46.7 | 0 18.94 | 74 9 31.14 | U | | | | | | | | Comets. A. The Comet of Encke in 1822. By the assistance of Professor Encke's Ephemeris of this Comet, I was enabled to re-discover it on the 22nd of June 1822, and shall now give my observations thereof more correctly reduced than they were transmitted by me at first for insertion in Professor Schumacher's Astronomische Nachrichten. | 1822. | Sidereal Time at Paramatta. | Difference of Right Ascension. | Comet North or South of Star. | |-------|---------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------| | | h m s | a -0 8.11 p | 9.65 S. | | June 2| 10 39 25 | | | | 3 | 11 | b +0 18.0 | 10.86 S. | | 4 | 11 3 | c +0 50.0 | 14.543 S. | | 5 | 11 8 | d +0 32.8 | 5.345 N. | | | 11 25 | d | 4.9 N. | | 6 | 11 7 38.1 | e +3 17.75 | 5.205 N. | | 7 | 11 3 10 | f +0 43.35 | 18.678 N. | | | 11 33 | l ξ Gem. -3 26.0 | 2.965 N. | | | 11 33 | g -4 46 | | | 8 | 11 17 25 | 32 Gem. -1 41 | 19.224 S. | | | 11 17 25 | g -1 3.6 | 30.529 S. | | 9 | 11 | Anon. -0 9 | 8.245 S. | | | | Anon. +0 48 | 12.0 N. | | 10 | 11 20 | i -0 30 | -26.714 S. | | | 11 20 | k -1 44 | 16.674 S. | | | 11 20 | l -1 54 | | | 11 | 11 24 39 | m -0 40.6 | -18.491 N. | | | | n -0 47.17 | 25.681 N. | | | | o -1 11.5 | | | 12 | 11 40 | p +0 8.28 | +24.664 N. | | | | q +0 32.89 | 41.334 N. | | 13 | 11 37 45 | r -0 42.22 | 0.03 N. | | | 11 40 32 | s -0 11.70 | 9.46 S. | | | 11 47 56 | t +3 15.5 | 24.364 S. | | 1822. | Sidereal Time at Paramatta. | Difference of Right Ascension. | Comet N. or S. of Star. | |-------|---------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------| | | h m s | u +1 2 | 17.945 N. | | June 14| 11 25 | y +0 43 | 0.049 N. | | | | v +0 25.8 | 5.44 N. | | | | x +0 33.57 | 15.837 S. | | | | w +1 50.7 | 16.61 S. | | | 15 11 40 48 | β +1 58.7 | 6.038 S. | | | | γ +1 53.8 | 6.172 N. | | | | δ -24.0 | 17.34 N. | | | 19 11 51 20 | ε -45.07 | | | | | ε -39.36 | 2.847 N. | | | | ε -36.4 | 2.105 N. | | | | ε -0.79 | | | | 20 12 16 53 | ζ -2 6.42 | | | | | η -2 12.5 | 15.02 S. | | | | η -27.04 | | | | 21 12 8 27 | θ +31.555 | | | | | θ -0.675 | 5.8 S. | | | 22 13 18 46 | ι -23.5 | 2.0 S. | | | 23 12 51 36 | λ +20.75 | | | | | μ +1 32.44 | 23.132 S. | | | | μ -14.5 | 12.101 S. | | | | μ -0.533 | 5.8 N. | The compared fixed Stars have been designated in their order in the Latin and Greek alphabets. + means that the Comet had more, — that it had less right ascension than the Star; ε is P. VI. 144; g is 2 ξ Geminorum; k, p. 312, Hist. Cel.; l is 90 Geminorum Bode. The differences of declination are given in parts of the Micrometer, one part of which is = 65".518. The greater part of these Stars have been observed by myself in the Meridian, whence I have deduced their mean places for the beginning of 1823, as follows. | Stars | Mean RA Jan. 1, 1823 | Ann. Variat. | Mean Declination Jan. 1, 1823 | Annual Variation | |-------|---------------------|--------------|-------------------------------|-----------------| | a | 92° 46' 33" | 52.02 | 17° 50' 13" N | -0.966 | | b | 93° 42' 25" | 52.04 | 17° 4' 54" | -1.291 | | c | 94° 34' 8" | 51.75 | 16° 20' 31" | -1.593 | | d | 96° 12' 15" | 51.40 | 15° 27' 35" | -2.219 | | f | 97° 27' 26" | 50.53 | 13° 8' 5" | -2.600 | | g | 98° 50' 14" | 50.496 | 13° 4' 45" | -3.417 | | h | 99° 47' 23" | 49.97 | | | | i | 100° 32' 11.7" | 49.718 | 11° 0' 0.3" | -3.664 | | n | 101° 32' 8.3" | 49.039 | 9° 5' 41.6" | -4.001 | | o | 101° 38' 33" | 48.99 | 8° 57' 57.3" | -4.041 | | p | 102° 16' 0.9" | 48.60 | 7° 51' 8.0" | -4.256 | | s | 103° 12' 40" | | | | | w | 103° 48' 38" | 48.01 | 6° 10' 54.7" | -4.779 | | x | 104° 7' 42" | 47.99 | 6° 9' 6.0" | -4.885 | | y | 104° 4' 39" | 47.89 | | | | β | 104° 47' 56" | 47.48 | | | | γ | 104° 49' 4" | 47.40 | 4° 27' 0.2" | -5.123 | | ε | 110° 5' 23.8" | 45.39 | 1° 32' 45.1 S. | +6.87 | | ζ | 111° 46' 30" | 44.93 | | | | η | 111° 47' 59" | 45.00 | 2° 46' 15.4 | +7.431 | | θ | 112° 31' 11.6" | | | | | χ | 115° 25' 1" | 43.12 | 8° 44' 30" | +8.59 | | λ | 115° 42' 39" | 43.05 | 8° 57' 29" | +8.685 | | μ | 115° 52' 19" | 42.98 | 9° 12' 26" | +8.735 | The positions of the Comet are accordingly: | Sidereal Time at Paramatta | Mean RA | Mean Declination | |---------------------------|---------|------------------| | June 2 10 39 25 | 92° 43' 56" | 17° 39' 43" | | 3 11 | 93° 46' 24" | 16° 53' 2" | | 4 11 3 | 94° 46' 9" | 16° 4' 36" | | 6 11 7 38 | 96° 41' 58" | 14° 22' 48" | | 7 11 3 10 | 97° 37' 35" | 13° 28' 40" | | 8 11 17 25 | 98° 33' 44" | 12° 31' 15" | | 10 11 20 0 | 100° 24' 12" | 10° 30' 49" | | 11 11 24 39 | 101° 19' 48" | 9° 26' 9" | | 12 11 40 0 | 102° 17' 31" | 8° 18' 22" | | 13 11 42 4 | 103° 15' 2" | 7° 6' 31" | | 14 11 55 0 | 104° 15' 35" | 5° 51' 51" | | 15 11 40 48 | 105° 16' 59" | 4° 33' 41" | | 19 12 13 38 | 109° 54' 46" | 1° 29' 44" | | 20 12 16 53 | 111° 14' 22" | 3° 14' 29" | | 22 13 18 46 | 114° 12' 14" | 7° 8" | | 23 12 53 55 | 115° 47' 41" | 9° 9' 48.4" | B. Comet of September and October 1822, in Ophiucho. I have stated on a former occasion that I was not the first discoverer of this Comet in Paramatta; but the following original observations thereof, which have never been published before, were made by myself. | 1822. Sidereal Time at Paramatta | Star | Difference of RA in Time | Comet North or South of Star | |---------------------------------|------|--------------------------|------------------------------| | Sept. 21 20 44 43 | a | +0° 46.7 | | | | b | -0° 22.1 | | | | c | -0° 48.9 | | | | a | ........ | 13°.118 S. | | Sept. 23 20 15 42.1 | d | +0° 31.53 | | | | e | -0° 38.43 | | | | e | ........ | 5°.9334 S. | | Year | Sidereal Time at Paramatta | Stars | Difference of RA in Time | Comet North or South of Star | |------|--------------------------|-------|--------------------------|-----------------------------| | 1822 | Sept. 24 | h m s | m s | f +6.3 | | | | | | g -23.2 | | | | | | h -443.6 | | | | | | f 6°730 S. | | | | | | h 17°996 S. | | | | | | g 3°344 N. | | | | | | 26 19°52'45.0 i +1°44.3 | | | | | | m -3°49.5 | | | | | | l +1°39.6 | | | | | | k +1°40.04 | | | | | | l 1°933 N. | | | | | | n 1°5232 S. | | | | | | 27 21°37'45.0 o +1°35.2 | | | | | | p 23°885 N. | | | | | | q 4°785 N. | | | | | | r +6°14.73 | | | | | | s -2°24.9 | | | | | | t 1°3742 N. | | | | | | u 1°606 N. | | | | | | 30 20°16'32.3 t +4°20.5 | | | | | | u +0°4.15 | | | | | | v +0°2.10 | | | | | | w 1°6738 S. | | | | | | x 7°24 N. | | | | | | y 1°815 S. | | | Oct. 8 | | | z +4°3 | | | | | | x +0°46 | | | | | | y +0°45 | | | | | | z -3°5 | | | | | | 20°57'4 5°332 S. | | | | | | 12°20'0 3°25.5 | | | | | | 20°54'5 3°33.83 | | | | | | 21°05'0 3°36.83 | | | | | | 21°12'0 1°26.3 | | | | | | 21°12'0 1°26.3 | | | | | | 16°21'18 1°51.54 | | | | | | 21°29'47 1°51.54 | | | | | | 21°12'15 1°51.54 | | | | | | 21°31'36 1°51.54 | | | | | | 17°21'30 1°29.2 | | | Oct. 21 | h m s | m s | 21°51'21.3 -0°11.33 | | | | | | 22°3'4.8 | | | | | | 22°12'17.8 | | | | | | 22°18'57 | | | | | | 22°18'57 | | | | | | 22°21'29.5 λ +2°11.82 | | | | | | 21°32'6.3 | | | | | | 26°21'48.7 π -2°11.7 | | | | | | 21°52'30 μ -3°2 | | | | | | 22°10'14.3 ν +3°4.0 | | | | | | 22°12'15.3 ω -5°9.3 | | | | | | 22°5'2.3 π -2°22.0 | | | | | | 27°21'44.36 φ +2°8.6 | | | | | | 21°51'19 τ -4°26.5 | | | | | | 21°58'59.3 ρ -5°7.6 | | | | | | 22°11'51.5 σ -2°22.0 | | | | | | 22°14'43.0 σ -2°22.0 | | | | | | 28°21'49.10 τ -4°31.6 | | | | | | 21°51'43.3 ρ -20°7.8 | | | | | | 21°46'20.0 ρ -20°7.8 | | | | | | 29°21'52.34 ρ -2°25 | | | | | | 29°21'52.34 ρ -2°25 | | | Nov. 2 | | | 30°21'57.35 χ +1°4.7 | | | | | | 22°2'51 χ -2°25 | | | | | | 22°40'22.7 ω +7°39.3 | | | | | | 22°39'3.9 ω +7°39.3 | | | | | | 3°22'16 A +26.2 | | | | | | 22°17'10 A -2°26 | | | | | | 4°22'35 B +3°26 | | | | | | 22°45'20 C +4°37.67 | | | | | | 22°45'47.4 C +4°37.67 | | | | | | 8°22'53 C +4°36.17 | | | | | | 22°54'2 C -3°50 | | | | | | 10°22'58 D -3°50 | | | | | | 23°3'46 D -3°50 | | | | | | 11°23'54 D -3°52 | Mean Positions of the above Stars for the Time of the Comparison. | Stars | Mean R. | Mean Declin. | Stars | Mean R. | Mean Declin. | |-------|---------|--------------|-------|---------|--------------| | e | is P. XVI. 85 | | ζ | 243° 9' 10.3" | 16° 35' 24.2" S. | | h | λ Ophiuchi. | | 241° 22' 22.5" | 19° 37' 13.3" | | i | 243° 29' 28" | 0° 25' 55" S. | 241° 39' 29" | 19° 39' 9.3" | | k | 243° 30' 50.5" | 0° 16' 16.9" S. | Anon. | 240° 49' 7.8" | 20° 56' 11.1" | | l | 243° 31' 10" | 0° 8' 24.9" S. | λ | 241° 1' 2.3" | 20° 38' 40.0" | | m | 244° 54' 44" | 0° 27' 35.2" N. | π | 241° 58' 28.5" | 22° 50' 32" | | n | 243° 29' 28" | 0° 9' 49.3" N. | φ | 240° 51' 37.2" | 23° 19' 29.7" | | o H. C.| 243° 21' 57" | 1° 39' 9" S. | ρ | 241° 58' 30.2" | 22° 50' 32.4" | | o Mayer| 243° 20' 29" | 1° 40' 6" | τ | 242° 29' 50" | 23° 43' 58" | | p | 241° 15' 56" | 3° 13' 44" | υ | 242° 40' 19.3" | 23° 16' 36.7" | | q | 241° 54' 4" | 3° 30' 12" | ε | 241° 27' 15" | 23° 49' 34" | | r | 242° 6' 30" | 3° 35' 8" | Hist. Cel. p. 472. | | | s | 244° 3' 42" | 3° 27' 12" | Χ | 241° 2' 35.3" | 25° 1' 3" | | t | 242° 14' 16" | 4° 7' 14" | ω | m Scorpii. | | | u | 243° 18' 32" | 3° 48' 39" | A | 87 Bode Scorpii. | | | v | 243° 19' 3" | 3° 47' 24" | B | 2 c Scorpii. | | | β | 241° 28' 8.7" | 14° 23' 49.3" | C | 1345 Coel. Aust. | | | Anon. | 242° 15' 4.7" | 14° 25' 47.6" | D | P. XVI. 36 | | Hence the following Positions of the Comet. | 1822. Sidereal Time at Paramatta. | Mean R. | Mean Declin. | 1822. Sidereal Time at Paramatta. | Mean R. | Mean Declin. | |----------------------------------|---------|--------------|----------------------------------|---------|--------------| | Sept. 23 20 15 46 | 244° 30' 8" | 3° 10' 22" N. | Oct. 27 22 6 51 | 241° 23' 20" | 23° 8' 57" S. | | 24 20 11 28 | 244° 18' 44" | 2° 2' 57" | 28 21 47 45 | | 21° 58' 23° 39' 17" | | 26 20 8 52 | 243° 55' 51" | 0° 6' 39" S. | 29 21 52 34 | | 21° 0' 24° 10' 40" | | 27 21 37 46 | 243° 45' 45" | 1° 13' 3" | 30 22 2' 51 | | 18° 45' 24° 41' 41" | | 29 21 12 30 | 243° 27' 18" | 3° 11' 51" | Nov. 2 22 39 4 | | 14° 56' 26° 13' 3" | | 30 20 17 45 | 243° 19' 30" | 4° 7' 9" | 4 22 35 38 | | 12° 43' 27° 11' 15" | | Oct. 12 21 6 27 | 242° 6' 31" | 13° 57' 2" | 7 22 45 47 | | 10° 12' 28° 36' 41" | | 16 21 21 39 | 241° 49' 16" | 19° 39' 36" | 8 22 54 2 | | 9° 49' 29° 4' 26" | | 21 22 8 22 | 241° 36' 37" | 19° 46' 20" | 10 23 3' 46 | | 7° 51' 29° 59' 56" | | 22 21 29 26 | 241° 34' 0" | 20° 20' 18" | 11 23 5' 46 | | 7° 13' 30° 26' 44" | | 26 22 5 2.3 | 241° 25' 32" | 22° 36' 23" | | | | From these Observations I have calculated the following Elements. Parabola. Ellipsis. Passage over Perihelion ..... 1824, Oct. 24°.164853, ... 24°.221201 Mean Time Paramatta. Longitude of Perihelion .......... 271° 40' 32" .... 271° 36' 18".3 Longitude of Ascending Node ...... 92 42 23 .... 92 42 23 Inclination ...................... 52 40 41 .... 52 40 41 Logarithm of Perihelion Distance .... 0.0592269. Logarithm of Eccentricity ................. 9.9966440 ϕ = 82° 53' 11" Logarithm of half Parameter ............. 0.3585731 Logarithm of half the Major Axis ........... 2.1728525 Sidereal Revolution ....................... 663554.3 days = 1816.71 years. MDCCXXIX. C. Comet in the Lion, July 1824. This Comet, which was not seen in Europe, was discovered and observed by me at Stargard in lat. $34^\circ 10' 11''$ S. and long. $10^h 2^m 41^s$ E. of Greenwich. **Original Observations made with a Circular Micrometer.** | 1824 | Mean Time at Stargard. | Start | Difference of $\theta$ in arcu. | Difference of Declination in arcu. | |------|------------------------|-------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------| | July 15 | h m s | A | +0° 34' 10" | 11" S. | | | | B | +0° 32' 28.5" | 11" N. | | 16 | 7 15 53 | C | +0° 14' 21" | 7° 46' N. | | | | D | +0° 1' 39" | 10° 20' S. | | 17 | 6 52 | E | +0° 13' 52.5" | 12° 26.2' S. | | | | F | +0° 3' 37.5" | 18° S. | | | | G | -0° 11' 43.5" | 25° 33.3' N. | | 18 | 7 31 48 | H | +0° 4' 23.2" | 2° 52.5' N. | | | | K | -0° 8' 26.2" | 14° 9.7' S. | | 19 | 7 20 15.2| K | +1° 0' 49.5" | 47° 43.5' N. | | | | L | -0° 4' 10.7" | 6° 38.2' N. | | | | M | -0° 32' 1.5" | 27° 41.5' S. | | | | N | -0° 20' 21" | 39° 34.7' S. | | | | O | -0° 30' 34.5" | 54° 23.2' S. | | | | P | -0° 51' 39" | 37° 52' S. | | | | Q | +0° 3' 1.6" | 47° 5' N. | | | | R | +0° 18' 10.5" | 28° 55' N. | | | | S | -0° 14' 19" | 37° 47' N. | | 20 | 6 53 0.4 | T | +0° 13' 24.7" | 54° 58.6' S. | | | | U | -0° 19' 40.5" | 16° 12.1' S. | | | | V | +0° 1' 25" | 10° S. | | | | W | -0° 15' 27" | 23° 5' N. | | 21 | 6 48 45.7| T | +1° 46' 22" | 5° 12' N. | | | | U | +1° 14' 6" | 44° 46.8' N. | | | | Z | +0° 4' 1" | 33° 20.7' N. | | 22 | 6 51 4.4 | a | +0° 19' 36.2" | 2° 41' S. | | | | b | -0° 32' 13.5" | 14° 32' S. | | | | c | -0° 53' 5.0" | 14° 21.3' S. | | 1824 | Mean Time at Stargard. | Start | Difference of $\theta$ in arcu. | Difference of Declination in arcu. | |------|------------------------|-------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------| | July 23 | h m s | c | +0° 25' 34.5" | 41° 19' N. | | | | e | -0° 2' 0" | 20° 36' S. | | | | f | -0° 15' 23.7" | 6° 33.7' S. | | 24 | 7 39 19 | g | +0° 27' 46.5" | 11° 51' N. | | | | h | -0° 52' 40" | 21° 11.5' N. | | 25 | 6 55 16 | i | -0° 58' 58" | 14° 36' N. | | | | k | -1° 18' 26" | 20° 17' N. | | 27 | 6 46 33 | l | +0° 18' 23.6" | 31° 53.2' N. | | | | m | -0° 42' 16.6" | | | 28 | 7 0 39.2 | n | -0° 24' 11.3" | 19° 15.3' S. | | | | o | +0° 13' 48" | 41° 5.2' N. | | | | p | -0° 42' 12" | 1° 30.6' S. | | 29 | 6 52 17 | n | +0° 28' 45.6" | 17° 30.4' N. | | 31 | 6 56 20 | r | -0° 17' 14" | 12° 33' S. | | | | s | -0° 29' 35" | 24° 49' S. | | | | t | -0° 46' 28" | 29° 3' N. | | Aug. 1 | 6 53 48 | u | +0° 43' 55" | 1° 30.3' N. | | | | v | +0° 15' 2" | 7° 59.4' N. | | | | w | +0° 27' 26.2" | 19° 26' N. | | 5 | 7 4 27 | x | +0° 31' 1.5" | 10° 57' S. | | | | y | -2° 28' 9" | 34° 50.2' S. | | | | z | -3° 5' 52" | 38° 44.2' S. | | | | α | -3° 9' 9" | 42° 56.2' S. | | 6 | 6 53 57 | β | +1° 4' 15" | 15° 16' N. | | | | γ | +0° 40' 33" | 31° 2' S. | **Remark.—** On the 15th of July the Comet was only observed through the diaphragm of the telescope without the micrometer. Mean Places of the Stars for the Time of Comparison. | Stars | Mean RA | Mean Declin. | |----------------|---------|--------------| | A | 145° 44' 26" | 3° 38' 31" N | | B 7 Sext. | 145° 47' 14" | 3° 16' 6" | | C | 148° 23' 34" | 4° 30' 49" | | D | 148° 37' 39" | 4° 48' 55" | | G 19 Sext. | 150° 55' 3" | 5° 28' 44" | | H Hist. Cel. 226 | | | | K 43 Leonis | 153° 27' 30" | 7° 25' 53" | | L Messier | 154° 53' 29.5" | 8° 8' 10" | | M Messier | 154° 59' 14.5" | 8° 42' 45" | | T 2 Leonis | 155° 53' 29" | 10° 12' 26" | | U 49 Leonis | 156° 27' 22" | 9° 33' 18" | | Z 457 Mayer | 157° 37' 34" | 9° 45' 15" | | a Hist. Cel. | 158° 47' 28" | 11° 17' 45" | | b ibid. | 159° 38' 8" | 11° 22' 3" | | c 53 Leonis | | | | e | 160° 28' 41" | 12° 30' 40.3"| | Stars | Mean RA | Mean Declin. | |----------------|---------|--------------| | f | 160° 41' 11" | 1° 17' 22" N | | h | 162° 37' 48" | 12° 38' 44" | | i P. X. 231. | | | | m P. XI. 4. | 165° 37' 49.3" | 15° 21' 10" | | n θ Leonis | 166° 15' 16.1" | 16° 23' 17" | | p | 166° 33' 7.0" | 16° 4' 12" | | r 333 Hist. Cel.| 168° 36' 27" | 18° 16' 19" | | s 333 Hist. Cel.| 168° 48' 15" | 18° 18' 15" | | t 81 Leonis | 169° 6' 48" | 17° 25' 14" | | u 332 Hist. Cel.| 168° 19' 10" | 18° 23' 56" | | v 333 Hist. Cel.| | | | w 333 Hist. Cel.| | | | x Hist. Cel. | 171° 4' 32" | 20° 39' 5" | | y Hist. Cel. | 174° 3' 22" | 20° 52' 6" | | z 93 Leonis | 174° 43' 54" | 21° 11' 37" | | γ Hist. Cel. | 171° 28' 13" | 21° 24' 50" | Mean Positions of the Comet. | Year | Mean Time at Stargard | Mean RA | Mean Declin. | |------|-----------------------|---------|--------------| | 1824 | July 15 | 7° 15' 146° 19' 9" | 3° 27' " N | | | July 16 | 7° 15' 148° 38' 36" | 4° 38' | | | July 17 | 6° 52' 150° 43' 19" | 5° 54' 17" | | | July 18 | 7° 31' 48° 42' 21.2" | 7° 5' 45" | | | July 19 | 7° 20' 154° 28' 52" | 8° 14' 40" | | | July 20 | 6° 53' 156° 7' 28" | 9° 17' 12" | | | July 21 | 7° 3' 36° 41' 11" | 10° 18' 10"| | | July 22 | 6° 51' 4° 7' 15" | 11° 14' 27"| | | July 23 | 6° 41' 24° 26' 6" | 12° 10' 10"| | | July 24 | 7° 39' 16° 45' 8" | 12° 59' 55" N| | | Aug. 1 | 6° 53' 169° 3' 22" | 18° 25' 49"| | | | 5° 7' 171° 35' 16" | 20° 28' 23"| | | | 6° 35' 172° 8' 46" | 20° 54' 5" | Parabolical Elements of this Comet. Passage over the Perihelion . . . . . . . 1824, July 11d.9313773 Longitude of the Perihelion . . . . . . . . 260° 16' 32" Longitude of the Ascending Node . . . . . . 134° 19' 9" Inclination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54° 34' 19" Perihelion Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.591263 Motion retrograde. D. Comet in the Lion, July 1825. This Comet, which had been seen before in Europe, was discovered by me on the 9th of July at Stargard, where I made the following observations with a circular micrometer. | 1825 | Mean Time at Stargard. | Stars. | Difference of Right Ascension in arcu. | Difference of Declination. | Number of Obs. | |------|------------------------|--------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------|---------------| | July 9 | 7 36 0 | | +16 0 | 39 56.2 S. | 2 | | | | | -1 51 | 31 57.0 N. | 2 | | | | | -13 47 | 12 32.2 N. | 5 | | | | | -37 9 | 3 8 N. | 1 | | 1825 | Mean Time at Stargard. | Stars. | Difference of Right Ascension in arcu. | Difference of Declination. | Number of Obs. | |------|------------------------|--------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------|---------------| | July 12 | 7 8 14 | | +0 3 | 7.5 | | | | | | -0 12 48 | 21 37 S. | 2 | | | | | +1 11 37 | 25 4 N. | 1 | | | | | +0 12 35 | 19 49.4 N. | 7 | | | | | -0 7 49 | 43 38 N. | 1 | | | | | -0 8 25 | 28 33 N. | 6 | | | | | -0 10 5 | 40 58.5 N. | 3 | | | | | -0 21 18 | 27 38 N. | 1 | Mean Places of the Stars for the Time of Comparison. | Stars. | Mean Right Ascension. | Annual Variation. | Mean Declination. | Annual Variation. | |--------|-----------------------|-------------------|-------------------|------------------| | α | 167 39 36 | 47.51 | 20 2 13 | 19.51 | | β | 167 58 33 | 47.37 | 18 49 30 | 19.54 | | γ | 168 10 7 | 47.38 | 19 9 3 | 19.55 | | δ | 167 49 1 | 47.49 | 18 6 0 | 19.59 | | ε | 168 19 55 | 47.27 | 18 23 42 | 19.58 | | ζ | 168 37 13 | 47.24 | 18 6 4 | 19.59 | | η | 168 48 59 | 47.22 | 18 17 59 | 19.61 | | θ | 168 49 36 | 47.20 | 16 50 32 | 19.61 | τ is the last star, page 148 of the Histoire Céleste, where the last wire should have been 58".5 in lieu of 38".5. Positions of the Comet. | 1825 | Mean Time at Stargard. | Mean R. | Mean Declin. | |------|------------------------|---------|--------------| | July 9 | 7 36 | 167 56 18 | 19 21 38 N. | | 10 | 6 56 52 | 168 7 34.5 | 18 23 24 | | 11 | 6 57 1.5 | 168 18 32 | 17 25 47 | | 12 | 7 5 11 | 168 29 23 | 16 29 35.5 | | 13 | 7 16 6 | 168 39 21 | 15 36 14 | | 14 | 7 22 | 168 49 17.5 | 14 44 41.2 | | 15 | 7 7 42 | 169 0 23.5 | 13 54 43 | Parabolical Elements of the same. Passage over Perihel... 1825, May 30°.77265 Mean Time Stargard. Longitude of Perihelion 279° 4' 37" from true Equinox, July 12. Long. of Ascend. Node 20° 17' 34" from true Equinox, July 12. Logarithm of Perihel. Distance 9.9552155. Inclination ........... 58° 35' 58" Motion retrograde. E. Great Comet of 1825. Of this Comet I shall give only my observations during those times when its positions either became less favourable to European observers, or rendered it invisible to them. During the remainder of its appearance it was very generally observed, and with better instruments than I was provided with. ## Original Observations with a Circular Micrometer. | Year | Mean Time at Stargard | Star's Name or Number | Diff. of Right Asc. in Time | Diff. of Declin. | No.of Obs. | |------|-----------------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|-----------------|-----------| | Oct. 2 | h m s 10 40 40 | z Eridani Sequens | + 31.4 | 27 40.6 N. | 8 | | 3 | 9 57 58 | a Anon. | + 2 8.8 | 15 57 N. | 3 | | | 10 16 34 | b —— | − 2 44.3 | 5 48.4 N. | 6 | | | 10 35 11 | c —— | − 2 56.5 | 43 12.9 N. | 3 | | 5 | 8 40 15 | g Anon. | − 3 13.3 | 31 7 N. | 1 | | | 8 55 48 | f —— | − 2 13.8 | 4 26 N. | 3 | | | 8 57 5 | i —— | − 4 24.4 | 20 33.9 N. | 5 | | | 9 3 35 | π Ceti | − 7 0.2 | 23 33.5 S. | 2 | | | 9 11 54 | h Anon. | − 3 21.0 | 13 0.3 N. | 3 | | | 9 20 58 | e —— | + 27.3 | 26 37 N. | 6 | | | 9 53 54 | d —— | + 1 5.6 | 41 57 N. | 1 | | 14 | 8 11 49 | 74 | − 23.58 | 47 5.6 S. | 1 | | | 8 19 36 | 75 | − 2 51.2 | 41 32.8 S. | 1 | | | 8 25 3 | 73 | + 32.95 | 7 44.2 S. | 2 | | | 8 27 23 | 72 | + 3 36.85 | 35 33 N. | 1 | | 15 | 8 35 13.2 | 70 | − 3 18.88 | 7 27.8 S. | 1 | | | 8 37 54 | 69 | − 36.22 | 5 59.3 S. | 1 | | 16 | 8 14 46 | Anon. | + 1 31.15 | 16 24 | | | 17 | 7 31 36 | l | − 2 33.1 | 18 26.7 N. | 2 | | | 7 49 0 | 65 | + 48.9 | 13 4 S. | 2 | | | 7 49 0 | k | − 1 38.1 | 19 31 N. | 1 | | | 8 6 25 | 64 | + 52.8 | 14 6.53 | 1 | | | 8 6 25 | m | − 4 31.1 | 25 0 N. | 1 | | 18 | 15 33 35 | 58 | + 12.6 | 19 50 N. | 3 | | | 15 34 36 | 54 | + 4 35.7 | 34 55 N. | 1 | | | 15 48 43 | 56 | + 54.4 | 40 14 N. | 1 | | | 15 48 43 | 59 | − 12.1 | 41 49 N. | 1 | | 19 | 8 14 46 | n. 1920 C. A. | +12 35.7 | 16 55.2 S. | 1 | | | p. 95 C. A. | o | + 6 51.8 | 21 25 S. | 2 | | | q | + 6 28.2 | 6 56 N. | 1 | | | q | + 5 19.9 | 25 48 S. | 2 | | | q | + 6 38.6 | 11.0 | | | | q | + 5 11.0 | 15 57 8 | r C. A. p. 85 | + 2 22.8 | 31 24 N. | 1 | | | 16 9 49 | 50 | + 1 30.0 | 38 58 N. | 1 | | 20 | 7 26 24 | s | − 2 42.6 | 20 S. | 1 | | | t C. A. p. 85 | 49 | + 3 44 | 51 19 S. | 2 | | | 7 44 12.9 | 50 | − 6 37.9 | 10 48 S. | 3 | | | 51 | − 7 16.6 | 3 21.5 S. | 3 | | 21 | 15 53 9.3 | 45 | + 3 38.5 | 15 27.2 S. | 4 | | | 46 | + 3 20.9 | 19 56.5 S. | 5 | A long succession of rainy weather interrupted the observations. The numbers have reference to the stars, of which the places have been determined by my own observations; as in the following list the stars designated with alphabetic characters have not been observed by me. Mean Places for January 1, 1827, of 86 Fixed Stars situated in the track of this Comet. | No. of Stars | Mean Right Asc. January 1, 1827 | Annual Variation | Mean S. P. D. Jan. 1, 1827 | Annual Variation | Mag.-nit. | No. of Stars | Mean Right Asc. January 1, 1827 | Annual Variation | Mean S. P. D. Jan. 1, 1827 | Annual Variation | Mag.-nit. | |--------------|---------------------------------|------------------|---------------------------|------------------|----------|--------------|---------------------------------|------------------|---------------------------|------------------|----------| | 1 | 29°4'40"20" | 62.67 | 47°42'57" | +8.23 | 7 | 44 | 349°53'10.4 | 49.47 | 44°33'7.7 | +19.70 | 6 | | 2 | 295°49'36" | 62.29 | 47°41'13.4 | 8.72 | 4.5 | 45 | 351°22'29.1 | 48.78 | 46°21'41.0 | 19.78 | 6 | | 3 | 297°5'52" | 62.73 | 46°29'42.1 | 9.14 | 6 | 46 | 351°26'6.7 | 48.76 | 46°25'52 | 19.79 | 5 | | 4 | 297°49'4.2 | 62.29 | 46°36 | ...... | 6 | 47 | 353°10'58.8 | 48.14 | 46°46'31.2 | 19.87 | 7 | | 5 | 297°55'0.1 | ...... | Pavonis | ...... | 4 | 48 | 354°17'17.5 | 47.71 | 47°29'56.9 | 19.91 | 7 | | 6 | 298°44'50.3 | 62.96 | 40°52 | ...... | 7 | 49 | 355°40'3.5 | 47.36 | 48°12'55.6 | 19.95 | 6 | | 7 | 299°20'32.1 | 62.98 | 45°36 | ...... | 7 | 50 | 358°5'27.1 | 46.60 | 47°33'5.0 | 20.00 | 6 | | 8 | 299°30'38.1 | 62.90 | 45°36'37.0 | 9.8 | 7 | 51 | 358°15'12.9 | 46.55 | 47°25'30.7 | 20.00 | 6 | | 9 | 299°48'27.1 | 62.76 | 45°50'31.0 | 9.8 | 7 | 52 | 359°15'6.7 | 48.34 | 47°17'16.7 | 20.00 | 7 | | 10 | 300°7'11.6 | 62.16 | 46°43'14.1 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 53 | 359°38'11.5 | 46.00 | 48°33'53.8 | 20.00 | 7 | | 11 | 300°13'12.0 | 63.23 | 44°57 | ...... | 7 | 54 | 0°37'50.6 | 45.69 | 48°39'49.8 | 20.00 | 7 | | 12 | 301°35'36.3 | 62.01 | 46°37'9.3 | 10.5 | 7 | 55 | 0°43'37.19 | 45.76 | 53°44 | ...... | 7 | | 13 | 301°41'58.7 | 62.01 | ...... | ...... | 7 | 56 | 1°25'27.04 | 45.44 | 48°40 | ...... | 7.8 | | 14 | 301°43'12.6 | 62.93 | 44°56'49.7 | 10.53 | 6 | 57 | 1°33'40.52 | 45.60 | 52°53 | ...... | 7.8 | | 15 | 302°38'59.6 | 62.75 | ...... | ...... | 7 | 58 | 1°38'1.9 | 45.39 | 48°56'39.2 | 20.00 | 7 | | 16 | 303°47'36.3 | 62.57 | 44°57 | ...... | 7 | 59 | 1°41'47.9 | 45.39 | 48°35'14.5 | 20.00 | 7 | | 17 | 304°51'22 | 62.35 | ...... | ...... | 7 | 60 | 1°44'48.5 | 45.53 | 53°44 | ...... | 7 | | 18 | 305°18'4.4 | 62.23 | 44°54 | ...... | 7 | 61 | 2°24'0.2 | 45.25 | 52°36 | ...... | 7.8 | | 19 | 305°30'0.1 | 62.12 | 44°54'27.3 | 11.62 | 7 | 62 | 3°4'1.85 | 44.77 | 49°48'0.1 | 19.98 | 5.6 | | 20 | 306°37'29.8 | 62.07 | 44°53'8.1 | 11.95 | 6 | 63 | 3°22'40.0 | 44.94 | 50°36 | ...... | 7.8 | | 21 | 307°35'57.9 | 62.02 | 44°30'23.7 | 12.2 | 6 | 64 | 5°36'15.3 | 44.32 | 51°25 | ...... | 7 | | 22 | 309°23'4.7 | 62.42 | 43°8'33.2 | 12.7 | 6 | 65 | 5°38'40.8 | 44.32 | 51°28 | ...... | 8 | | 23 | 311°1'3.2 | 61.12 | 44°46'30.7 | 13.12 | 7 | 66 | 9°34'31.3 | 43.39 | 52°59 | ...... | 7 | | 24 | 329°19'19.9 | 57.15 | 44°12'23 | 17.2 | 2 | 67 | 10°10'31.3 | 43.27 | 52°50 | ...... | 7 | | 25 | 330°30'23.4 | 57.60 | 40°5'59.9 | 17.42 | 7 | 68 | 11°9'1.7 | 43.17 | 54°55 | ...... | 7 | | 26 | 333°1'43.0 | 55.58 | 43°11'4.7 | 17.83 | 6 | 69 | 12°7'15.9 | 43.13 | 54°28 | ...... | 7.8 | | 27 | 333°7'4.1 | 55.53 | 43°12'20.4 | 17.85 | 6 | 70 | 12°47'54.6 | 42.74 | 54°25'24 | 19.51 | 7 | | 28 | 333°11'33.2 | 55.76 | 42°27'44.3 | 17.85 | 6 | 71 | 13°16'56.9 | 42.65 | 56°53 | ...... | 7.8 | | 29 | 334°49'53 | 54.5 | 45°22'16 | 18.11 | 6 | 72 | 14°5'21.4 | 42.56 | 55°32'16 | 19.41 | 7 | | 30 | 336°54'42.4 | 53.57 | 42°23'51.5 | 18.4 | 6 | 73 | 14°52'15.0 | 42.47 | 56°15'34 | 19.34 | 7 | | 31 | 338°4'24.1 | 54.13 | 42°12'50.4 | 18.56 | 3 | 74 | 15°8'14.3 | 42.46 | 56°46 | ...... | 8 | | 32 | 338°51'23.2 | 53.77 | 42°32'55 | 18.66 | 6 | 75 | 15°45'10.4 | 42.35 | 56°49'37.5 | 19.26 | 7 | | 33 | 339°6'37.64 | 53.78 | 42°9'15.4 | 18.69 | 7 | 76 | 16°18'47.7 | 42.31 | 57°11 | ...... | 7 | | 34 | 340°23'40.7 | 52.75 | 44°37 | ...... | 7 | 77 | 16°23'38.1 | 42.31 | 57°53 | ...... | 7 | | 35 | 340°47'32.7 | 52.72 | 43°56'12.1 | 18.90 | 6 | 78 | 16°35'12.3 | 42.31 | 57°53 | ...... | 7 | | 36 | 342°19'11.4 | 52.92 | 43°53'11.5 | 19.07 | 6 | 79 | 18°29'5.0 | 39.31 | 43°56'55.0 | 18.98 | 7 | | 37 | 342°47'58.4 | 52.04 | ...... | ...... | 7 | 80 | 20°10'19.1 | 41.79 | 59°12'5.3 | 18.78 | 7 | | 38 | 343°8'17.15 | 51.95 | 43°46'9.9 | 19.15 | 7 | 81 | 20°24'52 | 41.74 | 59°12 | ...... | 8 | | 39 | 345°7'56.3 | 51.24 | 43°49'5.3 | 19.34 | 6 | 82 | 20°43'20.2 | 41.43 | 57°48 | ...... | 7 | | 40 | 346°44'58.6 | 50.56 | 44°34'13.3 | 19.48 | 6 | 83 | 20°47'45.2 | 41.43 | 57°48 | ...... | 7 | | 41 | 347°58'0.1 | 50.21 | 44°9'8.2 | 19.57 | 7 | 84 | 20°52'11.1 | 41.64 | 59°7'4 | +18.76 | 7 | | 42 | 348°33'33.4 | 49.74 | 45°55'40.0 | +19.61 | 7 | 85 | 21°21'28.1 | 41.56 | 59°11 | ...... | 7 | | 43 | 349°41'45.4 | 49.53 | 44°38 | ...... | 7 | 86 | 21°47'36.0 | 41.21 | 57°48 | ...... | 7 | Remark.—Where the South Polar Distance is not given to Seconds, it is merely estimated according to its distance from the horizontal wire of the Transit. Positions of the Comet, deduced from the above Observations. | 1825. | Mean Time at Stargard. | Mean Right Ascension. | Mean S. P. D. | |-------|------------------------|----------------------|--------------| | Oct. 14 | h m s | ° ' " | ° ' " | | 8 21 0 | 15 1 10.0 | 56 7 38 | | | 15 8 36 34 | 11 57 21.1 | 54 17 33 | | | 17 7 57 42 | 5 49 18.4 | 51 15 | | | 18 15 38 48 | 1 40 26 | 49 15 51 | | | 19 8 22 58 | 359 30 17 | 48 24 22 | | | 19 16 12 49 | 358 26 12 | 48 4 7 | | | 20 7 42 7 | 356 25 7.3 | 47 21 40 | | | 21 15 53 9 | 352 15 46 | 43 54 15 | | | 22 16 17 46 | 349 13 20.5 | 45 18 2.3 | | | 23 7 46 12 | 347 19 25 | 44 52 19 | | | 23 15 27 10 | 346 22 43 | 44 38 52 | | | 25 7 52 34 | 341 41 20.1 | 43 46 24 | | | 25 12 50 11 | 341 7 39.5 | 43 39 58 | | | 26 7 44 0 | 339 3 29.0 | 43 23 1 | | | 27 7 38 37 | 336 31 46.5 | 43 0 3.3 | | | 1825. | Mean Time at Stargard. | Mean Right Ascension. | Mean S. P. D. | |-------|------------------------|----------------------|--------------| | Oct. 28 | h m s | ° ' " | ° ' " | | 13 20 21 | 333 35 31.4 | 42 47 0 | | | 29 13 33 53 | 331 19 54.5 | 42 39 29.4 | | | 30 9 31 42.6 | 329 32 26 | 42 35 34.3 | | | Nov. 13 | 8 50 7 | 309 58 18.2 | 43 50 1.8 | | 14 8 23 32 | 309 7 7.7 | 43 58 56 | | | 16 8 28 17 | 307 32 36 | 44 18 31.3 | | | 20 8 43 45 | 304 52 21.4 | 44 55 44 | | | 22 8 14 49 | 303 45 48 | 45 21 | | | 25 8 22 10 | 302 17 36.4 | 45 38 29.2 | | | 30 8 29 12 | 300 15 57 | 46 21 10 | | | Dec. 1 | 8 14 21 | 299 53 39 | 46 23 38 | | 9 9 4 43 | 297 35 36 | 47 19 28 | | | 12 8 50 56 | 296 54 52 | 47 35 49 | | | 16 8 20 58 | 296 7 40 | 47 52 51 | | | 20 8 37 5 | 295 25 34 | 48 16 0 | | Elements. For the calculation of the elements I choose the Observations of the 2nd and 30th October and 20th December. From the apparent places of the fixed stars I deduce those of the Comet, and calculate thence its apparent latitudes and longitudes. | Mean Time. | Comet's Apparent Long. | Comet's Apparent Lat. | |------------|------------------------|-----------------------| | Oct. 2 | h m s | ° ' " | ° ' " | | 10 40 39.6 | 36 51 50 | 24 13 58 | | 30 9 31 42.6 | 313 48 52 | 32 35 33 | | Dec. 20 | 8 37 5 | 289 56 17 | 20 1 0 | These I reduce to mean places for Nutation and Parallax found by approximated Distances of the Comet, and to the Times I apply the reduction for Aberration. I have then, proceeding according to Dr. Olber's method, | Reduced M.T. | Mean places of the Comet. | Sun's Longitude and Distance. | Interval. | |--------------|---------------------------|-------------------------------|-----------| | Oct. 2 | t 10 34 54.5 | α° 36 51 57 | β° 24 13 51 | 189° 0 47 R° 9.9998749 | | 30 | t' 9 24 25.4 | α' 313 48 59 | β' 32 35 44 | 216° 46 52 R' 9.9965846 | | Dec. 20 | t" 8 20 28.2 | α" 289 56 0 | β" 20 1 3 | 268° 20 1 R" 9.9927908 | u° 18° 52' 35" r° 1.6231966 K° 0.553954 u' 38° 21' 36" r' 1.3972681 K' 1.084327 u" 86° 17' 50" r" 1.2534290 Hence, | Ellipsis. | Parabola. | |-----------|----------| | Passage over Perihel. 1825, Dec. 11⁴ 4^h 45^m 8^s | Dec. 10⁴ 16^h 36^m 23^s M. T. Stargard. | | Longitude of Perihel. 318° 28' 54" | 319° 6' 39" From Mean Equinox, December 20, 1825. | | Node .215 44 58 | .215 44 58 | | Inclination ........... 33 31 3 | 33 31 3 | | Logarithm of Perihelion Distance ............... 0.0950103 | | Logarithm ............. 9.9802984 | Motion retrograde. | | ϕ .................. 72° 52' 19" | | Logar. half Parameter .. 0.3866458 | | Logar. half Major Axis 1.4438875 | | Logar. half Minor Axis 0.9152666 | | Logar. Sidereal Motion 1.3841754 | | Logar. Sidereal Revolution 53509.3 Days. | The elements of this Comet might have been found, without the assistance of the usual methods, in the following manner: The time of the Comet’s passage through its node could be deduced from the observations, by finding through interpolation when its geocentric and consequently also its heliocentric latitude was = 0. But the Comet was at that time near its opposition, so that a rough estimation of its distance \( \varepsilon \) from the earth was sufficient to find the longitude of the node by the formula \[ \tan(\varphi - L) = \frac{\rho \sin(\alpha - L)}{R + \rho \cos(\alpha - L)} \] where \( L \) is the heliocentric longitude of the earth, \( R \) its radius vector, and \( \alpha \) the Comet’s geocentric longitude; for as \( \alpha - L \) is small near the opposition, \( \varepsilon \) can but little influence the angle of commutation. We had also the opportunity of observing the Comet when the node was in opposition. For this time is a plane passing through Sun, Comet, and Earth, the plane of the Comet’s orbit consequently \[ \tan \beta' = \tan I., \beta' \text{ being the Comet’s geocentric latitude, and } I \text{ the inclination of the orbit.} \] Having thus obtained approximate values of \( \varphi \) and \( I \), the rest of the elements might be found as usual, and corrected by three Hypotheses. We had also the opportunity of observing the Comet in its opposition, when its heliocentric and geocentric longitudes were equal. Consequently, \[ \tan(\alpha'' - \varphi) = \tan u', u' \] being the argument of latitude whence \( r'' \) is known, and the interval of time found according to Lambert’s Theorem with \( r'' \), \( r \) and \( u' \), if this interval does not agree with the observation, the operation must be repeated with a new hypothesis of \( \varphi \). The opportunity of observing a comet whilst its node is in opposition presents itself often, offering a means of ascertaining the inclination with the more preciseness the greater \( \alpha - \beta \) is, as the sinus thereof suffers then but little alteration by an error in the longitude of the node, which is all that is assumed as given. The two next Comets were discovered and observed by me at Paramatta. F. Comet in Orion, Sept. 1826. Original Comparisons of the Comet with fixed Stars, made with a Wire Micrometer. | 1826. | Sidereal Time at Paramatta. | Difference of \( \Delta R \) in Time. | Comet N. or S. of Star. | |-------|---------------------------|-----------------------------------|------------------------| | Sept. 4 | h m s | m s | ' " | | | 2 50 | b -0 9 | | | | 3 28 21 | a +1 32.46 | | | | | | 11 0 N. | | | 5 1 15 | d in parallel with Comet | | | | 2 27 15 | c + 13.06 | | | | 2 50 6 | d - 10.04 | | | | | c + 19.48 | | | | | | 19 58 S. | | | 6 1 54 54 | f - 10.8 | | | | 2 12 36 | f - 1 33.5 | | | | 2 51 2.5 | g - 5 49 | | | | | | 10 38 S. | | | 7 2 56 17 | h - 50.45 | | | | 3 1 8 | h - 1 48.1 | | | | 3 5 0 | k - 4 12.2 | | | | 3 32 48 | | | | | 8 2 16 30 | l + 8.87 | | | | 2 22 0.5 | m -1 11.0 | | | | | n -1 21.0 | | | | | o -2 44 | | | | | p -3 37.3 | | | | | | 16 20 S. | | | | | 4 10 N. | | | 9 2 44 47 | q - 11.3 | | | | 3 19 | q in centre of Comet. | | | | 11 3 51 18 | r - 22.84 | | | | 3 55 23 | s -1 58 | | | 1826. | Sidereal Time at Paramatta. | Difference of \( \Delta R \) in Time. | Comet N. or S. of Star. | |-------|---------------------------|-----------------------------------|------------------------| | Sept.12 | h m s | m s | ' " | | | 2 50 50 | t -5 11.74 | | | | | u -5 53.4 | | | | | | 7 47 N. | | | 14 2 23 41 | v +1 56.2 | | | | 3 54 33 | x +1 23.4 | | | | | z - 27.0 | | | | | | 22 48 S. | | | 15 2 40 | \( \alpha +5 4 \) | | | | 3 28 36 | \( \beta +3 18 \) | | | | | \( \gamma -2 6.6 \) | | | | | | 17 33 N. | | | 20 3 46 50 | \( \eta -1 26.54 \) | | | | 3 48 3 | \( \varepsilon -1 47.5 \) | | | | 4 10 40 | \( \zeta -2 24 \) | | | | | \( \delta +2 5 \) | | | | | | 4 51.7 N. | | | 21 3 47 59 | \( \iota -2 59.1 \) | | | | 3 54 49 | \( \theta -30.06 \) | | | | 4 2 17 | | 2 47.3 N. | | | | | 5 24 N. | | | 22 4 24 51 | \( \kappa -7.02 \) | | | | | | 10 38 S. | | | 23 4 41 55 | \( \lambda +2 45.3 \) | | | | | \( \mu +2 31.8 \) | | | | | \( \nu -1 15.57 \) | | | | | | 11 43 N. | | | | | 44 N. | | | 24 4 14 46 | \( \sigma +2 33.5 \) | | | | | \( \pi +1 41.9 \) | | | | | \( \rho -58.5 \) | | | | | | 12 16 S. | | | | | 1 35 S. | ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS #### Sidereal Time at Paramatta. | Date | Sidereal Time | Difference of RA in Time | Comet N. or S. of Star | |--------|---------------|--------------------------|-----------------------| | Sept. 25 | h m s | m s | | | | 5 20 | σ -1 | 8 41.5 S. | | | 26 4 38 29 | τ -1 | 7 36.4 N. | | | 29 4 40 41 | ϕ +1 | 2 6.7 N. | | | 30 4 56 56 | ω -28.7 | 28 58 S. | | | | A -258.7 | 7 27 S. | | | | ω | 28 10 S. | | Oct. 1 | 4 56 20 | B +1 | 15 2 N. | | | 5 5 29 | C +29.1 | 4 45.2 N. | #### Mean Places of the fixed Stars for the Time of Comparison. | Stars | Mean RA | Ann. Var. | Mean Declination | Ann. Var. | |-------|---------|-----------|------------------|-----------| | a | 83 50 47| 42.75 | 9 1 18.5 | -2.1 | | b | 84 12 54| ... | 9 1 | | | c | 85 45 4 | 43.25 | 7 34 9 | -1.48 | | e | 87 30 2 | ... | 6 53 9 | | | f | 87 50 42| 43.52 | 6 36 54 | -0.35 | | g | 88 57 6 | 43.55 | 6 42 23 | | | h | 89 23 23| 43.91 | 5 52 16 | -0.3 | | i | 90 47 35| 44.28 | 4 37 53 | +0.29 | | o | 91 30 56.5| 44.32 | 4 31 32 | | | p | 91 43 58 | ... | 4 51 44 | | | q | 92 37 0 | 44.62 | 3 40 53 | +0.79 | | r | 96 12 41| 45.52 | 1 5 34 | +2.09 | | t | 99 4 17 | | | | | u | 99 14 55| 55.62 | 0 32 21 | +3.08 | | v | 100 46 30| 46.41 | 1 27 16 | -3.64 | | x | 100 54 23| 46.41 | 1 27 46 | -3.70 | | z | 101 29 9 | 46.68 | 2 15 36 | -3.9 | | γ | 103 37 53| ... | 2 41 19 | | #### Positions of the Comet. | Date | Sidereal Time | Mean RA | Mean Declination | |--------|---------------|---------|-----------------| | Sept. 4 | h m s | | | | | 2 50 | 84 10 26| | | | 3 28 21 | 84 13 54| | | | 5 20 6 | 85 49 56| | | | 6 2 31 49 | 87 28 36| | | | 7 2 56 17 | 89 10 46| | | | 8 2 16 30 | 90 49 48| | | | 9 3 1 56 | 92 35 35| | | | 11 3 51 18 | 96 6 59 | | | | 12 2 50 50 | 97 46 27.5| | | | 14 3 9 5 | 101 18 55| | | | 15 3 28 36 | 103 6 14| | | 1826. Sidereal Time at Paramatta. | Mean RA | Mean Declination | |----------------------------------|---------|-----------------| | Sept. 20 | h m s | | | | 3 46 50 | | | | 112 0 11| | | | 8 26 25 N.| | | | 21 | | | | 3 54 49 | | | | 113 46 37.5| | | | 9 28 42 | | | | 23 | | | | 4 41 55 | | | | 117 26 19| | | | 11 36 17| | | | 24 | | | | 4 28 17 | | | | 119 7 26| | | | 12 27 49| | | | 25 | | | | 5 20 | | | | 120 53 25| | | | 13 25 20| | | | 26 | | | | 4 38 29 | | | | 122 37 3| | | | 14 17 49| | | | 29 | | | | 4 40 41 | | | | 127 45 48| | | | 16 47 11| | | | 30 | | | | 4 56 56 | | | | 129 27 7| | | | 17 32 46| | | | Oct. 1 | | | | 5 5 29 | | | | 131 8 5 | | | | 18 16 26| | | | 3 | | | | 5 15 41 | | | | 134 25 1| | | | 19 36 33| | | | 5 | | | | 5 23 7 | | | | 137 36 58| | | | 20 47 35| | Parabolical Elements. Passage over the Perihelion . . 1826, Oct. 9\textsuperscript{d}.20553, Mean Time Paramatta. Longitude from Mean Equin. Jan. 1, 1827, \begin{cases} \text{Perihelion} & 57^\circ 30' 15'' \\ \text{Ascending Node} & 44^\circ 10' 34'' \end{cases} Logarithm of Perihelion Distance . 9.9316004 Inclination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25^\circ 46' 0'' Motion direct. G. Re-appearance of the Comet of Encke in 1828. Comparisons with principal stars, that but rarely chanced to be sufficiently near its track to avoid inaccuracies arising from the position of the wires or inequalities of the micrometer screws, would have been of little service for a comet, whereof the positions were already better known from the Ephemeris of Professor Encke. I have therefore confined my observations to stars, however small, to which it nearest approached, as their places may be determined at any time hereafter, being sufficiently known from the place of the comet itself to identify the stars in the meridian. Original Observations of the Comet of Encke, made at Paramatta. 1828. Nov. 2.—At $1^h 11^m 42^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet followed 56 Pegasi in $55^s$ in Time, and was $6'$ North thereof in arc. Nov. 3.—At $23^h 34^m 41^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet preceded 56 Pegasi $3^m 18^s$, being South of that Star. The Comet covered at the same time a Star (a) of the 10th magnitude, which was about $3'$ North of two Stars (b and c) of the 9th magnitude situated contiguous to one another. Nov. 5.—At $23^h 1^m 40^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet preceded a Star (d) $43^s$, whereof it was $4'$ North. The Star is contained in the Histoire Céleste, its place being about in $\alpha$ $22^h 46^m 24^s$, Declin. $29^\circ 29'$. Nov. 7.—At $23^h 19^m 6^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet preceded $\lambda$ Pegasi $2^m 5^s$.5, and was $0' 23''$ North thereof. At $0^h 47^m$ Sidereal Time, the Comet preceded the same Star $2^m 19^s$, and was $3' 23''$ North thereof. The latter observations are somewhat uncertain. Nov. 10.—At $0^h 14^m 33^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet was in the same Hour-circle, and $15''$ direct North of a Star (e) of the 9th magnitude. This Star had the same $\alpha$ with, and was $3' 30''$ North of, the second of two contiguous Stars (f and g) of the 10th magnitude, whereof the difference of $\alpha$ is $12^s$ in Time. 1828. Nov. 12.—At $0^h\ 29^m\ 27^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet preceded a Star (h) $23^s.4$, and was at $0^h\ 50^m$ in the parallel of the Star. This Star is contained in Hist. Cél., page 32, without any magnitude assigned to it, but it is of the 6th magnitude. The same Star precedes another of the 7th magnitude by $18^s$, and precedes $33$ Pegasi by $2^m\ 7^s$. Nov. 13.—At $23^h\ 44^m\ 31^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet followed a Star (i) in $18^s.7$, and preceded another Star (k) $22^s.5$, and was $5' 30''$ South of k. The Star (i) precedes $33$ Pegasi $7^m\ 20^s$, and is $2' 4''$ South of k. Nov. 14.—At $23^h\ 37^m\ 30^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet followed a Star (l) in $1^m\ 16^s$, and was $13' 4''$ North thereof. The Star is of the 7.8 magnitude, and in the middle of two Stars of the 9th and 10th magnitude, all three forming a straight line in an angle of about $16^\circ$ with the parallel of Declination. At $0^h\ 55^m\ 30^s$ S. T. the Comet preceded $\{ \text{the Star (m)}\ 1^m\ 38^s$, being $9' 28''$ S. thereof. \\ $\{ \text{the Star (n)}\ 1\ 59$, being $13\ 17$ S. thereof. At $1^h\ 13^m$ S. T. the Comet preceded $\{ \text{the Stars (m) and (n)}\ 1^m\ 41^s$. \\ $\{ \text{the Star (o)}\ 5\ 47$. \\ $\{ \text{the Star (p)}\ 6\ 42$. o is of the 7th, and p of the 6th magnitude: p is to be found in Hist. Cél., page 32, and is in about $22^h\ 10^m\ 34^s$ R and $19^\circ\ 7'$ Declination. Nov. 15.—At $23^h\ 39^m\ 28^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet preceded $120$ Pegasi Bode by $11^s.3$; and at $0^h\ 55^m$ Sidereal Time, it preceded the same Star $15^s.67$, and was $2' 11''$ North thereof. The observations of this Comet, which was very faint as yet, were now interrupted by the Moon, which passed in its neighbourhood. Nov. 19.—At $0^h\ 10^m\ 24^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet followed $13$ Pegasi in $1^m\ 11^s$, being $2' 53''$ South thereof. Nov. 23.—At $0^h\ 39^m\ 23^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet preceded $34$ Pegasi Bode by $59^s.83$. At $0^h\ 49^m\ 20^s$ the Comet preceded the same Star $1^m\ 2^s$, being $9' 47''$ South thereof. Nov. 25.—At $0^h\ 48^m\ 5^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet followed a Star (q) of the 7th magnitude in $38^s.12$. At $1^h\ 0^m\ 21^s$ it followed the same Star in $37^s.0$, and was $3' 38''$ North thereof. Nov. 26.—At $1^h\ 45^m\ 19^s$ Sidereal Time, $\{ r \text{ in } 3^m\ 22^s.7$ \\ $\{ s \text{ in } 2\ 53\ .7$ \\ $\{ t \text{ in } 0\ 45\ .7$ and preceded $\{ u\ 1^m\ 35^s.3$. \\ $\{ w\ 1\ 52\ .8$. At the same time the Comet was $10' 56''$ N. of r, and at $1^h\ 50^m$ it was $14' 34''$ N. of t. r, s, and t, are to be found in Hist. Cél., page 106; by the middle wires, $\{ r \text{ is } 21^h\ 10^m\ 5^s.5$. \\ $\{ s \text{ is } 21\ 10\ 24\ .5$. \\ $\{ t \text{ is } 21\ 12\ 42\ .5$. Nov. 27.—At $1^h\ 9^m\ 0^s$ Sidereal Time, the Comet preceded a star (x) $22^s.95$, and at $1^h\ 20^m\ 30^s$ Sidereal Time was $23' 51''$ South thereof. 1828. Nov. 28.—At $1^h 4^m 18^s$ the Comet followed a Star (γ) in $1^s.8$, being $30' 10''$ North thereof. The place of this Star according to Hist. Cél. is $\begin{cases} \text{R} & 21^h 10^m 22^s.5, \\ \text{Decl.} & 10° 51' 31''. \end{cases}$ At $1^h 16^m$ the Comet preceded a star (z) $42^s$, and another star (α) $56^s$; and was South of α, $22' 15''$. Dec. 5.—At $1^h 1^m 0^s$ the Comet followed a Star (β) in $1^m 2^s$, and was $5' 26''$ North thereof. At $1^h 31^m 42^s$, the Comet preceded 14 Delphini $28^s.12$, and was $13' 50''$ South thereof. Fixed Stars. Determination of the Right Ascensions of some of the principal Stars of the Southern Hemisphere, by absolute, and equal Altitudes. 1. Absolute Altitudes. The weakness of the axis of the transit in Paramatta rendered it impossible for its optical axis to move in one and the same plane in passing from the north to the south of the zenith; so that I could not place implicit confidence in the right ascensions of the southern stars deduced from the northern by means of this instrument. I was therefore desirous to establish the right ascensions of some of the principal southern circumpolar stars, independently of the transit, by methods not subject to any constant error, and I resorted first to repetitions with Reichenbach's circle for observing the hour angles of these stars when near their greatest azimuth circle, corresponding to times of the sidereal clock, whereof the error was ascertained on the same days from equal altitudes of the Sun, Sirius, and other known stars. Not to lose the time devoted at night to the transit and mural circle, I made these observations in the day-time, having constructed for that purpose a table of azimuths and altitudes for the star from 5 to 5 minutes, which enabled me to find the star at any time for the left observation; and as the table contained also the double zenith distances, I had but to advance the nonius of the small circle by that quantity, in order to have the star again in the field after half a revolution in azimuth. Thus I could continue the repetitions to any extent with greater ease and accuracy in the day-time than at night. The observations were made as much as circumstances would admit east as well as west of the meridian, in order to let the errors of the instrument compensate each other. The observations were chiefly made at the time when the star's azimuth was a maximum, and consequently stationary; the change of altitude was then proportional to the change of time, and the calculated hour-angle did not require the troublesome reduction of the middle of times to the middle of altitudes. Though it cannot be expected that absolute altitudes will give the right ascensions with the same consistency amongst themselves as observations with a transit instrument, the mean of a great number of them derived from observations made on both sides of the meridian is more likely to be free from any constant errors to which the transit instrument may be subject. ### Canopus | 1826, Sidereal Time | Culmination by Clock deduced from the Hour-angle | Error of Clock | Aberr. and Nutat. in arc. | Precess. to 1827. | Mean Right Ascension Jan. 1, 1827, in Degrees | |---------------------|--------------------------------------------------|---------------|--------------------------|-----------------|---------------------------------------------| | June 27 | | | | | | | 10 30 | 6 19 58.6 | +6.22 | +26.51 | +10.20 | 95 1 49.01 | | 28 | 19 57.1 | 5.94 | 26.49 | 10.10 | 22.20 | | 30 | 19 58.8 | 6.00 | 26.44 | 9.91 | 48.35 | | July 5 | | | | | | | 2 7 | 19 59.73 | 3.53 | 26.18 | 9.58 | 24.66 | | 6 | 20 0.87 | 3.08 | 26.13 | 9.52 | 59.25 | | 7 | 1.33 | 2.40 | 26.00 | 9.46 | 34.41 | | 8 | 1.73 | 2.37 | 25.89 | 9.39 | 36.78 | | 9 | 2.27 | 1.84 | 25.79 | 9.32 | 36.76 | | 10 30 | 3.40 | +1.48 | 25.60 | 9.22 | 48.02 | | 12 23 | 4.76 | −0.57 | 25.41 | 9.12 | 37.38 | | 13 10 | 5.8 | 0.59 | 25.25 | 9.02 | 52.42 | | 13 24 | 5.42 | 0.97 | 25.25 | 9.02 | 40.98 | | 14 10 | 6.89 | 1.33 | 25.10 | 8.92 | 57.42 | | 14 25 | 6.17 | 1.67 | 25.00 | 8.90 | 41.40 | | 15 10 | 4.88 | 1.44 | 24.93 | 8.85 | 25.38 | | 15 25 | 6.37 | 1.73 | 24.89 | 8.85 | 43.34 | | 16 10 | 6.6 | 2.06 | 24.77 | 8.78 | 41.65 | | 17 10 | 6.32 | 2.88 | 24.58 | 8.725 | 24.90 | | 17 25 | 7.4 | 3.14 | 24.58 | 8.65 | 37.13 | | 18 10 | 8.04 | 3.20 | 24.39 | 8.65 | 45.64 | | 19 10 | 8.1 | −3.7 | +24.19 | +8.59 | 38.78 | | 1826, Sidereal Time | Culmination by Clock deduced from the Hour-angle | Error of Clock | Aberr. and Nutat. in arc. | Precess. to 1827. | Mean Right Ascension Jan. 1, 1827, in Degrees | |---------------------|--------------------------------------------------|---------------|--------------------------|-----------------|---------------------------------------------| | July 25 | | | | | | | 10 33 | 6 20 5.79 | −0.8 | +22.82 | +8.33 | 95 1 45.90 | | 28 | 10 29 | 6.05 | 0.24 | 21.97 | 8.08 | | 30 | 2 55 | 4.02 | 0.4 | 21.12 | 7.93 | | Aug. 2 | | | | | | | 10 28 | 5.77 | −0.35 | 20.87 | 7.73 | 49.90 | | 5 10 | 2.17 | +0.08 | 18.60 | 7.53 | 49.90 | | 11 10 | 3.89 | 1.68 | 16.33 | 7.34 | 47.17 | | 12 10 | 3.19 | 2.47 | 16.46 | 7.24 | 48.60 | | 12 23 | | | | | | | 9 51 | 2.56 | +2.9 | 16.60 | 7.14 | 45.64 | | 13 10 | 7.56 | −2.4 | 13.66 | 6.84 | 37.79 | | 13 24 | 10.9 | 5.4 | 10.91 | 6.54 | 39.95 | | 14 10 | 12.26 | 6.28 | 9.44 | 6.40 | 45.24 | | 14 25 | 13.18 | 7.18 | 7.97 | 6.25 | 44.22 | | 15 10 | 13.10 | 7.18 | 7.97 | 6.25 | 43.02 | | 15 25 | 13.57 | 7.14 | 7.47 | 6.20 | 50.12 | | 16 10 | 12.81 | 7.03 | 6.97 | 6.15 | 39.82 | | 17 10 | 10.14 | 4.33 | 2.20 | 5.85 | 35.20 | | 17 25 | | | | | | | 827. | | | | | | | May 9 | 1.55 | +4.63 | 16.87 | 6.99 | 42.58 | | 2 23 | | | | | | | 9 2 43 | 1.30 | +4.62 | +16.87 | +6.99 | 38.68 | Mean ........................................... 95 1 42.09 Annual Variation ......................... 19.81 Mean P., January 1, 1828... 95 2 1.90 ### α Eridani | 1826 | Sidereal Time | Culmination by Clock by the Hour-angle | Error of Clock | Aberr. and Nutat. in arc. | Precess. to 1827 | Mean Right Ascension, Jan. 1, 1827, in Degrees | |------|---------------|---------------------------------------|---------------|--------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------------| | July 30 | 4 48 | 1 31 16.77 | -0.59 | -10.44 | +13.37 | 22 49 5.93 | | July 31 | 4 50 | ,, 16.72 | -0.31 | 11.09 | 13.17 | ,, ,, 8.23 | | Aug. 1 | 4 44 | ,, 16.88 | -0.20 | 11.64 | 13.09 | ,, ,, 11.65 | | 3 | 5 30 | ,, 15.78 | -0.06 | 12.76 | 13.04 | ,, 48 56.08 | | 4 | 5 17 | ,, 15.59 | +0.10 | 13.31 | 12.94 | ,, ,, 54.98 | | 10 | 5 36 | ,, 14.40 | +1.34 | 16.60 | 12.37 | ,, ,, 51.87 | | 11 | 4 52 | ,, 13.83 | +2.49 | 17.15 | 12.27 | ,, ,, 59.95 | | 19 | 5 21 | ,, 18.1 | -2.07 | 21.25 | 11.60 | ,, ,, 51.60 | | 20 | 5 30 | ,, 19.07 | -2.70 | 21.80 | 11.53 | ,, ,, 55.28 | | 25 | 5 17 | ,, 22.19 | -5.69 | 24.13 | 11.03 | ,, ,, 54.40 | | Sept. 2 | 5 27 | ,, 24.20 | -7.09 | 27.63 | 10.55 | ,, ,, 59.52 | | 4 | 5 19 | ,, 23.92 | -6.82 | 28.27 | 10.35 | ,, ,, 58.58 | | 5 | 5 29 | ,, 23.37 | -5.95 | 28.82 | 10.25 | ,, ,, 49 2.73 | | 6 | 5 25 | ,, 23.32 | -5.75 | 29.37 | 10.15 | ,, ,, 4.30 | | 13 | 5 32 | 1 31 21.00 | -3.21 | -31.68 | + 9.69 | ,, ,, 4.86 | Mean .......................................................... 22 48 59.33 Annual Variation ........................................... 33.43 Mean AR of α Eridani, January 1, 1828... 22 49 32.76 ### 2 α Centauri | 1826 | Sidereal Time | Culmination by Clock deduced from the Hour-angle | Error of Clock | Aberr. and Nutat. in arc. | Precess. to 1827 | Mean Right Ascension, Jan. 1, 1827, in Degrees | |------|---------------|-----------------------------------------------|---------------|--------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------------| | July 10 | 10 7 | 14 27 55.46 | +1.48 | -41.47 | 30.76 | 216 59 3.39 | | July 14 | 9 59 | ,, ,, 57.08 | -1.36 | 39.06 | 30.09 | ,, 58 46.83 | | 15 | 9 59 | ,, ,, 57.72 | -1.44 | 38.35 | 29.86 | ,, 58 55.71 | | 16 | 9 57 | ,, ,, 58.29 | -2.09 | 37.84 | 29.64 | ,, 58 54.80 | | 17 | 9 52 | ,, ,, 59.10 | -2.88 | 37.23 | 29.42 | ,, 58 55.49 | | 18 | 10 5 | ,, ,, 58.98 | -3.08 | 36.60 | 29.08 | ,, 58 50.48 | | 19 | 10 0 | ,, ,, 59.50 | -3.45 | 35.98 | 28.75 | ,, 58 53.52 | | 25 | 9 43 | ,, ,, 56.70 | -1.23 | 32.19 | 27.74 | ,, 58 47.61 | | 28 | 9 44 | ,, ,, 57.32 | -0.35 | 30.28 | 27.19 | ,, 59 11.46 | | 30 | 10 11 | ,, ,, 56.39 | -0.31 | 28.99 | 26.74 | ,, 58 58.95 | | 31 | 9 55 | ,, ,, 57.30 | -0.41 | 28.35 | 26.52 | ,, 59 11.52 | | Aug. 2 | 10 0 | ,, ,, 57.14 | -0.54 | 27.07 | 26.27 | ,, 59 8.2 | | 4 | 9 49 | ,, ,, 55.53 | -0.08 | 25.79 | 25.87 | ,, 59 6.83 | | 5 | 10 2 | ,, ,, 56.03 | +0.08 | 25.15 | 25.67 | ,, 59 2.17 | | 12 | 9 47 | ,, ,, 53.77 | +2.42 | 20.67 | 24.40 | ,, 59 6.58 | | 12 | 10 4 | ,, ,, 53.75 | +2.43 | 20.67 | 24.40 | ,, 59 6.43 | | 28 | 9 42 | ,, ,, 28 1.47 | -6.28 | 10.86 | 21.72 | ,, 58 58.71 | | 28 | 9 53 | ,, ,, 28 1.25 | -6.28 | 10.86 | 21.72 | ,, 58 55.41 | | Sept. 2 | 10 11 | ,, ,, 28 2.33 | -7.15 | -7.98 | 21.06 | ,, 59 0.78 | Mean ........................................................................ 216 58 59.73 Annual Variation .................................................. 1 6.856 Mean AR of 2 α Centauri, January 1, 1828... 217 0 6.586 ### 2. Equal Altitudes. The object of these observations was the determination of the right ascensions of some of the principal stars of the southern hemisphere that are circumpolar at Paramatta, by a direct comparison with the sun, independent of the transit and of the solar tables. This comparison was made by deducing the superior and inferior culminations of the stars from a series of equal altitudes, which was kept on without interruption for the space of a month about the time of the Equinox; and by deducing the true noon and midnight on the same days from equal altitudes of the sun, whereof the evening set was again connected with the morning set. This gave the difference of right ascensions between the sun and stars. The distance of the sun from the Equinox is finally derived from the observed declination of the sun on those days. For the observations of the equal altitudes of the stars I made use of the repeating circle. The level was during the whole month kept invariably in the same position towards the division of the great circle, which by means of the level was maintained in the same position to the horizon. Thus the equal altitudes of any number of stars could be observed together with their superior and inferior culminations. In order to derive some benefit from one set of altitudes in case that clouds should prevent the corresponding one, I had determined the point of the division answering to the zenith in the manner described in page 7; so that each observation could be reduced to the culmination by means of the hour-angle; and in that view I had also constructed a table of the hour-angles for every five minutes of altitude, corrected for the refraction answering to the mean height of the barometer and thermometer during that period, separately for the morning and evening set. These observations having been also chiefly made in the day-time, it was expedient to be provided with a table for finding the stars more readily. Suppose $\phi$ the colatitude, $\delta$ the polar distance, $\tau$ and $t$ the hour-angles, $z$ and $\xi$ zenith distances, $Z$ the meridional zenith distance, $D$ the difference of altitudes, $A$ difference of azimuths, $x = \frac{1}{2} (\tau - t)$ half difference of hour-angles, and $N$ an auxiliary angle: then is $$\cot \phi \tan \delta = \cos t,$$ $$\cos \phi \sec \delta = \cos \xi,$$ $$\cos \phi \sin \delta = \sin \text{azimuth};$$ and $$\sin x \sin \delta = \sin \frac{1}{2} D,$$ $$\sin A = \frac{2 \sin \delta \sin x \sin N}{\sin (\xi + D)}$$ where $\tan N = \cos \delta \tan x.$ With $D$ and $A$ by simple addition or subtraction a table of altitudes and azimuths may be constructed for every five minutes of the hour-angle. Stars observed on one side of the meridian become often visible on the other side, only at a greater distance from it; so that it is sometimes necessary to combine unequal altitudes, which is not difficult with stars, if the same differences of altitudes are observed on each side. The formula $$\sin x = \frac{\sin \frac{1}{2} D}{\sin \phi \text{in azimuth}}$$ serves to reduce these observations. $x$ is the quantity to be applied to the middle time to reduce it to the time of culmi- nation. D is here the difference between the eastern and western altitudes combined together; so that \( \frac{\sin \frac{1}{2} D}{\sin \phi} \) is a constant factor: and a table of the reductions \( x \) may be constructed with the sole entry of the half interval, whereof the azimuth is a function, and given opposite to it in the table of azimuths and altitudes; for hour-angle and half interval are here equivalent. A formula expressed in terms of the half interval only, would probably be rather complicate. This formula results from \( \sin x = \frac{\sin \frac{1}{2} (\xi - z) \sin \frac{1}{2} (\xi + z)}{\sin \frac{1}{2} (\tau + t) \sin \phi \sin \delta} \), which serves in general to find the change in time corresponding to that of altitude, and reciprocally; if we suppose \( \tau = 0 \), this formula becomes the well-known one for finding the hour-angle. \[ \sin \frac{1}{2} t = \sqrt{\frac{\sin \frac{1}{2} (Z + z) \sin \frac{1}{2} (Z - z)}{\sin \phi \sin \delta}} \] used when no corresponding altitudes can be had. But by combined altitudes the effects of any unknown error of the instrument are avoided. 2 \( x \) applied to the times on either side of the meridian reduces the combined altitudes to equal altitudes. Method of finding the Sun's Distance from the Equinox. Suppose \( \alpha \) and \( \alpha' \) the sun's distance upon the equator from the equinox corresponding to the declinations \( \delta \) and \( \delta' \) observed with the mural circle, then by the known formula for finding the equinoctial point, \[ \tan \frac{1}{2} (\alpha - \alpha') = \tan \frac{1}{2} (\alpha + \alpha') \frac{\sin (\delta - \delta')}{\sin (\delta + \delta')} \] is the obliquity of the ecliptic eliminated. But this is no advantage, as the obliquity is better known than the declination. Suppose \( x \) the increase of \( AR \) corresponding to an increase \( a \) of declination, and \( x' \) the increase of \( AR \) corresponding to an increase \( a' \) of the obliquity \( \omega \), then is \[ x = \frac{a \cot \omega}{\cos AR} \quad \text{and} \quad x' = \frac{a' \tan AR}{\tan \omega} \quad \text{if the } AR \text{ is not too near } 90^\circ \text{ or } 270^\circ.* \] * Demonstration: \[ \tan (\delta + a) \cot \omega = \sin (\alpha + x) \] \[ \cot \omega \left\{ \frac{\tan \delta + \tan a}{1 + \tan \delta \cdot \tan a} \right\} = \sin \alpha \cos x + \cos \alpha \sin x \] but \( \tan \delta \tan a = 0 \) and \( \cos x = 1 \) therefore \( \cot \omega \tan \delta + \cot \omega \tan a = \sin \alpha + \cos \alpha \sin x \) subtract \( \cot \omega \tan \delta \ldots \ldots \ldots = \sin \alpha \) remains \( \cot \omega \tan a = \cos \alpha \sin x \). The other formula can be demonstrated in a similar manner. Hence the following Tables may be constructed: | Argument Right Ascension | 0° | 2° | 3° | 4° | 5° | 6° | 7° | 8° | 9° | 10° | |--------------------------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|-----| | Cor. of \( \alpha \) for 1" increase of Declination | 2".304 | 2".305 | 2".307 | 2".308 | 2".313 | 2".317 | 2".322 | 2".328 | 2".332 | 2".340 | | Argument Right Ascension | 1° | 2° | 3° | 4° | 5° | 6° | 7° | 8° | 9° | 10° | |--------------------------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|-----| | Cor. of \( \alpha \) for 1" increase of Obliquity | 0".04 | 0".08 | 0".101 | 0".161 | 0".202 | 0".242 | 0".282 | 0".324 | 0".365 | 0".406 | So that considering how small the influence upon the right ascension is of an error that could possibly exist in an element, such as the obliquity, long established by innumerable observations, whilst every declination stands by itself with all the errors to which one single observation is liable, we need not hesitate to adopt the obliquity as known, and by using the formula \[ 2 \sin \frac{1}{2} (\alpha - \alpha') = \frac{\sin (\delta - \delta') \cot \omega}{\cos \delta \cdot \cos \delta' \cos \frac{1}{2} (\alpha + \alpha')} \] we shall have the advantage of introducing one well-known part \( \omega \) in the room of the uncertain divisor \( \sin (\delta + \delta') \) wherein the errors of observation are doubled. Cos \( \delta \cdot \cos \delta' \) is nearly \(= 1\). The errors of so small an angle as \( \delta \) is near the equinox, utterly disappear in the cosine; and \( \alpha \pm \alpha' \) is sufficiently well known, as we shall see presently: but I have preferred the following method. Besides \( \delta \) and \( \omega \), whereby \( \alpha \) is already determined according to the formula \( \sin \alpha = \tan \delta \cot \omega \), there is also given \( \alpha + \alpha' \); and as this can be ascertained with great precision, I have made use thereof in the following manner to correct the former. By deducing the errors of the clock, from a comparison of the culminations of the principal fixed stars near the equator with their known right ascensions, and applying these errors to the transits of the sun, we obtain the sun's right ascensions at the time of his passing the middle wire, as near as the places of the fixed stars can be depended on; but the differences of these right ascensions \( \alpha \pm \alpha' \), which is all that we require, are correct to all intents, and independent of a small deviation of the transit, as well as any constant error in the places of the fixed stars. At the same time, for confirmation, \( \alpha \pm \alpha' \) may be deduced from the Nautical Almanac, which only supposes the sun's motion during the interval correctly known. Thus by the united means of the transit and Nautical Almanac, we shall have \( \alpha \pm \alpha' \) given independently of the mural circle. Allowing now that the polar point of the mural circle is well established by superior and inferior culminations of circumpolar stars, as well as by observations of the principal zodiacal stars, and that by observing alternately the upper and lower limb of the sun any vicious habit in observing is obviated, I designate with $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$, &c. the respective errors in seconds committed in the observations of the different declinations, $x$ being as above the effect upon the right ascensions arising from an error of one second in declination, which during the equinox is a constant quantity of $2''.31$. I find then $\alpha \pm \alpha'$ by the formula $\sin \alpha = \cot \omega \tan \delta$ and $\sin \alpha' = \cot \omega \tan \delta'$, and call $m$, $n$, $o$, $p$, &c. the differences between $\alpha \pm \alpha'$ thus calculated from the mural circle, and that known from observation with the transit and Nautical Almanac as above; then is $$x(a + b) = m$$ $$x(a + c) = n$$ $$x(a + d) = o$$ $$x\{(N - 2)a + a + b + c + d + \ldots\} = m + n + o + p + \ldots$$ $N$ being the number of observations; or if these are not all brought in account, then is $N - 1$ the number of equations used. But if no constant error exists in the observations with the mural circle, then is $a + b + c + d + = 0$, and $a x = \frac{m + n + o + p + \ldots}{N - 2}$, $a x$ being the required correction of the sun's distance from the equinox. Thus each distance from the equinox found by the formula $\sin \alpha = \tan \delta$ cot $\omega$ is successively corrected by a comparison with their observed sums or differences. I shall omit here the particulars, which are long and tedious, and simply give a short abstract of the results. During the equinox of September 1827, the following observations were made for determining the right ascensions of $\beta$ Crucis* and $2 \alpha$ Centauri. * I have preferred $\beta$ Crucis to $\alpha$ Crucis, which latter star also culminated with the sun during this equinox. But $\alpha$ Crucis consists of two stars of equal magnitude, as near to each other as those of Castor, which I feared might occasion inaccuracies in the observations with the small power of the telescope of the repeating circle. Abstract of the Equal Altitudes and Comparisons with the Transit. | Year | Sidereal Clock at Apparent Noon by Equal Altitudes of the Sun | Transit more or less | Culmination of β Crucis by Clock | Observed Difference of Right Ascension between Sun and β Crucis Mean Place by Equal Altitudes for Noon and Midnight in Degrees | |------|-------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | Culmination of 2 α Centauri by Clock | Observed Difference of Right Ascension between Sun and 2 α Centauri Mean Place for Noon and Midnight by Equal Altitude in arc. | | 1827 | | | Culmination of β Crucis by Clock | Observed Difference of Right Ascension between Sun and β Crucis Mean Place by Equal Altitudes for Noon and Midnight in Degrees | | | | | Culmination of 2 α Centauri by Clock | Observed Difference of Right Ascension between Sun and 2 α Centauri Mean Place for Noon and Midnight by Equal Altitude in arc. | From the 31st of August to the 4th of September, the rate of the clock was absolutely = 0, so that I have made use of the mean of the equal altitudes observed during that period. ### Observed Declinations and Distances of the Sun from the Equinox. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Sun's Observed South Polar Distance | Bessel's Refraction | Semidiameter | Sun's True Declination by Observation | Sun's Dist. from Equinox deduced from the Obs. | |------|--------|--------|-------------------------------------|--------------------|-------------|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------| | 1827 | | | | | | | | | Sept. | | | | | | | | | 10 | 29.836 | 60 | 68 | 95 2 2.35 | 5.25 | 44.86 | 15 55.25 | | | | | | | | | 5 18 37.21 | | | | | | | | | | | 11 | 29.75 | 59 | 69.5 | 94 39 14.97 | 5.23 | 43.94 | 55.50 | | | | | | | | | 4 55 49.18 | | | | | | | | | | | 12 | 29.485 | 66 | 82 | 94 16 30.70 | 5.20 | 41.90 | 55.65 | | | | | | | | | 4 33 3.05 | | | | | | | | | | | 13 | 29.73 | 60 | 68 | 93 53 36.2 | 5.17 | 42.89 | 56.00 | | | | | | | | | 4 10 9.92 | | | | | | | | | | | 14 | 29.85 | 58.3 | 62 | 94 2 30.22 | 5.18 | 43.82 | 56.20 | | | | | | | | | 3 47 12.66 | | | | | | | | | | | 15 | 29.904 | 58 | 61.3 | 93 7 30.12 | 5.09 | 42.55 | 56.5 | | | | | | | | | 3 24 4.08 | | | | | | | | | | | 16 | 29.964 | 55.5 | 63 | 93 16 25.42 | 5.09 | 42.66 | 56.8 | | | | | | | | | 3 1 6.19 | | | | | | | | | | | 19 | 30.140 | 57 | 66.5 | 91 34 45.05 | 4.89 | 40.11 | 57.57 | | | | | | | | | 1 51 27.84 | | | | | | | | | | | 20 | 30.064 | 59.5 | 68 | 91 43 26.7 | 4.9 | 40.03 | 57.83 | | | | | | | | | 1 28 4.00 | | | | | | | | | | | 21 | 29.774 | 58 | 78 | 90 48 12.4 | 4.79 | 37.61 | 58.10 | | | | | | | | | 1 4 43.32 | | | | | | | | | | | 23 | 29.864 | 60.5 | 56.7 | 90 1 21.57 | 4.71 | 37.52 | 58.6 | | | | | | | | | 0 17 52.98 | | | | | | | | | | | 24 | 29.642 | 55 | 68 | 90 0 4.6 | 4.72 | 37.27 | 58.87 | | | | | | | | | 0 5 21.72 | | | | | | | | | | | 25 | 29.724 | 56 | 68.6 | 89 14 36.47 | 4.59 | 36.08 | 59.17 | | | | | | | | | 0 28 52.87 | | | | | | | | | | | 26 | 29.992 | 58 | 69.2 | 89 23 13.32 | 4.62 | 36.57 | 59.44 | | | | | | | | | 0 52 14.17 | | | | | | | | | | | 27 | 30.065 | 57 | 69.5 | 88 59 42.45 | 4.57 | 36.04 | 59.70 | | | | | | | | | 1 15 45.78 | | | | | | | | | | | 29 | 29.978 | 55 | 65 | 87 40 57.4 | 4.41 | 34.50 | 16 0.33 | | | | | | | | | 2 2 32.18 | | | | | | | | | | | 30 | 30.170 | 57 | 63.5 | 87 17 28.7 | 4.35 | 34.29 | 0.6 | | | | | | | | | 2 26 0.76 | | | | | | | | | | | Oct. | 130.034| 55 | 61 | 87 26 14.39 | 4.38 | 34.52 | 0.87 | | | | | | | | | 2 49 16.34 | | | 30.14 | 56 | 60.5 | 87 2 50.2 | 4.35 | 34.48 | 1.13 | | | | | | | | | 3 12 41.14 | | | | | | | | | | ### Right Ascensions of β Crucis and 2 α Centauri. | Year | Sun's Corrected Distance from Equinox | Diff. of R between Sun's True and β Crucis Mean Place, Sept. 23 | β Crucis Mean R, Sept. 23, 1827 | Diff. R between Sun's True and 2 α Centauri Mean Place, Sept. 23 | 2 α Centauri Mean R, September 23, 1827 | |------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------| | Aug. | 31 | 21 24 21.3 | 30 50 18.0 | 189 25 56.7 | 216 59 35.46 | | Sept.| 1 | 20 30 9 | 29 55 41.05 | 32.05 | 45.40 | | | 2 | 19 35 37.1 | 29 1 23.46 | 46.6 | 54.1 | | | 3 | 18 41 5.2 | 28 6 51.82 | 38.5 | 37.5 | | | 4 | 17 46 51.3 | 27 12 45.45 | 36.7 | 36.7 | | | 10 | | 21 47 40.69 | | 33.09 | | | 11 | | 20 53 51.2 | | 33.09 | | Mid. | 11 | | 20 26 40.35 | | 33.09 | | | 12 | | 10 34 10 | | 33.09 | | | 13 | | 9 40 12.5 | | 33.09 | | | 14 | | 8 46 24.7 | | 33.09 | | | 15 | | 7 52 30.1 | | 33.09 | | | 16 | | 6 58 34.8 | | 33.09 | | | 17 | | 5 57 10.57 | | 33.09 | | | 19 | | 4 16 59.0 | | 33.09 | | | 19 | | 3 15 56.8 | | 33.09 | | | 20 | | 2 48 57.9 | | 33.09 | | | 21 | | 2 21 55.3 | | 33.09 | | | 21 | | 2 49 14.9 | | 33.09 | | | 23 | | 0 41 22.7 | | 33.09 | | | 23 | | 9 40 2.6 | | 33.09 | | | 24 | | 0 12 33.95 | | 33.09 | | | 24 | | 9 13 12.2 | | 33.09 | | | 25 | | 8 46 17.83 | | 33.09 | | | 25 | | 1 6 39.3 | | 33.09 | | | 26 | | 7 52 19.42 | | 33.09 | | | 26 | | 7 25 20.9 | | 33.09 | Means: 189 25 46.514 Precession to Jan. 1, 1828: 13.855 Solar nutation: 0.705 Mean R, Jan. 1, 1828, of β Crucis: 189 26 1.074 2 α Centauri: 216 59 59.674 Equinox, March 1828, Containing Observations for determining the Right Ascensions of $\beta$ Hydri and $\alpha$ Eridani. | 1828 | Sun's Observed South Pol. Dist. | Barom. | Ther. | Limb | Refract. Parall. | Semidiameter. | Sun's True Declination. | Distance from Equinox. | Sun's Apparent Right Ascen. | Sun's Culminat. by Equal Alt. | Clock Fast. | |------|---------------------------------|--------|-------|------|------------------|---------------|-------------------------|------------------------|-----------------------------|-------------------------------|------------| | Mar. | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | $84^\circ 10' 12.05''$ | 29.51 | 80 | U | 24.53 | 16' 8.7'' | 6° 5' 31.7'' S. | 14° 14' 14'' | 23° 3' 3.07'' | h m s | | | 6 | $84^\circ 33' 14.35''$ | 29.52 | 75 | L | 25.20 | 8.4' 542 28.9'' S.| 13° 18' 58'' | " 6 44.1'' | 23° 10' 45.51'' | h m s | 20.04 | | 7 | $84^\circ 24' 8.9''$ | 29.77 | 73 | U | 25.39 | 8.0' 5 19 17.7'' S.| 12° 23' 39'' | " 10 25.4'' | 23° 10' 45.51'' | h m s | 20.04 | | 8 | $85^\circ 19' 41.8''$ | 29.90 | 77 | L | 26.37 | 7.8' 4 55 59.6'' S.| 11° 28' 21'' | " 14 6.6'' | 14° 26.46'' | h m s | 19.80 | | 11 | $85^\circ 57' 43.4''$ | 29.73 | 84 | U | 26.46 | 7.1' 3 45 43.0'' S.| 8° 42' 52.5'' | " 25 8.57'' | 25° 26.92'' | h m s | 18.35 | The mean inside Temperature was 75°. For those days when equal altitudes but no declinations of the sun were observed, the error of the clock has been derived from the Solar Tables. In the present observations no corrections have been applied to the sun's distances from the equinox derived from the observed declinations; and in the last equinox this correction did not amount to one second in arc upon the mean of the right ascensions. ### Mean Right Ascensions #### β Hydri | Year | Super. and Inferior Culminations of β Hydri by Equal Alt. | Apparent Right Ascension | Redn to M° Place, Jan. 1, 1828, in Time | Mean R, Jan. 1, 1828, in Time | |------|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------------------------|-------------------------------| | Mar. | | | | | | 7 | 0 16 48.89 | 0 16 28.85 +7.37 | 0 16 36.22 | | | 8 | 0 16 47.88 | 28.08 | 7.39 | 35.47 | | 9 | 12 16 45.21 | 25.61 | 7.39 | 33.00 | | 10 | 12 16 45.85 | 27.25 | 7.43 | 34.68 | | 11 | 0 16 43.73 | 25.38 | 7.45 | 32.83 | | 12 | 0 16 42.6 | 24.65 | 7.462 | 32.11 | | 13 | 0 16 43.67 | 25.60 | 7.48 | 33.08 | | 14 | 12 16 42.02 | 24.15 | 7.487 | 31.64 | | 15 | 0 16 41.85 | 24.55 | 7.495 | 32.04 | | 16 | 12 16 40.68 | 24.93 | 7.527 | 32.46 | | 17 | 12 16 41.54 | 26.93 | 7.559 | 34.49 | | 18 | 0 16 39.69 | 25.01 | 7.534 | 32.54 | | 19 | 0 16 39.86 | 26.67 | 7.510 | 34.18 | | 20 | 12 16 40.29 | 27.13 | 7.496 | 34.63 | | 21 | 0 16 41.11 | 28.31 | 7.49 | 35.8 | | Apr. | | | | | | 1 | 12 16 40.16 | 28.51 | 7.483 | 35.99 | | 2 | 0 16 42.12 | 25.93 | 7.47 | 33.40 | | 3 | 12 16 40.71 | 27.89 | 7.463 | 35.35 | | 4 | 0 16 39.44 | 27.36 | 7.456 | 34.82 | | 5 | 12 16 40.41 | 26.22 | 7.445 | 33.66 | | 6 | 0 16 41.64 | 27.51 | 7.435 | 34.95 | | 7 | 0 16 41.22 | 28.94 | 7.424 | 36.36 | | 8 | 0 16 40.3 | 29.03 | 7.414 | 36.44 | | 9 | 0 16 41.92 | 26.66 | 7.315 | 33.97 | | 10 | 12 16 41.44 | 26.32 | 7.286 | 33.61 | | 11 | 0 16 41.59 | 26.60 | 7.273 | 33.87 | | 12 | 0 16 41.10 | 26.38 | 7.259 | 33.64 | | | | | | | #### α Eridani | Year | Super. and Inferior Culminations of α Eridani by Equal Alt. | Apparent Right Ascension | Redn to M° Place, Jan. 1, 1828, in Time | Mean R, Jan. 1, 1828, in Time | |------|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------------------------|-------------------------------| | Mar. | | | | | | 21 | 1 31 26.32 | 1 31 14.02 +2.115 | 1 31 16.135 | | | 30 | 1 31 28.89 | 15.705 | 2.205 | 17.91 | | Apr. | | | | | | 1 | 1 31 29.06 | 16.46 | 2.212 | 18.673 | | 2 | 13 31 29.25 | 15.84 | 2.215 | 18.055 | | 3 | 1 31 29.04 | 14.81 | 2.219 | 17.029 | | 4 | 13 31 28.11 | 14.39 | 2.226 | 16.616 | | 5 | 1 31 28.05 | 14.83 | 2.233 | 17.063 | | 6 | 1 31 28.57 | 16.38 | 2.241 | 18.621 | | 7 | 1 31 29.79 | 15.68 | 2.25 | 17.93 | | 8 | 1 31 29.81 | 14.55 | 2.25 | 16.80 | | 9 | 13 31 29.55 | 14.42 | 2.25 | 16.676 | | 10 | 1 31 29.06 | 14.07 | 2.247 | 16.317 | | 11 | 13 31 29.54 | 14.69 | 2.247 | 16.937 | | 12 | 1 31 29.96 | 15.24 | 2.247 | 17.487 | | | | | | | Mean Right Ascension, Jan.1, 1828, α Eridani: 1 31 17.484 Mean Right Ascension, Jan.1, 1828, β Hydri: 0 16 34.04 Before the conjunction the superior culminations take place immediately after noon of the given, but after conjunction immediately before noon of the next following day; but in the above Table they have been reduced to, and placed opposite to the days nearest the noon whereon they had been observed. I remark again that my object in observing equal altitudes was to have a check upon the transit, by a method independent of the errors arising from imperfections of the latter instrument, which were the more dangerous as, inclining all towards the same side, their apparent consistency made it difficult to discover their cause, and to subject them to mathematical laws, which we shall endeavour to do hereafter. Although observations of equal altitudes will deviate more on each side of their mean, this mean may be nearer the truth than that of the transit observations: it must be recollected at the same time that $\beta$ Hydri is within $12^\circ$ of the Pole, and all the other stars are circumpolar with the exception of Canopus. Besides the times of the equinoxes, equal altitudes of various stars were observed during their conjunction and opposition with the sun, and thus the right ascensions of the following stars have been established. | Stars | Mean RA beginning of 1828 | Annual Variat. | Number of Observations* | |----------------|---------------------------|----------------|-------------------------| | $\beta$ Hydri | $^{\circ}4'8''30.6$ | $^{\prime\prime}39.09$ | 27 Set of equal Altitudes | | $\alpha$ Eridani | $22^{\circ}49'26.13$ | $^{\prime\prime}33.428$ | 31 | | Canopus | $95^{\circ}2'1.9$ | $^{\prime\prime}19.81$ | 22 | | $\beta$ Argus | $137^{\circ}48'59.36$ | $^{\prime\prime}10.908$ | 13 | | $\beta$ Crucis | $189^{\circ}26'1.3$ | $^{\prime\prime}51.296$ | 30 | | $\alpha$ Centau.| $217^{\circ}0'2.8$ | $^{\prime\prime}66.856$ | 20 | Each set of equal altitudes comprehends from 20 to 50 observations on each side of the meridian. A set of absolute altitudes has been counted for half a set of equal altitudes. The above stars in their upper and lower culminations, form in different parts of the meridian so many meridian marks established without the assistance of the transit: thus it is not likely that the optical axis of this instrument could pass on the same day at the precise time through each of them, unless the plane in which it moves be that of the meridian. South Polar Distances of Circumpolar Stars deduced from their Superior and Inferior Culminations observed at Paramatta. The refractions and reductions for aberration, nutation and precession to the mean places in the beginning of 1828, have been computed for each observation separately, and their mean has been applied to the mean of the microscopes for upper and lower culminations. The half difference between the two thus corrected, gives the mean south polar distance for January 1, 1828. The half sum is the polar point, which will serve hereafter for the reduction of the remainder of the stars. * In determinations of positions of stars or of geographical places, the number and quality of observations upon which they are founded should always be stated, in order that their due weight may be attached to them in comparisons with succeeding observations. ### o Octantis. (Ann. Var. + 19''.967.) #### Superior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | 1826 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | | | June 23 | inches. | 29.85 | 37 | 1 22 52 | 22 50 | 22 52 | 22 57.2 | 1 26.33 | 4.19 | | 26 | 30.14 | 29 | ,, 22 56.7 | 22 54 | 22 58 | 23 1.4 | ,, 28.52 | 4.05 | | 27 | 30.22 | 30 | ,, 23 2.3 | 23 0 | 23 4 | 23 8.7 | ,, 28.57 | 3.98 | | 28 | 30.15 | 33 | ,, 22 53 | 22 50 | 22 55 | 22 57.5 | ,, 27.87 | 3.94 | | 30 | 30.14 | 34 | ,, 22 56.1| 22 55.7| 23 3.6| 23 3.0 | ,, 27.67 | 3.88 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | 1826 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | | | June 23 | inches. | 30.03 | 44 | 0 1 22.4 | 1 17.2 | 1 28.3 | 1 30.5 | 1 30.1 | 4.19 | | 27 | 30.16 | 41.5 | ,, 1 26.7 | ,, 28.5 | ,, 33.5 | ,, 38.6 | ,, 30.9 | 3.98 | | 28 | 30.21 | 43 | ,, 1 29.0 | ,, 28.7 | ,, 36 | ,, 36.7 | ,, 30.8 | 3.94 | | July 1 | 29.98 | 48 | ,, 1 32.7 | ,, 29.0 | ,, 34.0 | ,, 35 | ,, 29.2 | 2.84 | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes - Superior Culminat.: 0° 40' 48''.46 by 9 Observ. - Inferior Culminat.: 0° 40' 51''.94 by 7 Observ. #### Mean S. P. D. of o Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 - 0° 40' 50''.11 by 19 Observ. MDCCCXXIX. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **σ Octantis.** (Ann. Var. — 5".739.) The South Polar Star. #### Superior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | 1827 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | | | Aug. 30 | 29.70 | 63 | 1° 14.00 16.3 1 28 1 24.1 1 21.23 11.94 | | | | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 9.3 | 1 9.3 | 1 9.3 | 1 9.3 | | | Superior Culminat. | 1 0 4.7 | 0 7.0 | 0 18.7 | 0 14.8 | | | Inferior Culminat... | 359 29 39.3 | 29 46.5 | 29 52.0 | 29 50.6 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 0 45 12.7 | 45 10.25 | 45 13.85 | 45 12.1 | | #### Inferior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | 1827 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | | | Aug. 28 | ....... | 50.5 | 359 31 22 31 25 31 32.2 31 35.5 | 1 29.09 | 11.99 | | Sept. 13 | 29.83 | 41.4 | 359 31 18.8 | 32.5 | 31 36.3 | 31 30.0 | 1 30.21 | 11.25 | | Aug. 30 | Mean... | 359 31 21.3 | 31 28.5 | 31 34.0 | 31 32.6 | 1 30.23 | 11.73 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 42.0 | 1 42.0 | 1 42.0 | 1 42.0 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 359 29 39.3 | 29 46.5 | 29 52.0 | 29 50.6 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes ................. 0° 45' 12" by 4 Observ. --- ### 1828. #### Superior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | Aug. 29 | 30.10 | 61.3 | 0° 59 45 59 45.5 59 49 59 51.5 1 22.71 15.38 | | | | 30 | 30.24 | 64.7 | " 53.6 " 52 " 56.7 " 22.52 " 36 | | | | 31 | 30.30 | 58.2 | " 51.5 " 44 " 49.6 " 23.80 " 34 | | | | Sept. 1 | 30.20 | 70 | " 46.0 " 43 " 51.5 " 53.7 " 21.52 " 31 | | | | 2 | 30.15 | 67 | " 44.2 " 43.2 " 50.0 " 21.88 " 28 | | | | Aug. 31 | Mean... | 0 59 48.1 | 59 43.7 59 50.4 | 59 54 | 1 22.48 | 15.33 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 7.1 | 1 7.2 | 1 7.1 | 1 7.2 | | | Superior Culminat. | 0 58 41.0 | 58 36.5 | 58 43.3 | 58 46.8 | | | Inferior Culminat... | 359 28 12.9 | 28 17.3 | 28 17.6 | 28 20.5 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 0 45 14.05 | 45 9.6 | 45 12.8 | 45 13.2 | | #### Inferior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | Sept. 2 | 30.15 | 62 | 359 30 2 30 3.7 30 7 30 8 | 1 31.06 | 15.28 | | 3 | 29.85 | 51 | " 29 56 30 1.0 30 3.5 " 5.7 | " 28.55 | 15.26 | | 7 | 29.62 | 54.5 | " 29 53.3 29 58 29 58 | " 1.5 | " 27.24 | 15.06 | | 8 | 29.91 | 41.5 | " 29 58.0 30 1 30 1.2 " 6.8 | " 30.40 | 15.00 | | 9 | 29.80 | 45 | " 29 57.5 30 0 30 0.5 " 5.0 | " 29.48 | 14.93 | | 11 | 30.20 | 36 | " 30 0.0 30 5 30 5 | " 32.29 | 14.79 | | Sept. 6 | Mean... | 359 29 57.8 | 30 2.2 | 30 2.5 | 30 5.45 | 1 29.84 | 15.05 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 44.9 | 1 44.9 | 1 44.9 | 1 44.9 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 359 28 12.9 | 28 17.3 | 28 17.6 | 28 20.5 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes .................. 4° 45' 12".41 by 11 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of σ Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . = 0° 45' 12".32 by 15 Observ. --- ### τ Octantis. (Ann. Var. + 19".293.) #### Superior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | June 9 | 29.95 | 58 | 2° 16 40.8 16 42 16 49.2 16 48.9 | 1 20.29 | 2.72 | | 10 | 30.03 | 35 | " 43 " 36.3 " 46.1 " 53.1 | 24.29 | 2.69 | | 13 | 30.20 | 32 | " 40.2 " 41.0 " 52 " 55.5 | 25.25 | 2.61 | | 17 | 29.85 | 45 | " 44.5 " 48.7 " 50.0 " 55.3 | 22.46 | 2.64 | | 18 | 30.09 | 31.5 | " 44.2 " 50.0 " 53.7 " 5.5 | 25.05 | 2.62 | | 19 | 30.05 | 41 | " 55.0 " 51.5 " 17.1 " 4.1 | 23.37 | 2.61 | | June 13 | Mean... | 2 16 44.6 | 16 44.9 | 16 52.9 | 16 56.2 | 1 23.45 | 2.65 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 20.8 | 1 20.8 | 1 20.8 | 1 20.8 | | | Superior Culminat. | 2 15 23.8 | 15 24.1 | 15 32.1 | 15 35.4 | | | Inferior Culminat... | 359 6 0.8 | 6 1.3 | 6 7.4 | 6 6.0 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 1 34 41.5 | 34 41.4 | 34 42.3 | 34 44.7 | | #### Inferior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | June 8 | 29.89 | 53 | 359 7 33 7 34.7 7 36.5 | 7 42.0 | 1 31.33 | 2.76 | | 9 | 29.92 | 51 | " 35 " 32.1 " 42.6 " 37.0 | " 31.80 | 2.72 | | 10 | 30.03 | 51 | " 37 " 31.7 " 44.7 " 42.0 | " 32.13 | 2.69 | | 11 | 30.09 | 48 | " 35 " 36.5 " 43.0 " 41.2 | " 32.86 | 2.66 | | 12 | 30.15 | 48 | " 32 " 37.0 " 39.0 " 41.4 | " 33.05 | 2.64 | | 13 | 30.22 | 55 | " 38 " 36.1 " 45.1 " 39.1 | " 31.98 | 2.61 | | 14 | 30.18 | 44 | " 36.5 " 42.7 " 43.7 " 41.2 | " 33.86 | 2.59 | | 19 | 29.99 | 51 | " 40.0 " 42.5 " 45.0 | " 32.0 | 2.61 | | June 12 | Mean... | 359 7 35.8 | 7 36.4 | 7 42.4 | 7 41.1 | 1 32.38 | 2.66 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 35.0 | 1 35.1 | 1 35.0 | 1 35.1 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 359 6 0.8 | 6 1.3 | 6 7.4 | 6 6.0 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes .................. 1° 34' 41".47 by 14 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |----------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | May 27 | 30.15 | 49 | I 51 8 | 51 14.3 | 51 25 | 51 21.0 | 1 22.34 | 14.98 | | June 1 | 30.27 | 40.3 | ,, 51 8.2 | ,, 17.3 | ,, 24.3 | ,, 23.5 | ,, 24.12 | 15.40 | | | 2 30.17 | 40 | ,, 51 13.8 | ,, 17.0 | ,, 26.2 | ,, 22.8 | ,, 23.87 | 15.42 | | | 4 30.14 | 56 | ,, 50 58.5 | ,, 3.5 | ,, 12.5 | ,, 12.0 | ,, 21.12 | 15.65 | | | 7 30.11 | 47 | ,, 51 7.0 | ,, 9.7 | ,, 19.2 | ,, 30.5 | ,, 22.57 | 15.73 | | | 13 29.85 | 40 | ,, 51 15.1 | ,, 22.4 | ,, 27.0 | ,, 29.3 | ,, 23.03 | 15.94 | | July 12 | 30.02 | 44 | ,, 51 13.0 | ,, 17.5 | ,, 22.2 | ,, 23.0 | ,, 22.8 | 14.20 | ### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | Refr. | Red. | |----------|--------|--------|-------------|-------|------| | May 24 | 30.12 | 60 | 358 41 21 | 41 34 | 41 42 | 41 37.5 | 1 30.44 | 14.56 | | | 25 30.07 | 58 | ,, 24.5 | ,, 29.5 | ,, 36.7 | ,, 30.83 | 14.66 | | | 27 30.122 | 56 | ,, 24 | ,, 30.0 | ,, 33.7 | ,, 31.35 | 14.98 | | June 2 | 30.204 | 55 | ,, 25 | ,, 31.0 | ,, 36.1 | ,, 30.56 | 15.42 | | | 8 30.122 | 57 | ,, 21 | ,, 28.5 | ,, 40.3 | ,, 31.17 | 15.89 | | | 14 29.79 | 52 | ,, 27.5 | ,, 33.0 | ,, 45.0 | ,, 31.10 | 15.93 | ### Mean of 4 Microscopes - **Superior Culmination**: 1° 34' 40" by 13 Observ. - **Inferior Culmination**: 1° 34' 41" by 31 Observ. ### Mean S. P. D. of τ Octantis - **January 1, 1828**: 1° 34' 41" by 58 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS #### 34 Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 3''.8409.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** Barom. | **1822.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | Refr. | Red. + | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | Refr. | Red. + | | Sept. 10 | inches. | 29.55 | 52 | 40 | 19 | 58.4 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 4.5 | 20 | 1.5 | 17.83 | 5.52 | | 11 | inches. | 29.81 | 53 | " | " | 12.8 | 9.7 | 3.6 | " | 18.37 | 5.52 | | 12 | inches. | 30.00 | 53.5 | " | " | 14.8 | 3.3 | 0.0 | " | 18.79 | 5.52 | | Sept. 11 | inches. | 29.95 | 39.8 | 35 | 34 | 37 | 33 | 51 | 34 | 50.1 | 34 | 34.2 | 136.8 | 5.52 | | Mean ... | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 | 12.8 | 1 | 12.8 | 1 | 12.8 | | Superior Culminat... | 40 | 18 | 45.0 | 18 | 2.4 | 18 | 53.0 | 18 | 48.9 | | Inferior Culminat... | 35 | 32 | 54.7 | 32 | 8.7 | 33 | 7.8 | 32 | 51.9 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 2 | 22 | 55.35 | 22 | 56.8 | 22 | 52.2 | 22 | 58.5 | Mean S. P. D. 34 Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828. . . . 2° 22' 55''.65 by 4 Observ. #### ξ Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 15''.234.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** Barom. | **1822.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | Refr. | Red. - | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | Refr. | Red. + | | May 27 | inches. | 29.87 | 58.5 | 5 | 4 | 3.5 | 3 | 36.2 | 4 | 20.3 | 4 | 28.7 | 1 | 10.6 | 1 | 7.32 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -2 | 17.9 | 2 | 17.9 | 2 | 17.9 | | Superior Culminat... | 5 | 1 | 45.6 | 1 | 18.3 | 2 | 02.4 | 2 | 10.8 | | Inferior Culminat... | 354 | 57 | 26.6 | 57 | 20.2 | 57 | 42.8 | 57 | 41.0 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 5 | 2 | 9.5 | 2 | 29.05 | 2 | 9.8 | 2 | 14.9 | Mean S. P. D. of ξ Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . 5° 2' 15''.8 by 3 Observ. #### ς Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 18''.97.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1828.** Barom. | **1828.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | Refr. | Red. - | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | Refr. | Red. + | | July 2 | inches. | 29.84 | 53 | 5 | 20 | 10.5 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 11.2 | 20 | 20.8 | | 3 | inches. | 29.69 | 53 | " | " | 10 | 12.5 | 8.8 | " | 21.6 | | 5 | inches. | 30.18 | 50.5 | " | " | 14.9 | 17.5 | 12.2 | " | 23.7 | | 6 | inches. | 30.16 | 46 | " | " | 15.2 | 18.0 | 14.1 | " | 26.0 | | 10 | inches. | 29.81 | 57.5 | " | " | 11.0 | 11.2 | 11.0 | " | 20.4 | | 11 | inches. | 30.03 | 48.5 | " | " | 12.0 | 15.0 | 14.8 | " | 23.4 | | 12 | inches. | 29.98 | 50 | " | " | 13.2 | 16.2 | 14.0 | " | 25.2 | | 14 | inches. | 29.95 | 49 | " | " | 13.2 | 15.0 | 14.1 | " | 25.0 | | 15 | inches. | 30.00 | 54.7 | " | " | 14.0 | 18.0 | 14.0 | " | 23.2 | | 17 | inches. | 29.65 | 64 | " | " | 12.8 | 15.0 | 13 | " | 26.7 | | 18 | inches. | 29.87 | 62 | " | " | 9.8 | 11.7 | 8.4 | " | 20.0 | | 19 | inches. | 29.96 | 55 | " | " | 10.0 | 13.0 | 9.5 | " | 23.5 | | July 16 | inches. | 29.85 | 45.3 | 355 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 18 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20.5 | | Mean ... | Refract. - Reduct. | -40.6 | 40.6 | 40.6 | 40.6 | | Superior Culminat... | 5 | 19 | 32.4 | 19 | 35.7 | 19 | 33.6 | 19 | 44.1 | | Inferior Culminat... | 355 | 7 | 5.6 | 7 | 11.0 | 7 | 12.6 | 7 | 11.6 | | Half Diff. = S.P.D. | 5 | 6 | 13.4 | 6 | 12.3 | 6 | 10.5 | 6 | 16.3 | Mean S. P. D. of ς Octantis, Oct. Jan. 1, 1828. . . . 5° 6' 13''.12 by 22 Obs. η Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 19".33.) | Superior Culmination. | Inferior Culmination. | |-----------------------|----------------------| | **Microscopes.** | **Microscopes.** | | **Barom.** | **Barom.** | | **Therm.** | **Therm.** | | **I.** | **I.** | | **II.** | **II.** | | **III.** | **III.** | | **IV.** | **IV.** | | **June 14** | **June 10** | | **29.86** | **30.01** | | **56.2** | **39.2** | | **122 19 53** | **129 38 39.7** | | **20 42.6** | **39 47.4** | | **20 45.2** | **39 28.5** | | **20 18.7** | **39 13** | | **Mean...** | **Refract. and Reduct.** | | **142 19 53.8** | **-51.4** | | **20 52.3** | **51.4** | | **20 47.1** | **51.4** | | **20 19.8** | **51.4** | | **Superior Culminat.** | **Inferior Culminat.** | | **142 17 43.4** | **129 37 48.3** | | **18 41.9** | **38 56.0** | | **18 36.7** | **38 37.1** | | **18 9.4** | **38 21.6** | | **Half Diff. S. P. D.**| **Mean of 4 Microscopes** | | **6 19 57.5** | **6° 19' 56"05 by 3 Observ.** | | **19 53.0** | | | **19 59.8** | | | **19 53.9** | | For want of room, the columns of Refraction and Reduction have been henceforward omitted; but the sums or differences of their means have been applied to the means of the microscopes, so that the latter corrected means are the divisions of the mural circle corresponding to the superior and inferior culminations of the Star's mean place on the 1st January 1828. These divisions are variable, because the position of the tube is altered and the pillar settles; but their differences are constant quantities. The second microscope during the years of 1822 and 1823 was subject to frequent derangements, from causes over which I had no control. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS #### 3 γ Octantis. (Ann. Var. + 20''.01.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1827.** Barom. | **1827.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | Microscopes | Microscopes | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | June 17 | June 18 | |----------------------|----------------------| | inches. | inches. | | 30.24 | 30.23 | | 40° | 46° | | 9 5 27 | 35 27 32.0 | | 5 31.3 | 27 35.5 | | 5 30.0 | 27 27.0 | | 5 41.0 | 27 36.4 | | 29.8 | 34.9 | | ,, 21.8 | ,, 30.0 | | ,, 32.0 | ,, 36.3 | | ,, 28.0 | ,, 37.0 | | ,, 44.0 | ,, 31.1 | | ,, 45 | ,, 31.0 | | ,, 27.4 | ,, 36.1 | | ,, 33.0 | ,, 37.0 | | June 21 | June 22 | |----------------------|----------------------| | Mean... | Mean... | | 7 5 25.4 | 353 27 31.9 | | 5 31.3 | 27 35.5 | | 5 29.3 | 27 29.4 | | 5 43.3 | 27 36.6 | | Refract. and Reduct. | Refract. and Reduct. | | -1 22.60 | -1 38.80 | | 1 22.7 | 1 38.8 | | 1 22.7 | 1 38.7 | | 1 22.7 | 1 38.8 | | Superior Culminat. | | | 7 4 2.8 | | | 4 8.6 | | | 4 6.6 | | | 4 20.6 | | | Inferior Culminat... | | | 353 25 53.1 | | | 25 56.7 | | | 25 50.7 | | | 25 57.8 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | 6 49 4.8 | | | 49 6.0 | | | 49 8.0 | | | 49 11.4 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes..............6° 49' 7''.55 by 6 Observ. | 1828. Barom. | 1828. Barom. | |----------------------|----------------------| | Therm. | Therm. | | Microscopes | Microscopes | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | June 10 | June 11 | |----------------------|----------------------| | inches. | inches. | | 29.71 | 29.79 | | 35.5 | 50° | | 7 3 52 | 35 25 27.7 | | 4 6.0 | 25 30 | | 4 2.4 | 25 32 | | 4 6.5 | 25 35 | | ,, 4 1.5 | ,, 24.3 | | ,, 6.5 | ,, 28.5 | | ,, 4.4 | ,, 27.0 | | ,, 11.2 | ,, 28.2 | | ,, 12.0 | ,, 25.2 | | ,, 4.3 | ,, 26 | | ,, 15.0 | ,, 20.5 | | ,, 35.0 | ,, 33 | | ,, 4.5 | ,, 29 | | ,, 57.7 | ,, 31.0 | | ,, 5.8 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 7.5 | ,, 31.0 | | ,, 4 2.2 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 11.7 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 3 58 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 4 1.0 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 3.8 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 1.7 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 84 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 10.5 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 5.2 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 11.0 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 9.3 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 4.0 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 10.0 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 3 58.7 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 4.5 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 58.7 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 9.0 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 4 0.5 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 5 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 1.0 | ,, 30.7 | | ,, 11.0 | ,, 30.7 | | June 17 | June 21 | |----------------------|----------------------| | Mean... | Mean... | | 7 3 59.92 | 353 25 26.7 | | 4 6.96 | 25 28.6 | | 4 1.9 | 25 26.6 | | 4 9.96 | 25 28.5 | | Refract. and Reduct. | Refract. and Reduct. | | -1 41.78 | -1 20.9 | | 1 41.78 | -1 21.0 | | 1 41.8 | -1 20.9 | | 1 41.78 | -1 21.0 | | Superior Culminat. | | | 7 2 18.14 | | | 2 25.18 | | | 2 20.1 | | | 2 28.18 | | | Inferior Culminat... | | | 353 24 5.8 | | | 24 7.6 | | | 24 5.7 | | | 24 7.5 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | 6 49 6.17 | | | 49 8.8 | | | 49 7.2 | | | 49 19.35 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes..................6° 49' 8''.13 by 19 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of 3 γ Octantis ...........6° 49' 7''.99 by 25 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------------|--------|--------|-------------| | June 17 | inches | 30.24 | 40 | | | | 29.85 | 47 | | | | 30.05 | 45 | | June 21 | inches | 5 | Mean... | | | | | Refract. + Reduct. | | | | | Superior Culminat. | | | | | Inferior Culminat... | | Mean S. P. D. | | | 6 52 21.6 | ### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------------|--------|--------|-------------| | June 18 | inches | 30.23 | 46 | | | | 29.83 | 54.5 | | | | 30.01 | 50.0 | | June 22 | inches | 5 | Mean... | | | | | Refract. and Reduct. | | | | | 353 22 35.0 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes, Jan. 1, 1828...6° 52' 23''.2 by 6 Observ. | ### 1828 #### Barom. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------------|--------|--------|-------------| | June 10 | inches | 29.71 | 35.5 | | | | 29.94 | 33 | | | | 30.05 | 29 | | | | 30.00 | 31 | | | | 30.00 | 38 | | | | 30.13 | 36 | | | | 30.32 | 38 | | | | 30.33 | 35 | | | | 30.27 | 37 | | | | 30.21 | 54.5 | | June 16 | inches | 5 | Mean... | | | | | Refract. + Reduct. | | | | | Superior Culminat. | | | | | Inferior Culminat... | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | 6 52 20.5 | #### Barom. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------------|--------|--------|-------------| | June 11 | inches | 29.79 | 50 | | | | 30.02 | 42 | | | | 30.03 | 52 | | | | 30.20 | 49.5 | | | | 30.34 | 49.5 | | | | 30.27 | 52 | | | | 30.15 | 68 | | | | 30.22 | 61.5 | | June 18 | inches | 5 | Mean... | | | | | Refract. - Reduct. | | | | | 353 20 51.15 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes.............6° 52' 22''.05 by 18 Observ. | Mean S. P. D. of 2 γ Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 6° 52' 22''.32 by 24 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS #### 1 γ Octantis. (Ann. Var. + 19''.94.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1827.** Barom. | **1827.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | Microscopes. | Microscopes. | |----------------------|----------------------| | June 23 | June 18 | | inches. | inches. | | 29.84 | 30.232 | | 47 | 46 | | 7 17 39 | 353 15 | | 17 46.5 | 7.5 | | 17 40 | 15 13.5 | | 17 58 | 15 9.3 | | | 15 14 | | June 24 | June 22 | | Mean... | Mean... | | 7 17 42.5 | 353 15 | | 17 48.9 | 8.0 | | 17 45.2 | 15 12.7 | | 18 1.5 | 15 13.68 | | Refract. + Reduct. | Refract. - Reduct. | | -1 22.0 | -1 41.5 | | 1 22.0 | 1 41.5 | | 1 22.0 | 1 41.47 | | | 1 41.5 | | Superior Culminat. | | | 7 16 20.5 | | | 16 26.9 | | | 16 23.2 | | | 16 39.5 | | | Inferior Culminat... | | | 353 13 26.5 | | | 13 31.2 | | | 13 32.2 | | | 13 31.1 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | 7 1 27.0 | | | 1 27.85 | | | 1 25.5 | | | 1 34.2 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes ............ 7° 1' 28''.64 by 4 Observ. | 1828. Barom. | 1828. Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | Microscopes. | Microscopes. | |----------------------|----------------------| | June 10 | June 11 | | inches. | inches. | | 29.71 | 29.79 | | 35.5 | 30 | | 9 16 19.5 | 33 13 8.3 | | 16 28 | 13 6.5 | | 16 25.5 | 13 3 | | 16 28.5 | 13 5.8 | | June 12 | | | 30.05 | | | 29 | | | " 21.0 | | | " 30 | | | " 27.7 | | | " 32.7 | | | June 13 | | | 30.00 | | | 31 | | | " 28.7 | | | " 30 | | | " 25.8 | | | " 35.0 | | | June 16 | | | 30.00 | | | 38 | | | " 18.0 | | | " 25 | | | " 31.0 | | | June 17 | | | 30.13 | | | 36 | | | " 20.0 | | | " 26.5 | | | " 27 | | | " 32.0 | | | June 18 | | | 30.32 | | | 38.2 | | | " 21.7 | | | " 27.4 | | | " 25 | | | " 32 | | | June 19 | | | 30.33 | | | 35 | | | " 26.7 | | | " 28.1 | | | " 28.2 | | | " 37 | | | June 20 | | | 30.26 | | | 34 | | | " 25.0 | | | " 25.8 | | | " 26 | | | " 31.1 | | | June 21 | | | 30.27 | | | 37.2 | | | " 25.0 | | | " 28.0 | | | " 26.6 | | | " 34.1 | | | June 22 | | | 30.21 | | | 54.5 | | | " 18.0 | | | " 16.4 | | | " 18.5 | | | " 28.5 | | | June 29 | | | 30.13 | | | 49 | | | " 12.2 | | | " 19.0 | | | " 16.0 | | | " 25.2 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes ............ 7° 1' 29''.77 by 25 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of 1 γ Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . . 7° 1' 29''.77 by 25 Observ. δ Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 17″.329.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | | July 28 | inches: 29.83 | 50.8 | 45 | 6 | 12.4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 1.5 | 6 | 3.2 | | July 30 | 29.95 | 50.8 | 45 | 6 | 0.0 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 56.5 | 5 | 58.7 | | July 31 | 30.07 | 54.0 | 45 | 6 | 2.3 | 5 | 59 | 5 | 54.3 | 6 | 2.5 | | July 30 | Mean... | 45 | 6 | 4.9 | 6 | 1.3 | 5 | 57.8 | 6 | 1.5 | | Refract. + Reduct. | -2 | 13.9 | 2 | 14.0 | 2 | 13.9 | 2 | 14.0 | | Superior Culminat. | 45 | 3 | 51.0 | 3 | 47.3 | 3 | 43.9 | 3 | 47.5 | | Inferior Culminat... | 30 | 47 | 48.4 | 47 | 51.3 | 47 | 57.4 | 47 | 56.3 | | Half, Diff. S. P. D. | 7 | 8 | 1.3 | 7 | 58.0 | 7 | 53.25 | 7 | 55.6 | Mean of 4 Microscopes.............. 7° 7′ 57″.04 by 7 Observ. | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | | July 18 | inches: 30.09 | 40 | 7 | 50 | 2.1 | 49 | 52 | 49 | 41 | 49 | 58.5 | | July 28 | 30.03 | 46 | ,, | 49 | 58.2 | ,, | 50.7 | ,, | 48.5 | ,, | 56.3 | | July 29 | 30.27 | 48 | ,, | 49 | 54.0 | ,, | 50.6 | ,, | 46.4 | ,, | 55.0 | | July 31 | 30.30 | 50 | ,, | 50 | 0.5 | ,, | 51.5 | ,, | 48.5 | ,, | 57.0 | | Aug. 2 | 30.12 | 52.5 | ,, | 49 | 59 | ,, | 48 | ,, | 43 | ,, | 56.1 | | July 27 | Mean... | 7 | 49 | 58.8 | 49 | 50.6 | 49 | 45.5 | 49 | 56.6 | | Refract. + Reduct. | -1 | 10.5 | 1 | 10.5 | 1 | 10.5 | 1 | 10.5 | | Superior Culminat. | 7 | 48 | 48.3 | 48 | 40.1 | 48 | 35.0 | 48 | 46.1 | | Inferior Culminat... | 353 | 32 | 53.2 | 32 | 55.8 | 32 | 48.9 | 32 | 57.2 | | Half, Diff. S. P. D. | 7 | 7 | 57.5 | 7 | 52.2 | 7 | 53.0 | 7 | 54.5 | Mean of 4 Microscopes.................. 7° 7′ 54″.29 by 13 Observ. ### δ Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 17°.329.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 25 | inches.| 30.104| 52 | 7 23 37 | 23 56.7 | 23 52.5 | 24 14.0 | | | | | | | | | | | June 1 | inches.| 30.30 | 49 | ,, 45.7 | 23 58.3 | 24 0.4 | 12.0 | | | | | | | | | | | July 4 | inches.| 30.34 | 48 | ,, 44.5 | 24 1.5 | 24 5.0 | 12.0 | | | | | | | | | | | July 17| Mean...| | 7 23 42.63 | 23 56.4 | 23 57.0 | 24 13.04 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 7 | inches.| 30.333| 47 | 353 9 16 | 9 20.0 | 9 15 | 9 20 | | | | | | | | | | | July 13| Mean...| | 353 9 13.0 | 9 17.5 | 9 16.5 | 9 17.5 | #### Half Diff. S. P. D. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | | | | 7 23 42.10 | 22 55.9 | 22 56.5 | 23 12.51 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........7° 7' 54''.34 by 15 Observ. --- ### δ Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 17°.329.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 28| inches.| 30.25 | 49.5 | 7 23 37 | 23 49.7 | 24 1.0 | 23 49 | | | | | | | | | | | Aug. 1 | inches.| 30.10 | 42 | ,, 37 | ,, 50.0 | 23 50.5 | 24 7 | | | | | | | | | | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 27| inches.| 30.29 | 39 | 353 9 13 | 9 19 | 9 14 | 9 15 | | | | | | | | | | | Aug. 6 | Mean...| | 353 9 12.5 | 9 17.5 | 9 15.1 | 9 15.9 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........7° 7' 54''.58 by 7 Observ. --- ### δ Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 17°.329.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | June 27| inches.| 30.25 | 37.0 | 7 21 49 | 21 48.5 | 21 48 | 21 58 | | | | | | | | | | | July 3 | inches.| 29.69 | 53 | ,, 56 | ,, 54.7 | ,, 51.7 | 22 2 | | | | | | | | | | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 12| inches.| 29.93 | 37.5 | 353 7 51 | 7 53 | 7 50.2 | 7 51.2 | | | | | | | | | | | July 15| Mean...| | 353 7 51.3 | 7 51.6 | 7 47.4 | 7 49.2 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........7° 7' 54''.35 by 13 Observ. ### δ Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 17".329.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 21 | 29.59 | 50 | 7 22' 11.1 | 22' 9.3 | 22' 8.3 | 22' 20" | | | 29.73 | 50 | " 12.1 | " 12.2 | " 8.7 | " 23.2 | | | 30.00 | 55 | " 14.0 | " 14.0 | " 10.3 | " 24.1 | | | 30.07 | 51 | " 15 | " 15.0 | " 7.7 | " 26 | | | 30.20 | 53 | " 17.3 | " 18.4 | " 17.3 | " 30 | July 23.5...Mean... Refract. and Reduct. | | | | 7 22' 13.9 | 22' 13.8 | 22' 10.5 | 22' 24.7 | | | | | -39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | Superior Culminat. | 7 21 34.3 | 21 34.2 | 21 30.9 | 21 45.1 | Inferior Culminat... | 353 5 46.1 | 5 48.8 | 5 43.1 | 5 45.4 | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 7 7 54.1 | 7 52.7 | 7 53.9 | 7 59.8 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........7° 7' 55".12 by 9 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 22 | 29.81 | 45.5 | 353' 8" 17.0 | 8' 15.7 | 8' 12.0 | 8' 10.0 | | | 30.03 | 35.5 | " 16.0 | " 17.5 | " 13.0 | " 12.2 | | | 30.14 | 35.0 | " 17.3 | " 17.3 | " 15.2 | " 12.7 | | | 30.29 | 35.5 | " 19.0 | " 20.0 | " 10.8 | " 15.5 | | | 353 | 46.1 | " 19.5 | " 26.7 | " 21.5 | " 20.5 | | | 5 | 48.8 | " 15.0 | " 16.7 | " 13.3 | " 12.0 | July 24.4...Mean... Refract. and Reduct. | | | | 353' 8" 11.0 | 8' 13.7 | 8' 8.0 | 8' 10.3 | | | | | -2 24.9 | 2 24.9 | 2 24.9 | 2 24.9 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........7° 7' 54".7 by 12 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of δ Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 7° 7' 54".77 by 76 Observ. ### Mr. Rumker's Observations #### π Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 15''.67.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** Barom. | **1822.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | II. | I. | II. | | III. | IV. | III. | IV. | | inches. | inches. | | Aug. 7 30.184 57.7 | Aug. 7 30.276 46 | | Refract. and Reduct. | 10 30.176 46 | | Superior Culminat... | 11 30.022 41.5 | | Inferior Culminat... | 12 29.90 38.7 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | Aug. 10... Mean ... | | | Refract. — Reduct. | Mean S. P. D. of π Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 7° 40' 3''.7 by 5 Observ. #### β Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 18''.42.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1823.** Barom. | **1823.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | II. | I. | II. | | III. | IV. | III. | IV. | | inches. | inches. | | June 2 29.98 45.7 | June 9 29.71 61.2 | | Refract. — Reduct. | 15 29.69 65 | | Superior Culminat... | June 12... Mean ... | | Inferior Culminat... | Refract. and Reduct. | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | Mean of 4 Microscopes……………7° 43' 18''.92 by 3 Observ. #### 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|----|-----|------|-----| | June 8 29.91 36.5 | 8 25 6 | 25 6.5 | 25 2.5 | 25 15.6 | | 9 29.97 35 | " 13 | 12.7 | 24 55.5 | " 11.5 | | 13 30.20 32.5 | " 9.1 | 12.7 | 25 12.8 | " 21 | | 17 29.85 45.0 | " 11.0 | 8.0 | 25 1.0 | " 18.3 | | 19 30.01 41.0 | " 12.7 | 3.6 | 25 0.0 | " 15.6 | | June 13... Mean... | 8 25 10.4 | 25 8.7 | 25 2.4 | 25 16.4 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 5.2 | 1 5.3 | 1 5.2 | 1 5.3 | | Superior Culminat. | 8 24 5.2 | 24 3.4 | 23 57.2 | 24 11.1 | | Inferior Culminat... | 352 57 27.2 | 57 26.7 | 57 24.3 | 57 26.8 | | Half. Diff. S. P. D. | 7 43 19.0 | 43 18.3 | 43 16.5 | 43 22.1 | Mean of 4 Microscopes……………7° 43' 18''.99 by 11 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | May 23 | 30.185 | 51° | 7 59 32.3 59 34.1 59 34.0 59 45.7 | | | 30.18 | 49 | „ 34.0 „ 34.8 „ 36.2 „ 49.0 | | | 30.125 | 45 | „ 34.2 „ 37.0 „ 34.0 „ 47.4 | | | 30.140 | 48 | „ 31.1 „ 33.8 „ 34.1 „ 45.0 | | | 30.33 | 45 | „ 33.0 „ 40.7 „ 41.2 „ 47.4 | | June 1 | 30.27 | 40.3 | „ 34.0 „ 37.7 „ 40.0 „ 48.7 | | | 30.17 | 40.0 | „ 33.7 „ 38.8 „ 39.6 „ 51.1 | | | 30.10 | 46.5 | „ 32.0 „ 36.8 „ 38.0 „ 50.5 | | | 30.02 | 44 | „ 37.5 „ 39.5 „ 40.8 „ 41.2 | | | 29.85 | 39.7 | „ 40.3 „ 42.7 „ 44.0 „ 55.1 | **June 4... Mean...** | Refract. and Reduct. | 7 59 34.2 59 37.6 59 38.2 59 48.1 | |----------------------|-----------------------------------| **Superior Culminat...** | 7 58 12.0 58 15.3 58 16.0 58 25.8 | |-----------------------------------| **Inferior Culminat...** | 352 31 41.3 31 43.9 31 48.1 31 50.4 | |-------------------------------------| **Half Diff. S. P. D.** | 7 43 15.4 43 15.7 43 13.9 43 17.7 | |------------------------------------| Mean of 4 Microscopes...........7° 43' 15".7 by 18 Observ. ### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | May 23 | 30.14 | 60 | 352 33 22 33 21.5 33 26.7 33 32 | | | 30.13 | 60 | „ 19.3 „ 23.7 „ 25.5 „ 29 | | | 30.10 | 58.2 | „ 23 „ 24.0 „ 30.0 „ 30 | | | 30.18 | 58 | „ 18.7 „ 18.5 „ 24 „ 28.5 | | | 30.32 | 58.5 | „ 21.7 „ 22.3 „ 26.5 „ 28.6 | | June 1 | 30.20 | 55 | „ 21.0 „ 25.0 „ 28.5 „ 31.0 | | | 30.27 | 51 | „ 21.5 „ 27.7 „ 33.0 „ 31.0 | | | 30.18 | 57 | „ 20.0 „ 25.0 „ 27.5 „ 30.0 | | | Mean... | | 352 33 20.9 33 23.5 33 27.7 33 30.0 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 39.6 1 39.6 1 39.6 1 39.6 | | | 352 31 41.3 31 43.9 31 48.1 31 50.4 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........7° 43' 19".74 by 16 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **β Octantis. (Ann. Var. — 18''.42.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 12 | 29.80 | 72 | 9° 58' 7.1" | 58° 9.0" | 58° 5.1" | 58° 15.0" | | 14 | 29.925| 49.5 | " 5.0" | 11.7" | 6.4" | 9.0" | | 18 | 30.222| 35 | " 13.4" | 15.8" | 16.0" | 16.1" | | 19 | 30.40 | 36 | " 11.1" | 15.0" | 22" | 17.0" | | 20 | 30.39 | 46 | " 9.0" | 13.4" | 15.7" | 13.0" | | 23 | 30.27 | 47.2 | " 8.0" | 13.5" | 12.4" | 14.2" | | 24 | 30.23 | 45.5 | " 13.5" | 16.3" | 9.3" | 20.2" | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 13 | 29.78 | 66 | 9° 35' 21" | 31° 28.4" | 31° 27.7" | 31° 30" | | 14 | 29.88 | 66 | " 24.8" | 28.5" | 26.0" | 17.0" | | 15 | 29.99 | 58.2 | " 22.4" | 24.9" | 28.0" | 13" | | 16 | 30.05 | 50.3 | " 21.8" | 25.0" | 25.5" | 13.3" | | 18 | 30.11 | 50.0 | " 22.5" | 27.3" | 27.2" | 14.0" | | 19 | 30.30 | 50.3 | " 26.8" | 26.9" | 32.5" | 16.0" | | 20 | 30.39 | 52.1 | " 22.1" | 26.2" | 31.1" | 13.0" | | 23 | 30.23 | 55.6 | " 19.0" | 23.8" | 23.2" | 10.0" | | 24 | 30.22 | 59 | " 15.5" | 20.9" | 20.5" | 9.0" | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes. - **Superior Culmination:** 7° 43' 18''.8 by 16 Observ. - **Inferior Culmination:** 7° 43' 17''.55 by 25 Observ. --- #### Mean S. P. D. of β Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 7° 43' 18''.12 by 89 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. **ε Octantis. (Ann. Var. + 17''.336.)** #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | May 25 | 30.125 | 46 | 8 58 | 51.0 | 59 3.2 | 58 54 | 59 11.7 | | | | | ,, 58 | 57.5 | ,, 1.7 | 58 54.3| ,, 11.2 | | June 1 | 30.268 | 40.3 | ,, 58 | 59.0 | ,, 4.1 | 58 56.5| ,, 15.7 | | | | | ,, 58 | 54.0 | ,, 1.5 | 58 52.5| ,, 9.3 | | | | | ,, 59 | 1.0 | ,, 4.3 | 59 0 | ,, 16.0 | | June 3 | ... Mean ... | 8 58 | 56.5 | 59 2.96| 58 55.6| 59 12.8| | Refract. and Reduct. | -1 21.3 | 1 21.3 | 1 21.3 | 1 21.3 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | May 25 | 30.072 | 62 | 351 34 | 34 3 | 34 5 | 34 4.5 | 34 5 | | | | | ,, 30 | 12.2 | ,, 0 | ,, 1 | ,, 5.0 | ,, 7 | | | | | ,, 30 | 17.6 | ,, 7 | ,, 1 | ,, 4.0 | ,, 8 | | | | | ,, 30 | 18.6 | ,, 2.5 | ,, 6.5 | ,, 5.7 | ,, 9.7 | | June 2 | 30.20 | 56 | ,, 0 | ,, 5.6 | ,, 6.3 | ,, 6.2 | Mean of 4 Microscopes 8° 42' 41''.2...........by 10 Observ. #### 1828. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | May 15 | 30.03 | 37.5 | 8 57 | 31.5 | 57 38.4| 57 34 | 57 33 | | | | | ,, 35 | 0 | ,, 45 | ,, 34.6| ,, 36 | | | | | ,, 32 | ,, 38 | ,, 34 | ,, 31.7| ,, 31 | | | | | ,, 35 | ,, 42.3| ,, 36.2| ,, 41.0| ,, 36 | | | | | ,, 31.5| ,, 39.6| ,, 29.5| ,, 36 | ,, 36 | | | | | ,, 31.5| ,, 40.0| ,, 28.7| ,, 32.7| ,, 32 | | | | | ,, 34.0| ,, 35.0| ,, 30.8| ,, 37 | ,, 37 | | | | | ,, 31 | ,, 39 | ,, 28 | ,, 32.6| ,, 32 | | June 1 | 30.05 | 35 | ,, 31.5| ,, 36.5| ,, 28 | ,, 34.2| ,, 34 | | | | | ,, 31.4| ,, 33.7| ,, 33.1| ,, 33.8| ,, 33.8| Mean of 4 Microscopes.................8° 42' 40''.45 by 23 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of ε Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 8° 42' 40''.7 by 33 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **γ Apodis. (Ann. Var. — 9''.433.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 25 | inches. | 30.04 | 57.5 | 49 27 48.7 | ............ | 27 54 | 27 46.7 | | 27 | | 29.55 | 41 | " 54 | ............ | " 58.2 | " 44 | | 29 | | 29.67 | 56 | " 43 | 28 13.8 | " 49.3 | " 44.2 | | 30 | | 29.56 | 66 | " 48.5 | ............ | " 52.2 | " 39.5 | | 31 | | 30.60 | 53 | " 49.0 | ............ | " 49.3 | " 46.5 | | Sept. 1 | | 29.85 | 53.5 | " 49 | ............ | " 46.3 | " 50.8 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 24 | inches. | 30.13 | 40.7 | 26 27 5.7 | ............ | 27 33 | 27 22 | 27 13 | | 26 | | 29.55 | 43 | " 3.0 | ............ | " 45.5 | " 22 | 12.7 | | 31 | | 29.78 | 45.5 | " 5.2 | ............ | " 21.7 | " 13.3 | | Sept. 4 | | 29.54 | 42.3 | " 7.3 | ............ | " 20.7 | " 12.0 | | 6 | | 29.60 | 41 | " 3.3 | ............ | " 28.3 | " 17.5 | " 6.5 | | 11 | | 29.93 | 39 | " 7.4 | ............ | " 35.0 | " 28.0 | " 12.8 | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes.............11° 30' 34''.4 by 12 Observ. #### Superior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 11 | inches. | 29.93 | 62 | 12 12 16.5 | ............ | 12 12 | 12 14.0 | | 12 | | 30.06 | 54 | " 20.5 | " 16.8 | 12 14.7 | " 18.7 | | 19 | | 29.73 | 54 | " 10.0 | " 9.0 | ............ | " 11.0 | | 25 | | 29.80 | 54 | " 16.8 | " 11.0 | " 15.5 | " 20.9 | | 26 | | 30.04 | 49 | " 11.3 | " 8.7 | " 10.7 | " 14.1 | | 27 | | ....... | 54 | " 14.4 | " 10.7 | ............ | " 17.3 | | 28 | | 29.86 | 58 | " 16.0 | " 9.0 | " 6.0 | " 13.3 | | Sept. 2 | | 29.88 | 66 | " 9.0 | " 6.8 | ............ | " 15.1 | | 3 | | 29.93 | 63 | " 20.3 | " 13.0 | ............ | " 21.0 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 18 | inches. | 29.75 | 43 | 349 12 35.5 | ............ | 12 32.2 | 12 37.5 | 12 28.1 | | 19 | | 29.77 | 42 | " 35.0 | ............ | " 30.3 | " 33.7 | " 29.7 | | 25 | | 29.96 | 39.5 | " 33.7 | ............ | " 38.5 | | 27 | | ....... | 27 | " 37.0 | ............ | " 30.0 | " 36.0 | " 32.5 | | Sept. 1 | | 29.90 | 50.0 | " 32.2 | ............ | " 29.0 | " 31.5 | " 24.6 | | 2 | | 29.88 | 45.5 | " 35.5 | ............ | " 29.2 | " 33.4 | " 27.7 | | 8 | | 29.60 | 42 | " 42.0 | ............ | " 25.0 | " 32 | " 27.4 | | 12 | | 29.77 | 56 | " 34.0 | ............ | " 28 | " 30.0 | " 29.0 | | 14 | | 29.85 | 44.5 | " 30.7 | ............ | " 29 | " 29 | " 25.7 | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes.............11° 30' 36''.4 by 18 Observ. ### γ Apodis. (Ann. Var. —9.°433.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. | | | 1° 46' 18" | 46° 31.6' | 46° 27' | 46° 31.3' | | 1827| | | | | | | | Aug. | 30.10 | 51 | 1° 46' 18" | 46° 31.6' | 46° 27' | 46° 31.3' | | 15 | 30.04 | 49.5 | " | " | " | " | | 19 | 29.96 | 58 | " | " | " | " | | 20 | 29.95 | 59 | " | " | " | " | | 21 | 30.04 | 51 | " | " | " | " | | 22 | | | " | " | " | " | | 27 | 29.71 | 55 | " | " | " | " | | 28 | 29.58 | 63 | " | " | " | " | | Sept.| 30.00 | 52 | " | " | " | " | #### Inferior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. | | | 1° 46' 18" | 46° 31.6' | 46° 27' | 46° 31.3' | | 1827| | | | | | | | Aug. | 30.10 | 56.5 | 3° 48' 46" | 46° 58' | 47° 1" | 47° 5" | | 18 | 29.91 | 48 | " | " | " | " | | 21 | 29.99 | 42 | " | " | " | " | | 27 | 29.77 | 39 | " | " | " | " | | 28 | 29.73 | 50.5 | " | " | " | " | | Sept.| 30.02 | 38 | " | " | " | " | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes - **Superior Culmination**: 11° 30' 35".45 by 16 Observ. - **Inferior Culmination**: 11° 30' 35".45 by 16 Observ. --- ### 1828 #### Superior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. | | | 1° 44' 57.4" | 45° 2' | 45° 4.7' | 45° 5.2' | | 1828| | | | | | | | Aug. | 30.21 | 46.5 | 1° 44' 57.4" | 45° 2' | 45° 4.7' | 45° 5.2' | | 14 | 30.00 | 52 | " | " | " | " | | 15 | 29.72 | 58 | " | " | " | " | | 17 | 29.48 | 62.7 | " | " | " | " | | 20 | 30.00 | 63.3 | " | " | " | " | | 21 | 30.09 | 57 | " | " | " | " | | 24 | 30.05 | 57.0 | " | " | " | " | | 25 | 29.71 | 68 | " | " | " | " | | 26 | 29.82 | 65 | " | " | " | " | | 27 | 29.93 | 63 | " | " | " | " | | 28 | 30.27 | 54 | " | " | " | " | | 29 | 30.10 | 61.3 | " | " | " | " | | 30 | 30.24 | 64.7 | " | " | " | " | | 31 | 30.30 | 62.2 | " | " | " | " | | Sept.| 30.15 | 67 | " | " | " | " | #### Inferior Culmination. | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. | | | 1° 44' 57.4" | 45° 2' | 45° 4.7' | 45° 5.2' | | 1828| | | | | | | | Aug. | 29.67 | 44.5 | 3° 48' 45" | 47° 6' | 45° 44' | 45° 36.3' | | 16 | 29.65 | 57.3 | " | " | " | " | | 19 | 30.10 | 47.2 | " | " | " | " | | 20 | 30.09 | 38.3 | " | " | " | " | | 21 | 30.14 | 38.5 | " | " | " | " | | 22 | | | " | " | " | " | | 23 | 30.05 | 40 | " | " | " | " | | 25 | 29.81 | 45 | " | " | " | " | | 26 | 29.87 | 44 | " | " | " | " | | 27 | 30.22 | 36.2 | " | " | " | " | | 28 | 30.24 | 34 | " | " | " | " | | 29 | 30.17 | 36.5 | " | " | " | " | | 31 | 30.25 | 42 | " | " | " | " | | Sept.| 30.23 | 43 | " | " | " | " | | 2 | 30.15 | 42.5 | " | " | " | " | | 3 | 29.85 | 51.0 | " | " | " | " | | 7 | 29.62 | 54.5 | " | " | " | " | | 8 | 29.92 | 41.0 | " | " | " | " | | 9 | 29.79 | 44.7 | " | " | " | " | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes - **Superior Culmination**: 11° 30' 36".01 by 34 Observ. - **Inferior Culmination**: 11° 30' 35".74 by 80 Observ. --- Mean S. P. D. of γ Apodis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . . 11° 30' 35".74 by 80 Observ. ### β Chamæleontis. (Ann. Var. — 19''.997.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1823.** Barom. | **1823.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | Microscopes | Microscopes | |----------------------|----------------------| | inches. | inches. | | June 15 29.69 | June 15 29.73 | | 57 | 52.3 | | 147 38 25.1 | 124 20 20.7 | | Refract. + Reduct. | Refract. - Reduct. | | -2 0.4 | -1 15.2 | | 2 0.4 | 1 15.2 | | Superior Culminat... | Superior Culminat... | | 147 36 24.7 | 124 19 5.5 | | Inferior Culminat... | Inferior Culminat... | | 124 19 5.5 | 20 29.8 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | 11 38 39.6 | 38 37.1 | | | 38 37.6 | Mean S. P. D. of β Chamæleontis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 11° 38' 38''.1 by 2 Observ. ### η Chamæleontis. (Ann. Var. — 13''.328.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** Barom. | **1822.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | Microscopes | Microscopes | |----------------------|----------------------| | inches. | inches. | | May 6 30.20 | May 9 29.89 | | 39 | 50 | | 11 41 40.0 | 348 21 24.7 | | Refract. and Reduct. | Refract. and Reduct. | | -1 54.2 | -1 24.1 | | 1 54.3 | 1 24.1 | | Superior Culminat... | Superior Culminat... | | 11 39 45.8 | 348 20 0.6 | | Inferior Culminat... | Inferior Culminat... | | 348 20 0.6 | 20 18.9 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | 11 39 52.6 | 39 49.2 | | | 39 59.5 | Mean S. P. D. of η Chamæleontis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 11° 39' 53''.8 by 2 Observ. ### α Apodis. (Ann. Var. — 16''.154.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1827.** Barom. | **1827.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | Microscopes | Microscopes | |----------------------|----------------------| | inches. | inches. | | July 28 30.25 | July 29 30.05 | | 49.5 | 45 | | 11 57 30.5 | 348 35 53 | | Aug. 3 30.12 | 30 29.81 | | 52 | ,, 45 | | 11 57 29 | ,, 40.3 | | July 31 Mean ... | Aug. 1 30.08 | | Refract. - Reduct. | 32 | | -46.17 | ,, 50 | | 46.2 | ,, 53.0 | | Superior Culminat... | 2 30.07 | | 11 56 43.58 | ,, 52.8 | | Inferior Culminat... | ,, 46.3 | | 348 33 16.1 | ,, 35 56.4 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | July 31 Mean ... | | 11 41 43.7 | 348 35 49.76 | | | 35 47.9 | | | Refract. and Reduct. | | | -2 33.63 | | | 2 33.6 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ...............11° 41' 47''.9 by 7 Observ. ### α Apodis. (Ann. Var. — 16''.154.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | July 21 | 29.59 | 49 | 11° 55' 58.4" | 56° 0.0" | 56° 4" | 56° 6.7" | | | | | | | | | | | 29.73 | 50 | 55 59.0" | 2.2" | 6.0" | 7.0" | | | 30.07 | 55 | 56 3.0" | 5.7" | 7.2" | 9.4" | | | 30.07 | 50.5 | 56 3" | 5.0" | 11.0" | 11.0" | | | 30.12 | 50 | 56 4" | 9.0" | 13.0" | 10.7" | | | 30.25 | 44 | 56 6" | 9.1" | 12.2" | 17.2" | | Aug. 1 | 30.20 | 50 | 56 9" | 12.2" | 14.0" | 16.8" | | | 30.18 | 50 | 56 6.3" | 10.5" | 9.7" | 10.0" | | | 30.18 | 52.5 | 56 7.0" | 7.7" | 8.3" | 15" | | | 29.73 | 67 | 56 2.7" | 10.0" | 10.2" | 14.7" | | | 30.04 | 55 | 56 2.3" | 12.5" | 10.0" | 10.2" | | | 29.97 | 57 | 56 2.0" | 6.0" | 6.2" | 10" | | July 30| 5...Mean...| 11 56 | 3.56 | 56 7.5" | 56 9.3" | 56 11.5" | Refract. and Reduct. -32.05 32.0 32.1 32.0 Superior Culminat. 11 55 31.51" 55 35.5" 55 37.2" 55 39.5" Inferior Culminat... 348 32 1.5" 31 55.7" 32 3.2" 31 52.5" Half Diff. S. P. D. 11 41 45.0" 41 49.9" 41 47.0" 41 53.5" Mean of 4 Microscopes .................11° 41' 48''.85 by 25 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of α Apodis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 11° 41' 48''.66 by 32 Observ. ### β Hydri. (Ann. Var. + 19''.972.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | May 28 | 30.03 | 46 | 11° 45' 41.1" | | | | | | | | | | | 29.88 | 38 | 45 52.0" | | | 29.80 | 52 | 45 52" | | | 29.97 | 42 | 45 54" | | | 30.05 | 35 | 45 51.0" | | | 30.00 | 36 | 45 56.0" | | | 29.74 | 41 | 46 4.0" | | | 29.68 | 39 | 46 8.0" | | June 13| Mean ...| 11 45 | 54.76" | 45 37.8" | 46 12.3" | 46 1.65" | Refract. and Reduct. +0 28.69 0 28.7" 0 28.7" 0 28.7" Superior Culminat. 11 46 23.45" 46 6.5" 46 41.0" 46 30.35" Inferior Culminat... 348 13 25.0" 13 9.3" 13 41.3" 13 21.6" Half Diff. S. P. D. 11 46 29.2" .......... 46 29.8" 46 34.4" Mean of 4 Microscopes..............11° 46' 31''.15 by 14 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **β Hydri. (Ann. Var. + 19'.972.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | July 4 | inches. | 29.93 | 35 | 49 42 4.3 | 41 48.7 | 42 28 | 42 6 | | 5 | | 29.90 | 36.2 | „ 12.3 | „ 23 | „ 8 | | 7 | | 29.41 | 42 | „ 17.0 | „ 16.3 | „ 9.5 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | June 30 | inches. | 26 | 13 7.0 | 12 51.8 | 13 17.4 | 13 17.0 | | July 3 | | 30.032 | 53 | „ 8.0 | „ 50.0 | „ 20.0 | „ 27.7 | | 5 | | 29.91 | 46 | „ 5.5 | „ 55.0 | „ 24.5 | „ 21.7 | | 6 | | 29.86 | 55.7 | „ 2.0 | „ 44.0 | „ 10.0 | „ 18.0 | | 7 | | 29.40 | 48.0 | „ 3.0 | „ 55 | „ 14.3 | „ 19.0 | | 10 | | 30.16 | 52 | „ 9.0 | „ 59 | „ 28 | „ 14.0 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........11° 46' 35".85 by 9 Observ. #### 1823. | 1823. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | May 27 | inches. | 29.63 | 55.2 | 147 44 1.8 | „ 44 47.5 | „ 44 29.5 | | 29 | | 29.73 | 36.3 | „ 43 55.5 | „ 47.2 | „ 23.0 | | June 9 | | 29.99 | 43.5 | „ 44 7.8 | „ 57.6 | „ 33.5 | | 13 | | 29.89 | 49 | „ 44 14.0 | „ 55.2 | „ 37.8 | | 15 | | 29.78 | 48 | „ 44 9.1 | „ 16.7 | „ 56.5 | „ 33.5 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........11° 46' 30".3 by 6 Observ. #### 1826. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | May 20 | inches. | 30.08 | 33 | 12 27 58.5 | 28 0.8 | „ 28 4.8 | | 25 | | 30.22 | 41 | „ 28 3.0 | „ 5.0 | „ 13.0 | | 29 | | 30.33 | 46 | „ 28 8 | „ 12.3 | „ 11.0 | | 30 | | 30.24 | 39.2 | „ 28 6.0 | „ 5.0 | „ 12.0 | | June 5 | | 29.94 | 34 | „ 28 12.0 | „ 16.5 | „ 22.1 | | 7 | | 29.87 | 43 | „ 28 8.0 | „ 12.0 | „ 28 17 | „ 19.7 | | 8 | | 29.95 | 35 | „ 28 7.0 | „ 15.0 | „ 16 | „ 18.5 | | 9 | | 30.00 | 34.7 | „ 28 14.3 | „ 13.2 | „ 16.4 | „ 11.5 | | 10 | | 30.56 | 35 | „ 28 8.3 | „ 15.0 | „ 10.0 | „ 17.1 | | 11 | | 30.20 | 31.7 | „ 28 8.0 | „ 9.0 | „ 8.0 | „ 17.5 | | 13 | | 30.23 | 31.5 | „ 28 12.3 | „ 20.0 | „ 25.0 | „ 24.3 | | 15 | | 30.18 | 32.0 | „ 28 17.5 | „ 19.0 | „ 15.8 | „ 17.3 | | 19 | | 30.05 | 39.0 | „ 28 14.0 | „ 13.0 | „ 22.8 | | 20 | | 29.99 | 42.0 | „ 28 12.0 | „ 15.8 | „ 23.5 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........11° 46' 35".76 by 28 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. **β Hydri. (Ann. Var. + 19''.972.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 11 | 29.75 | 33 | 12 28'11" | 28 7'7" | 28 19.1" | | 12 | 29.93 | 32.2 | " 15" | " 13.8" | " 17.0" | | 15 | 30.09 | 32.0 | " 15" | " 14.0" | " 21.0" | | 25 | 29.70 | 38 | " 17.7" | " 20.0" | " 18.5" | | 27 | 29.89 | 44 | " 12.0" | " 13.0" | " 12.5" | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 6 | 30.053| 49.5 | 348 56'47.3" | 56 37.0" | 56 43.1" | 56 38" | | 10 | 29.83 | 46.5 | " 39.0" | " 36.5" | " 41.7" | " 33.5" | | 12 | 29.84 | 53.0 | " 41.0" | " 37.0" | " 40.0" | " 35.3" | | 13 | 30.06 | 50 | " 45.7" | " 43.0" | " 44.6" | " 44.0" | #### July 18... Mean ... Refract. — Reduct. Superior Culminat. Inferior Culminat. Half. Diff. S. P. D. Mean of 4 Microscopes............. 11° 46' 35''.45 by 9 Observ. #### Mean Inside Temperature 57°.3. #### Mean of 4 Microscopes.................. 11° 46' 34''.46 by 19 Observ. #### 1827. #### Superior Culmination. | 1827. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | May | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | 5 | 30.128| 39.5 | 12 2 27" | 2 30.5" | 2 29.5" | 2 22.8" | | 7 | 30.163| 57.0 | " 24" | " 25.0" | " 30.0" | " 37.0" | | 8 | 30.145| 58.0 | " 25.5" | " 23.7" | " 36.0" | " 45.0" | | 15 | 30.123| 57.4 | " 26.5" | " 36.8" | " 36.0" | " 40.0" | | 16 | 30.000| 53 | " 27.0" | " 27.5" | " 33.0" | " 46.5" | | 19 | 30.053| 43.5 | " 29.3" | " 37.0" | " 41.5" | " 43.7" | | 23 | 30.185| 55 | " 27.5" | " 44.0" | " 34.0" | " 39.0" | | 24 | 30.176| 55 | " 29.7" | " 36.2" | " 40.5" | " 45.5" | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1827. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | Apr. 29 | 30.084| 55.7 | 348 30'39" | 30 47.3" | 30 40.3" | 30 24.0" | | May 3 | 29.864| 52.0 | " 40" | " 42.7" | " 46.0" | " 22.0" | | 5 | 29.98 | 54 | " 46" | " 45.0" | " 50.3" | " 23.0" | | 7 | 30.07 | 59.2 | " 38" | " 42.3" | " 51.6" | " 27.0" | | 10 | 30.17 | 54.0 | " 39.7" | " 41.5" | " 45.5" | " 47.0" | | 16 | 30.01 | 56 | " 35.8" | " 37.0" | " 44.0" | " 38.0" | | 19 | 30.02 | 51 | " 40.0" | " 39.0" | " 48.2" | " 38.0" | | 20 | 30.015| 52.5 | " 33.0" | " 38.8" | " 44.0" | " 35" | | 21 | 30.13 | 55.5 | " 21.3" | " 22.0" | " 31.0" | " 23" | | 22 | 30.08 | 58.0 | " 37.0" | " 29.4" | " 45.0" | " 40.2" | | 25 | 30.07 | 53 | " 38.5" | " 40.3" | " 51.0" | " 39.6" | #### May 14.5...Mean... Refract. + Reduct. Superior Culminat. Inferior Culminat. Half. Diff. S. P. D. Mean of 4 Microscopes............. 11° 46' 34''.46 by 19 Observ. #### Mean Inside Temperature 56°.2. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **β Hydri. (Ann. Var. + 19''.972.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |--------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches | ° | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 24 | 30.176 | 53 | 12 2 29.7 | 2 36.2 | 2 40.5 | 2 45.5 | | June | 30.222 | 54 | " 44.0 | " 41.5 | 2 43.0 | | | | 30.172 | 45 | " 40.0 | 2 53.0 | 2 54.2 | 2 2.0 | | | 30.004 | 40 | " 40.5 | 2 44.0 | 2 53.8 | 2 58.0 | | | 29.85 | 47 | " 39.0 | " 53.0 | 2 56.0 | | | July | 29.95 | 51 | " 41.3 | " 50 | 2 58.0 | | | | 30.30 | 37 | " 45.5 | 2 59.2 | 2 58 | 3 0.0 | | | 30.35 | 38.5 | " 44.2 | 3 0.0 | 2 51.8 | 2 3.0 | | | 30.333 | 47.0 | " 43.0 | 2 58.7 | 2 52 | 3 1.2 | | | 30.125 | 47 | " 45.5 | 2 50.0 | 2 49 | 2 58.7 | | | 30.024 | 50.3 | " 40.7 | 2 55 | 2 52 | 2 54 | | | 30.01 | 44 | " 43 | " 53.1 | 2 58.7 | | | | 29.69 | 39 | " 40.8 | 2 57.0 | 2 51.0 | 2 1.7 | | | 29.90 | 39.5 | " 42.5 | 2 57.7 | 2 50.0 | 2 56.0 | | | 29.92 | 37.0 | " 40.0 | 2 50.5 | 2 55.0 | 2 55.5 | | | 29.93 | 47.5 | " 41.0 | 2 47.2 | 2 48 | 2 57.0 | | July | 1... Mean ... | 12 2 41.3 | 2 52.4 | 2 50.8 | 2 56.7 | | Refract. + Reduct. | -1 11.1 | 1 11.1 | 1 11.1 | 1 11.1 | | Superior Culminat. | 12 1 30.2 | 1 41.3 | 1 39.7 | 1 45.6 | | Inferior Culminat. | 348 28 27.0 | 28 27.0 | 28 31.1 | 28 25.0 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 11 46 31.6 | 46 37.1 | 46 34.3 | 46 40.3 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |--------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches | ° | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 25 | 30.072 | 53 | 348 30 58.5 | 30 40.3 | 30 51.0 | 30 39.6 | | June | 30.181 | 48 | " 40.0 | 36.3 | 46.0 | 37.4 | | | 30.30 | 49 | " 33.5 | 36.6 | 37.3 | 36.2 | | | 30.212 | 50.3 | " 36.0 | 40.5 | 46.0 | | | | 30.269 | 51.0 | " 34.7 | 38.6 | 41.4 | 37.5 | | | 29.898 | 56 | " 34.0 | 35.0 | 40.0 | 33.8 | | | 30.232 | 46 | " 37.0 | 38.7 | 40.0 | 35.0 | | | 29.83 | 54.5 | " 35.0 | 36.1 | 41.0 | 33.4 | | | 29.86 | 61.0 | " 39.5 | 38.7 | 40.0 | 38.0 | | | 30.05 | 48 | " 38.0 | 38.5 | 41.5 | 32.0 | | | 29.93 | 44.7 | " 38.0 | 33.8 | 45.5 | 36.0 | | | 30.01 | 46.5 | " 38.0 | 33.3 | 39.3 | 35.3 | | July | 30.14 | 48.5 | " 37.0 | 38.5 | 38.2 | 33.0 | | | 30.34 | 48 | " 38.7 | 38.2 | 40.0 | | | | 30.37 | 48 | " 41.2 | 42.8 | 42.0 | 37.0 | | | 30.13 | 53 | " 37.0 | 31.4 | 35.7 | 30.7 | | | 30.06 | 52 | " 37.0 | 35.5 | 38.0 | 33.2 | | June | 21... Mean ... | 348 30 37.24 | 30 37.22 | 30 41.35 | 30 35.21 | | Refract.and Reduct. | -2 10.23 | 2 10.23 | 2 10.23 | 2 10.23 | | Superior Culminat. | 348 28 27.0 | 28 27.0 | 28 31.1 | 28 25.0 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 11 46 33.7 | 46 34.4 | 46 36.1 | 46 42.1 | Mean of 4 Microscopes.............11° 46' 36''.84 by 33 Observ. --- #### 1828. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |--------|--------|--------|--------------| | Apr. | 29.85 | 66.2 | 12 1 20.0 | 1 16.2 | 1 30.3 | 1 23.0 | | | 29.94 | 62.0 | " 12.7 | " 13.5 | " 22.5 | " 15.3 | | | 30.14 | 57.0 | " 11.3 | " 28.5 | " 19.0 | " 11.7 | | May | 29.88 | 57.0 | " 18.7 | " 23.0 | " 30.4 | " 20.0 | | | 29.78 | 62.3 | " 15.6 | " 16.2 | " 25.0 | " 14.7 | | | 29.80 | 70 | " 12.7 | " 14.4 | " 18.0 | " 14.0 | | May 2... Mean ... | 12 1 15.2 | 1 18.6 | 1 24.2 | 1 24.7 | | Refract.and Reduct. | -1 14.4 | 1 14.4 | 1 14.4 | 1 14.4 | | Superior Culminat. | 12 0 0.8 | 0 4.2 | 0 9.8 | 0 10.3 | | Inferior Culminat... | 348 26 53.4 | 26 55.3 | 26 57.6 | 26 46.0 | | Half. Diff. S. P. D. | 11 46 33.7 | 46 34.4 | 46 36.1 | 46 42.1 | Mean of 4 Microscopes.............11° 46' 36''.6 by 17 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I | II | III | IV | |--------|--------|--------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | May 13 | 29.88 | 70 | 12 | 14.0 | 1 | 22.8 | | | | | | | 1 | 21.3 | | | | | | | 1 | 16.0 | | May 15 | 30.08 | 51.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 17 | 30.14 | 43.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 18 | 30.27 | 44 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 19 | 30.43 | 44.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 20 | 30.41 | 52 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 24 | 30.24 | 48 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 28 | 29.892 | 38 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 29 | 29.83 | 38.2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 30 | 29.80 | 39 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I | II | III | IV | |--------|--------|--------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | May 12 | 29.67 | 76 | 348 | 28 | 38 | 28 | | | | | 43 | 28 | 45 | 28 | | | | | 32.5 | | | | | May 13 | 29.78 | 70 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 14 | 29.88 | 66 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 15 | 29.98 | 51.7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 16 | 30.05 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 18 | 30.11 | 50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 19 | 30.34 | 42.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 20 | 30.37 | 47.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 23 | 30.22 | 55.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 24 | 30.23 | 56 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 25 | 30.14 | 56 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 27 | 29.99 | 52 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 28 | 29.87 | 50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 29 | 29.84 | 47 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 30 | 29.79 | 51 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ### Mean of 4 Microscopes - **Superior Culmination**: $11^\circ 46' 36''$.6 by 25 Observ. - **Inferior Culmination**: $11^\circ 46' 38''$.61 by 24 Observ. --- ### Mean S. P. D. of $\beta$ Hydri, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . . $11^\circ 46' 35''$.75 by 184 Observ. ### 1 δ Apodis. (Ann. Var. — 10''.405.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug.21 | inches. | 29.84 | 54 | 43 42 40.3 | 42 43 | 42 37.5 | | Aug.24 | 30.09 | 59 | " " 43.7 | " " 48.2 | " " 35.5 | | Aug.27 | 29.54 | 54.5 | " " 35.0 | " " 49.0 | " " 37.0 | Mean S. P. D. of 1 δ Apodis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 11° 45' 23''.33 by 6 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug.21 | inches. | 30.00 | 37.5 | 26 12 20.0 | 12 51.7 | 12 33.7 | 12 25.4 | | Aug.24 | 30.13 | 40.6 | " " 14.0 | " " 50.0 | " " 29.0 | " " 22.3 | | Aug.27 | 29.55 | 43 | " " 10.5 | " " 46.2 | " " 25.4 | " " 17.5 | Mean S. P. D. of 1 δ Apodis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 11° 45' 23''.33 by 6 Observ. ### 2 δ Apodis. (Ann. Var. — 10''.405.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug.22 | inches. | 29.88 | 52 | 43 44 21 | 44 43 | 44 27 | 44 17.5 | | Aug.23 | 29.99 | 56.7 | " " 15.7 | " " 27.8 | " " 16.0 | | Aug.24 | 30.09 | 57.1 | " " 13.5 | " " 21.2 | " " 16.5 | Mean S. P. D. of 2 δ Apodis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 11° 47' 3''.46 by 5 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug.22 | inches. | 29.93 | 49 | 26 10 32.5 | 11 2.6 | 10 46 | 10 44.5 | | Aug.23 | 30.00 | 37.2 | " " 33.5 | " " 4.8 | " " 45.5 | " " 41.0 | Mean S. P. D. of 2 δ Apodis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 11° 47' 3''.46 by 5 Observ. ### θ Octantis. (Ann. Var. + 19''.999.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1823. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | June 13 | inches. | 29.89 | 48.8 | 147 56 48 | 57 30.3 | 57 13.6 | | June 15 | 29.72 | 50 | 147 56 38 | 57 28.7 | 56 58.1 | Mean S. P. D. of θ Octantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 11° 59' 1''.25 by 3 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | Aug. 29 | 29.67 | 55.5 | I. II. III. IV. | | | | | 50 48 46 50 27.2 48 54 48 53.5 | | | | | 50 27.6 48 53 48 51.0 | | | | | 47 58.7 | | | | | Refract. + Reduct. -1 14.55 | | | | | Superior Culminat. 50 47 30.75 | | | | | Inferior Culminat. 25 4 1.6 | | | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. 12 51 44.0 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........12° 51' 43''.45 by 10 Observ. ### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | Aug. 27 | 29.56 | 41 | I. II. III. IV. | | | | | 6 24.2 6 16 | | | | | 7 51 25.5 20.3 | | | | | 25 20 | | | | | 5 35.9 21.7 11.5 | | | | | 5 35.0 24.0 10.8 | | | | | 5 38 30.6 17.8 | | | | | Sept. 2.5...Mean... 25 6 11.9 | | | | | 7 51.0 6 25.2 6 16.1 | | | | | 5 36.3 | | | | | Refract. - Reduct. -2 10.3 | | | | | 2 10.3 2 10.3 | | | | | 25 4 1.6 | | | | | 4 14.9 4 5.8 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........12° 51' 43''.25 by 10 Observ. ### 1826 | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | Aug. 12 | 30.06 | 54 | I. II. III. IV. | | | | | 13 33 22 33 22.6 | | | | | 33 13.4 33 22.6 | | | | | 17.0 15.0 22.0 | | | | | 20.0 15.7 15.0 | | | | | 22.1 18.0 18.5 | | | | | 15.0 10.7 13.5 | | | | | 16.0 13.0 16.3 | | | | | Aug. 25... Mean ... 13 33 19.4 | | | | | 33 16.4 33 11.7 33 18.0 | | | | | Refract.and Reduct. -50.2 | | | | | 50.1 50.2 50.1 | | | | | Superior Culminat. 13 32 29.2 | | | | | 32 26.3 32 21.5 32 27.9 | | | | | Inferior Culminat... 347 49 3.9 | | | | | 48 57.2 49 0.7 48 58.1 | | | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. 12 51 42.6 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........12° 51' 43''.25 by 10 Observ. ### 1827 | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | Aug. 21 | 30.043 | 51 | I. II. III. IV. | | | | | 13 7 24 7 25.6 7 31.7 7 35.0 | | | | | 21 27.3 28.0 36.0 | | | | | 26 28.5 29.5 31.2 | | | | | 26 25.5 20.0 36.0 | | | | | Aug.26... Mean ... 13 7 24.25 | | | | | 7 26.72 7 27.3 7 34.55 | | | | | Refract.and Reduct. -45.28 | | | | | 45.28 45.3 45.28 | | | | | Superior Culminat. 13 6 38.97 | | | | | 6 41.44 6 42.0 6 49.27 | | | | | Inferior Culminat... 347 23 15.64 | | | | | 23 15.66 23 17.4 23 17.64 | | | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. 12 51 41.66 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........12° 51' 43''.17 by 8 Observ. ### β Apodis. (Ann. Var. — 8''.600.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 17 | inches | 29.48 | 62.7 | 13 6 4 6 5.5 6 3.3 6 11.4 | | Aug. 20 | inches | 30.09 | 38.3 | 347 24 44 24 42 24 44.3 24 38.7 | | 20 | 30.10 | 63.3 | 5 59 | 5 59.0 | 1.5 | 3.0 | | 21 | 30.09 | 56 | 6 1 | 5 58.5 | 0.5 | 4.2 | | 25 | 29.71 | 70 | 5 55.3 | 5 55.0 | 53.0 | 2.0 | | 26 | 29.82 | 65 | 5 49.0 | 5 52 | 52.7 | 58.0 | | 27 | 29.93 | 63 | 5 53.0 | 5 56 | 57.0 | 57.5 | | 28 | 30.27 | 54 | 5 50.5 | 5 55 | 53.5 | 57.0 | | 29 | 30.105 | 61.3 | 5 53.5 | 5 53.5 | 54.0 | 56 | | 30 | 30.24 | 64.7 | 5 52.0 | 5 53.5 | 57.0 | 57.3 | | Sept. 1 | 30.20 | 70 | 5 54.0 | 5 52.3 | 56 | 58 | | 2 | 30.15 | 67 | 5 51.0 | 5 52.0 | 49.5 | 54 | | Sept. 26 | Mean... | 13 5 54.7 | 5 56 | 5 56 | 5 59.8 | | Refract. — Reduct. | —37.4 | 37.5 | 37.5 | 37.5 | | Superior Culminat. | 13 5 17.3 | 5 18.5 | 5 18.5 | 5 22.3 | | Inferior Culminat. | 347 21 49.8 | 21 49.2 | 21 48.5 | 21 44.3 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 12 51 43.7 | 51 44.6 | 51 45.0 | 51 49.0 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..................12° 51' 45''.6 by 26 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of β Apodis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 12° 51' 44''.44 by 54 Observ. ### α Chamæleontis. (Ann. Var. — 11''.69.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Apr. 25 | inches | 30.01 | 5.9 | 13 51 19.7 | 51 27.2 | 51 25.7 | 51 20.7 | | Apr. 25 | inches | 30.00 | 47.5 | 346 39 5 | 39 2.7 | 59 3.5 | 38 35 | | 26 | 29.92 | 60.5 | 16.4 | 29.4 | 28.1 | 22 | | 27 | 29.82 | 62.2 | 20.6 | 27.0 | 25.0 | 25 | | 29 | 30.06 | 60.3 | 25.0 | 33.1 | 29 | 27.0 | | 30 | 30.10 | 61.2 | 16.0 | 24.4 | 25 | 23 | | May 1 | 30.23 | 60 | 14.1 | 26.3 | 24 | 22.4 | | 8 | 29.71 | 57 | 27.8 | 26.6 | 26.3 | 21.9 | | 9 | 29.65 | 65.8 | 17.0 | 29.8 | 27.0 | 22.3 | | 11 | 29.71 | 74 | 18.0 | 27.0 | 24 | 22.2 | | May 2 | Mean ... | 13 51 19.4 | 51 27.87 | 51 25.8 | 51 23 | | Refract. — Reduct. | —29.7 | 29.7 | 29.7 | 29.7 | | Superior Culminat. | 13 50 49.7 | 50 58.17 | 50 56.1 | 50 53.3 | | Inferior Culminat. | 346 36 3.6 | 36 4.9 | 36 5.6 | 35 58.9 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 13 37 22.55 | 37 26.6 | 37 25.7 | 37 27.2 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...............13° 37' 25''.52 by 18 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of α Chamæleontis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 13° 37' 25''.52 by 18 Observ. ### γ Hydri. (Ann. Var. + 10''.7.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |---------|--------|--------|-------------| | July 30 | 30.36 | 32 | 55 55 58.2 | | Aug. 3 | 29.92 | 41.5 | 56.4 51.0 | | 10 | 29.85 | 43.5 | 51.0 48.0 | | 12 | 30.05 | 45.0 | 50.0 52.3 | | 18 | 29.75 | 43 | 52.3 48 | | 19 | 29.77 | 42 | 48.0 47.5 | | 25 | 29.96 | 39.5 | 52 50.0 | | Sept. 1 | 29.90 | 50 | 52 48 | | 2 | 29.88 | 45.5 | 51.0 51.0 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |---------|--------|--------|-------------| | July 17 | 30.08 | 35.5 | 345 29 39.5 | | Aug. 5 | Mean...| | 345 29 30.3 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -2 46.9 | 2 46.9 | #### Half Diff. S. P. D. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |---------|--------|--------|-------------| | July 30 | 29.81 | 54 | 15 30 9.8 | | Aug. 4 | 29.86 | 41.5 | 5.4 14.2 | | 5 | | | 10.4 10.2 | | 6 | 30.14 | 34.7 | 9.8 16.0 | | 7 | 30.25 | 43.7 | 1.8 16.0 | | 14 | 29.93 | 37 | 6.7 12.0 | | 15 | 30.18 | 39 | 7.0 13.3 | | 17 | 30.10 | 37 | 10.0 17.5 | | 18 | 29.91 | 48 | 8.0 9.3 | | 21 | 29.99 | 42 | 3.5 11.7 | | 27 | 29.77 | 39 | 2.5 9.5 | | 28 | | | 1.8 10.0 | | 30 | 30.00 | 38 | 4.5 18.2 | | Sept. 1 | 30.23 | 40 | 7.5 18.0 | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes.............15° 14' 9''.02 by 17 Observ. --- ### 1827. #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |---------|--------|--------|-------------| | July 30 | 30.01 | 68 | 345 3 28 | | Aug. 6 | 30.10 | 51 | 30.3 32.1 | | 5 | | | 10.4 10.2 | | 6 | 30.14 | 34.7 | 9.8 16.0 | | 7 | 30.25 | 43.7 | 1.8 16.0 | | 14 | 29.93 | 37 | 6.7 12.0 | | 15 | 30.18 | 39 | 7.0 13.3 | | 17 | 30.10 | 37 | 10.0 17.5 | | 18 | 29.91 | 48 | 8.0 9.3 | | 21 | 29.99 | 42 | 3.5 11.7 | | 27 | 29.77 | 39 | 2.5 9.5 | | 28 | | | 1.8 10.0 | | 30 | 30.00 | 38 | 4.5 18.2 | | Sept. 1 | 30.23 | 40 | 7.5 18.0 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |---------|--------|--------|-------------| | July 30 | 30.01 | 68 | 345 3 28 | | Aug. 6 | 30.10 | 51 | 30.3 32.1 | | 5 | | | 10.4 10.2 | | 6 | 30.14 | 34.7 | 9.8 16.0 | | 7 | 30.25 | 43.7 | 1.8 16.0 | | 14 | 29.93 | 37 | 6.7 12.0 | | 15 | 30.18 | 39 | 7.0 13.3 | | 17 | 30.10 | 37 | 10.0 17.5 | | 18 | 29.91 | 48 | 8.0 9.3 | | 21 | 29.99 | 42 | 3.5 11.7 | | 27 | 29.77 | 39 | 2.5 9.5 | | 28 | | | 1.8 10.0 | | 30 | 30.00 | 38 | 4.5 18.2 | | Sept. 1 | 30.23 | 40 | 7.5 18.0 | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes.............15° 14' 9''.02 by 23 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **γ Hydri. (Ann. Var. + 10°7.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. | inches | ° | 15 29 6 29 13.2 29 12 29 11 | | 1 | 30.234 | 35 | | | | | 2 | 30.25 | 36.5 | | | | | 3 | 30.22 | 38 | | | | | 6 | 30.07 | 40 | | | | | 8 | | | | | | Aug. 4... Mean... Refract. and Reduct. Superior Culminat. Inferior Culminat... Half Diff. S. P. D. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | July | inches | ° | 345 2 9.0 2 13.3 2 13.0 2 3.3 | | 26 | 30.22 | 49 | | | | | Aug. | 30.18 | 47 | | | | | 3 | 30.18 | 47.3 | | | | | 8 | 30.04 | 35 | | | | | 11 | 30.21 | 46.2 | | | | Aug. 4... Mean... Refract. and Reduct. Mean of 4 Microscopes .............15° 13' 10".85 by 10 Observ. #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. | inches | ° | 15 28 59 29 6.5 29 2.5 29 0.5 | | 9 | 29.800 | 43.6 | | | | | 13 | 30.055 | 40 | | | | | 15 | 29.675 | 44.5 | | | | | 16 | 29.65 | 43 | | | | | 19 | 30.102 | 35 | | | | Aug. 14... Mean... Refract. and Reduct. Superior Culminat. Inferior Culminat... Half Diff. S. P. D. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. | inches | ° | 345 2 1.2 2 2.0 2 2 1.56 | | 14 | 30.00 | 52 | | | | | 15 | 29.72 | 58 | | | | | 16 | 29.57 | 60.5 | | | | | 17 | 29.48 | 63 | | | | | 20 | 30.00 | 63 | | | | Aug. 17... Mean... Refract. and Reduct. Mean of 4 Microscopes .............15° 14' 8".97 by 10 Observ. #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. | inches | ° | 15 28 53.6 29 0.8 29 0.4 28 57.0 | | 22 | 29.99 | 41.0 | | | | | 23 | 30.05 | 40 | | | | | 25 | 29.81 | 44 | | | | | 26 | 29.87 | 44 | | | | Aug. 24... Mean... Refract. + Reduct. Superior Culminat. Inferior Culminat... Half Diff. S. P. D. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. | inches | ° | 345 1 55 1 54.8 1 55.0 1 48.0 | | 21 | 30.08 | 57 | | | | | 24 | 30.05 | 57 | | | | | 25 | 29.71 | 68 | | | | Aug. 24... Mean... Refract. and Reduct. Mean of 4 Microscopes .............15° 14' 10".39 by 7 Observ. ### γ Hydri. (Ann. Var. + 10''.7.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 27 | 30.24 | 36.2 | 15 28 53.5 | 29 3 | 29 0.5 | 28 57.5 | | Aug. 28 | 30.24 | 34.5 | " 55.5 | 29 0.7 | 29 0.0 | 28 54.5 | | Aug. 29 | 30.17 | 36.5 | " 52.0 | 29 2.0 | 29 0.5 | 29 0.0 | | Aug. 31 | 30.25 | 42 | " 52.5 | 28 58.0 | 28 55.3 | 28 54.2 | Mean S. P. D. of γ Hydri, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 15° 14' 9''.7 by 74 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 26 | 29.79 | 68.3 | 345 1 50 | 1 49 | 1 49.3 | 1 46 | | Aug. 27 | 29.93 | 63 | " 48 | " 50 | " 53.2 | " 43 | | Aug. 28 | 30.27 | 56 | " 59 | " 59.4 | " 59.0 | " 49 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ............. 15° 14' 11''.3 by 7 Observ. ### ε Pavonis. (Ann. Var. + 8''.446.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Apr. 17 | 30.07 | 49 | 16 53 48 | 53 51.0 | 53 51 | 53 51.0 | | Apr. 25 | 30.00 | 48.5 | " 46 | 51.2 | 53 55 | " 48 | | Apr. 27 | 29.78 | 48.8 | " 49 | 54.2 | 54 1 | " 53 | | May 1 | 30.27 | 48 | " 48 | 53.3 | 53 55.3 | " 49 | | May 7 | 29.87 | 46 | " 51.3 | 51.3 | 53 58.7 | " 51 | | May 10 | 29.75 | 57.5 | " 46.2 | 50.6 | 53 55.3 | " 49.2 | Mean S. P. D. of ε Pavonis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 16° 39' 6''.3 by 12 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Apr. 10 | 29.75 | 68 | 343 36 56.3 | 36 58 | 37 5 | 36 56.2 | | Apr. 11 | 29.86 | 63 | " 57 | 37 2 | 37 1.4 | " 57.0 | | Apr. 12 | 29.95 | 63.5 | " 54 | 37 0 | 37 3.5 | " 57.0 | | Apr. 14 | 30.20 | 60.2 | " 51.2 | 36 53 | 36 54 | " 48.0 | | Apr. 16 | 30.14 | 61.0 | " 56.0 | 37 2.3 | 36 59 | " 57.0 | | Apr. 20 | 29.83 | 69 | " 54.3 | 36 56.3 | 37 1.7 | " 55.0 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ............. 16° 39' 6''.3 by 12 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS #### 2 \( \alpha \) Apodis. (Ann. Var. — 12\(^{''}\).809.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | **1822.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | | Aug.11 | inches. | 30.13 | 53 | 55 | 5 24 | 5 34 | 5 24.4 | 5 27.8 | Aug.11 | inches. | 30.03 | 41.0 | 20 | 50 | 23 | 50 | 25.2 | 50 | 27.0 | 50 | 23.0 | | 12 | 29.97 | 54 | „ | „ | 26.5 | „ | 28.0 | „ | 37.0 | 12 | 29.90 | 38 | „ | „ | 25.0 | „ | 34.6 | „ | 31.7 | „ | 17.7 | | 13 | 29.82 | 55 | „ | „ | 24.2 | „ | 27.5 | „ | 19.0 | „ | 27.0 | 16 | 30.10 | 49.2 | „ | „ | 15.0 | „ | 30.2 | „ | 25.3 | „ | 12.3 | | 14 | 30.08 | 50.8 | „ | „ | 24.0 | „ | 35.5 | „ | 29.0 | „ | 22.8 | Aug.13 | Mean | „ | „ | 20 | 50 | 21.2 | 50 | 30.0 | 50 | 28.0 | 50 | 18.0 | | 15 | 30.12 | 56.4 | „ | „ | 21.2 | „ | 28.5 | „ | 19.3 | „ | 28.3 | Refract. and Reduct. | –3 | 30.8 | 3 | 30.8 | 3 | 30.8 | 3 | 30.8 | | Aug.13 | Mean | „ | „ | 55 | 5 | 24.0 | 5 | 33.2 | 5 | 23.9 | 5 | 28.6 | 20 | 46 | 50.2 | 46 | 59.2 | 46 | 57.2 | 46 | 47.2 | | Refract. + Reduct. | –1 | 30.7 | 1 | 30.7 | 1 | 30.7 | 1 | 30.7 | | Superior Culminat. | 55 | 3 | 53.3 | 4 | 2.5 | 3 | 53.2 | 3 | 57.9 | | Inferior Culminat... | 20 | 46 | 50.2 | 46 | 59.2 | 46 | 57.2 | 46 | 47.2 | | Half. Diff. S. P. D. | 17 | 8 | 31.5 | 8 | 31.6 | 8 | 28.0 | 8 | 35.4 | Mean S. P. D. of 2 \( \alpha \) Apodis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 17° 8' 31''.64 by 8 Observ. --- ### 1 \( \alpha \) Apodis. (Ann. Var. — 13''.346.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | **1822.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | | Aug.12 | inches. | 29.97 | 54 | 55 | 10 | 34.6 | 10 | 44.4 | 10 | 35.5 | 10 | 33.0 | Aug.11 | inches. | 30.02 | 41.5 | 20 | 45 | 18.5 | 45 | 20.5 | 45 | 18.3 | 45 | 12 | | 13 | 29.82 | 55 | „ | „ | 32.7 | „ | 44.5 | „ | 28.4 | „ | 30.0 | 12 | 29.90 | 38 | „ | „ | 12.0 | „ | 22.7 | „ | 17.6 | „ | 12 | | 14 | 30.08 | 50.8 | „ | „ | 32.4 | „ | 46.0 | „ | 30.0 | „ | 41.0 | 16 | 30.10 | 49.2 | „ | „ | 6.0 | „ | 15.4 | „ | 16.4 | „ | 9 | | 15 | 30.12 | 56.4 | „ | „ | 27.4 | „ | 35.2 | „ | 24.5 | „ | 35 | 26 | 29.55 | 44 | „ | „ | 3.0 | „ | 34.0 | „ | 8.5 | „ | 3 | | Aug.13 | Mean | „ | „ | 55 | 10 | 31.8 | 10 | 42.5 | 10 | 29.6 | 10 | 37.3 | Aug.16 | Mean | „ | „ | 20 | 45 | 9.9 | 45 | 23.1 | 45 | 15.2 | 45 | 9.0 | | Refract. and Reduct. | –1 | 33.2 | 1 | 33.3 | 1 | 33.2 | 1 | 33.2 | Refract. and Reduct. | –2 | 28.3 | 2 | 28.4 | 2 | 28.3 | 2 | 28.4 | | Superior Culminat. | 55 | 8 | 58.6 | 9 | 9.2 | 8 | 56.4 | 9 | 4.1 | | Inferior Culminat... | 20 | 42 | 41.6 | 42 | 54.7 | 42 | 46.9 | 42 | 40.6 | | Half. Diff. S. P. D. | 17 | 13 | 8.5 | 13 | 7.2 | 13 | 4.8 | 13 | 11.7 | Mean S. P. D. of 1 \( \alpha \) Apodis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 17° 13' 8''.1 by 8 Observ. ### δ Muscæ. (Ann. Var. — 19''.528.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 28 | 30.04 | 51.0 | 19° 24' 53.5" | 24° 32.6" | 25° 2.5" | 24° 58.0" | | June 1 | 29.58 | 53.0 | " " 52" | 42" | 5.5 | 24 52.2" | | 2 | 29.85 | 51.0 | " " 54" | " | 5.7 | 24 56.0" | | 10 | 29.80 | 45 | " " 58" | 46.7" | 8.8 | 25 5.7" | | 14 | 29.95 | 51 | " " 55.7" | 40.0" | 6.5 | 24 53.0" | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | June 20| 30.00 | 30.6 | 31° 39' 29.0" | 39° 13.5" | 39° 44.6" | 39° 34.7" | | Refract. and Reduct. | -2 | 28.2 | 2 28.2" | 2 28.2" | 2 28.2" | 2 28.2" | | 340 | 37 | 0.8 | 36 45.3" | 37 16.4" | 37 6.5" | Mean S. P. D of δ Muscæ, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 19° 22' 52''.0 by 6 Observ. ### γ Piscis Volantis. (Ann. Var. — 6''.034.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Mar. 29| 29.85 | 67.5 | 20° 0' 42" | 0° 36.4" | 0° 50" | 0° 40.0" | | Apr. | 29.67 | 69 | " " 38" | 44.7" | 41.7" | | 2 | 29.61 | 73.5 | " " 40.2" | 35.0" | 46.0" | 39.5" | | 4 | 30.02 | 54 | " " 43" | 37.0" | 52" | 40.7" | | 5 | 30.12 | 63 | " " 41.0" | 41.7" | 50.3" | 41.0" | | 6 | 30.20 | 62.5 | " " 42.0" | 40.5" | 48.7" | 39.7" | | 7 | 30.14 | 66.5 | " " 39" | 39" | 50.2" | 39.2" | | 10 | 29.75 | 71 | " " 34.8" | 36.1" | 44.7" | 35.1" | | 11 | 29.83 | 64.3 | " " 33.9" | 28.2" | 37.9" | 29.7" | | 12 | 29.95 | 63.5 | " " 30.0" | 27.5" | 40.1" | 28.9" | | 14 | 30.20 | 61.5 | " " 24.3" | 23.0" | 34" | 24.0" | | 16 | 30.14 | 62 | " " 36.0" | 35.0" | 42.1" | 32.7" | | 18 | 30.06 | 60 | " " 35.0" | 32.3" | 45.0" | 32.7" | | 26 | 29.92 | 66 | " " 37.3" | 27.0" | 42" | 29.3" | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Apr. | 30.05 | 53 | 340° 30' 55.8" | 31° 0.2" | 31° 1.4" | 31° 2.0" | | 8 | 29.82 | 55 | " " 55" | 30° 55.5" | 31° 0.2" | 30° 58.5" | | 9 | 29.73 | 53 | " " 49.7" | 30° 49.7" | 30° 55.0" | 30° 55.0" | | 10 | 29.85 | 47.5 | " " 58.0" | 31° 6.6" | 30° 57.0" | 31° 0.0" | | 11 | 29.88 | 49.7 | " " 48.3" | 30° 58.0" | 30° 56.5" | 30° 54.5" | | 27 | 29.78 | 49 | " " 51.5" | 30° 57.0" | 30° 56.1" | 30° 52.4" | | May | 30.27 | 48 | " " 52.7" | 30° 57.5" | 30° 57.0" | 30° 54.0" | | Apr. | 30.05 | 53 | 340° 30' 53.0" | 30° 57.8" | 30° 57.6" | 30° 56.6" | | Refract. + Reduct. | -4 | 16.9 | 4 16.9" | 4 16.9" | 4 16.9" | 4 16.9" | | 340 | 26 | 36.1 | 26 40.9" | 26 40.7" | 26 39.7" | Mean S. P. D. of γ Piscis Volantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . 19° 46' 53''.6 by 21 Obs. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **δ Hydri. (Ann. Var. + 16''.458.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 12 | 29.93 | 37 | 20 47 49.2 | 47 54.7 | 47 55.3 | 47 56.3 | | 13 | 29.91 | 31 | " 53 | " 58.0 | 48 1.0 | " 56.0 | | 14 | 30.01 | 39.5 | " 50.7 | " 54.0 | 47 58.7 | " 51.0 | | 18 | 30.02 | 36.5 | " 52.0 | " 56.5 | 47 57.2 | " 55.0 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 15 | 30.00 | 51.5 | 339 43 31.0 | 43 32.1 | 43 33.1 | 43 40 | | 16 | 29.83 | 57.0 | " 29.0 | " 32.0 | " 32.0 | " 36 | | 17 | 29.65 | 63.0 | " 28.3 | " 30.0 | " 30.0 | " 36.5 | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes .................20° 33' 23''.0 by 7 Observ. #### Superior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 14 | 20 47 51.2 | 47 55.8 | 47 58.0 | 47 54.6 | | Refract. — Reduct. | -1 8.3 | 1 8.4 | 1 8.3 | 1 8.4 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 16 | 339 43 29.5 | 43 31.4 | 43 31.4 | 43 37.5 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -3 31.9 | 3 31.9 | 3 31.9 | 3 31.9 | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes .................20° 33' 23''.0 by 7 Observ. #### Mean S. P. D. of δ Hydri, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . 20° 33' 23''.16 by 28 Observ. ### ω Argus. (Ann. Var. — 17⅔.735.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1827. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | June 1 | 30.30 | 58.5 | 21 4 11.5 4 22 4 24 4 25.6 | | 13 | 30.02 | 58 | „ 12.5 „ 18 „ 25.8 „ 29.3 | | 14 | 29.79 | 57 | „ 14.5 „ 19.5 „ 27.0 „ 30.0 | June 9... Mean ... Refract. and Reduct. | | | | 21 4 12.8 4 19.8 4 25.8 4 28.3 | | | | | –25.0 25.0 –25.0 25.0 | Superior Culminat. Inferior Culminat... | | | | 21 3 47.8 3 54.8 4 0.8 4 3.3 | | | | | 339 26 1.6 26 5.8 26 19.6 26 20.2 | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | | 20 48 53.1 48 54.5 48 50.6 48 51.6 | Mean S. P. D. of ω Argus, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 20° 48' 52" .45 by 4 Observ. ### β Argus. (Ann. Var. — 14⅔.834.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | May 3 | 30.12 | 56 | 21 0 55.3 1 56 0 54.5 0 48.7 | | 7 | 29.97 | 64.3 | „ 1 1.9 „ 53 „ 59.2 „ 45.6 | | 9 | 29.86 | 60.5 | „ 0 55 „ 8 „ 56 „ 48 | May 6... Mean ... Refract. and Reduct. | | | | 21 0 57.4 0 56.6 0 47.4 | | | | | –1 43.6 1 45.6 1 45.6 | Superior Culminat. Inferior Culminat... | | | | 20 59 12.8 „ 59 11.0 59 1.8 | | | | | 339 0 14.8 „ 0 20.6 0 13.8 | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | | 20 59 29.0 59 26.3 59 25.2 59 24.0 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..............20° 59' 26" .12 by 6 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | May 3 | 30.09 | 49 | 339 3 23 4 25.3 3 30.9 3 24.2 | | 7 | 29.89 | 53 | „ 13.5 3 36 „ 27.7 „ 15.0 | | 9 | 30.05 | 41 | „ 33.7 3 46 „ 29.0 „ 25.0 | May 7... Mean ... Refract. and Reduct. | | | | 339 3 23.4 3 29.2 3 21.4 | | | | | –3 8.6 3 8.6 3 8.6 | Superior Culminat. Inferior Culminat... | | | | 339 0 14.8 0 20.6 0 13.8 | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | | 20 59 29.0 59 26.3 59 25.2 59 24.0 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..............20° 59' 26" .12 by 6 Observ. MDCCXXXIX. ### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | Aug. 31 | 29.89 | 60 | 58 57'18" | 57 20'8" | 57 26'7" | | | Sept. 4 | 29.80 | 64 | 19.2 | 56 45" | 22 | 26.0 | | | 29.56 | 66 | 20.5 | 41.8 | 18.4 | 19.5 | | | 30.027 | 60.5 | 31.0 | 51.7 | 30.3 | 32.0 | | | 29.38 | 61.5 | 29.0 | 54.5 | 27.5 | 26.3 | | | 29.87 | 54.8 | 31.8 | 57.2 | 31.3 | 33.0 | | | 29.92 | 57.0 | 34.0 | 52.1 | 32.2 | 29 | | | 29.84 | 59.7 | 27.0 | 53.8 | 32.2 | 28.3 | | | 29.56 | 70.5 | 29.5 | 52.4 | 29.3 | 23.5 | | | 29.57 | 63.7 | 23.7 | 32 | 24 | 26 | | | 29.59 | 63 | 25.8 | 42.8 | 25.3 | 25.8 | | | 29.82 | 67 | 21.7 | 40.7 | 28.4 | 21.1 | | | 29.91 | 62 | 28 | 40.5 | 27.9 | 26.0 | | | 29.77 | 61.5 | 25.6 | 47.1 | 32.8 | 24.1 | | | 29.61 | 83.7 | 33.0 | 51.6 | 32.2 | 27 | | | 29.57 | 63 | 24.6 | 48.5 | 34.4 | 30.7 | | Oct. 1 | 29.60 | 66.2 | 29.0 | 48.5 | 34 | 30 | | | 29.70 | 62.5 | 28.7 | 47.5 | 33 | 31 | | | 29.88 | 62.5 | 29.5 | 45 | 35 | 30.3 | | | 30.01 | 63 | 29.5 | 50 | 35 | 29.0 | **Mean... Refract. and Reduct.** | | | | 58 57'26.9" | 56 47.5" | 57 29.3" | 57 27.2" | | | | | -2 12.1" | 2 12.1" | 2 12.1" | 2 12.1" | **Superior Culminat.** | | | | 58 55'14.8" | 54 35.4" | 55 17.2" | 55 15.1" | **Inferior Culminat.** | | | | 16 56'22.5" | 55 42.3" | 56 40.1" | 56 17.3" | **Half Diff. S. P. D.** | | | | 20 59'26.15" | 59 26.55" | 59 18.5" | 59 28.9" | --- ### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | Sept. 16 | 29.84 | 49 | 16 58'56.8" | 58 25" | 59 19.6" | 58 54.2" | | | 29.88 | 43 | 59 6.7" | 25 | 21 | 58.8 | | | 29.89 | 47.5 | 59 10.0" | 32 | 24.5 | 58.5 | | | 29.63 | 61.5 | 58 56" | 14.5 | 6.4 | 47.3 | | | 29.77 | 58 | 58 56.7" | 17.0 | 8 | 56 | | | 29.39 | 55.8 | 58 45.5" | 1.7 | 7.2 | 45.2 | | | 29.72 | 60.8 | 58 45.1" | 4.0 | 6.3 | 44.7 | | | 29.92 | 50 | 59 3.3" | 17.8 | 18.1 | 52.2 | | | 29.82 | 55.8 | 58 48.0" | 7.4 | 12.2 | 45.4 | | | 29.56 | 58 | 58 46.7" | 9.5 | 8.0 | 41.0 | | Sept. 21 | Mean... | | 16 58'55.5" | 58 15.4" | 59 13.13" | 58 50.4" | | Refract. and Reduct. | | | -2 33.0" | 2 33.1" | 2 33.1" | **Mean of 4 Microscopes** | | | | 16 56'22.5" | 55 42.3" | 56 40.1" | 56 17.3" | --- ### 1823 | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | Apr. 12 | 30.14 | 67.8 | 58 56'24.4" | 57 22.8" | 57 11.0" | 56 44.2" | | | 29.97 | 66 | 26.3 | 20.0 | 7.0 | 47.7 | | | 29.96 | 63.5 | 22.3 | 21.4 | 4.4 | 38 | | | 29.90 | 65 | 27.4 | 21.7 | 4.5 | 45 | | | 30.00 | 64.3 | 27.3 | 22.0 | 6.5 | 39.6 | | | 29.81 | 64.3 | 25.5 | 21.7 | 7.0 | 46.9 | | | 30.05 | 62.2 | 26.3 | 24.9 | 6.0 | 44.2 | | | 30.00 | 63.7 | 24.3 | 24.2 | 5.1 | 44.2 | **Mean... Refract. and Reduct.** | | | | 58 56'25.7" | 57 22.8" | 57 6.7" | 56 43.7" | | | | | -1 29.7" | 1 29.7" | 1 29.7" | 1 29.7" | **Superior Culminat.** | | | | 58 54'56.0" | 55 53.1" | 55 37.0" | 55 14.0" | **Inferior Culminat.** | | | | 16 56'13.8" | 57 2.5" | 56 49.9" | 56 25.1" | **Half Diff. S. P. D.** | | | | 20 59'21.1" | 59 25.3" | 59 23.5" | 59 24.5" | --- **Mean of 4 Microscopes** | | | | 20° 59' 23.6" by 11 Observ. | ### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | May 2 | 30.14 | 59.5 | 58 56 | 26.8 | 57 23.8| 57 5.8 | 56 40.8| | 5 | 30.16 | 64.3 | „ | 27.0 | „ | 9.5 | 42.3 | | 6 | 30.14 | 65 | „ | 22.4 | „ | 6.8 | 40.0 | | 8 | 30.36 | 60 | „ | 26.4 | „ | 12.2 | 47.4 | | 9 | 30.27 | 66 | „ | 34.7 | „ | 13.2 | 45 | | 10 | 30.15 | 65 | „ | 26.0 | „ | 7.5 | 46 | | 11 | 29.96 | 62.5 | „ | 24.0 | „ | 6.2 | 43 | | 24 | 29.70 | 50 | „ | 29.5 | „ | 13.8 | 46 | May 9... Mean... Refract. and Reduct. | | | | 58 56 27.1| 57 27.2| 57 9.4 | 56 43.8| | | | | -1 26.8 | 1 26.9 | 1 26.8 | 1 26.9 | Superior Culminat... | | | | 58 55 0.3 | 56 0.3 | 55 42.6 | 55 16.9| Inferior Culminat... | | | | 16 56 10.6 | 57 9.7 | 56 58.3 | 56 25.2| Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | | 20 59 24.8 | 59 25.3 | 59 22.2 | 59 25.8| Mean of 4 Microscopes...........20° 59' 24".54 by 10 Observ. ### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | May 4 | 30.15 | 52 | 16 59 32.5| 0 30.5 | 0 20.0 | 59 47.5| | 8 | 30.36 | 53 | 16 59 35.0| 0 34.0 | 0 22.8 | 59 49.0| May 6... Mean... | | | | 16 59 33.7| 0 32.7 | 0 21.4 | 59 48.2| Refract. and Reduct. | | | | -3 23.1 | 3 23.0 | 3 23.1 | 3 23.0 | | | | | 16 56 10.6 | 57 9.7 | 56 58.3 | 56 25.2| Mean of 4 Microscopes...........20° 59' 24".54 by 10 Observ. ### 1826 | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | May 25 | 30.09 | 57 | 21 40 47.3| 40 43 | 40 46 | 40 47.6| | 28 | 30.25 | 57 | „ | 34.5 | „ | 42 | 50 | | June 3 | 29.93 | 64 | „ | 51.0 | „ | 46.7 | 45.7 | | 5 | 29.96 | 56 | „ | 54.0 | „ | 48.7 | 47.8 | | 6 | 29.85 | 55 | „ | 50.5 | „ | 45.7 | 50.0 | | 7 | 29.73 | 59.5 | „ | 60.0 | „ | 59.0 | 55.5 | | 8 | 29.88 | 55 | „ | 57.0 | „ | 51.5 | 49.5 | | 9 | 29.93 | 56 | „ | 49.3 | „ | 48.1 | 45.9 | | 11 | 30.08 | 52 | „ | 55.0 | „ | 48 | 47.2 | | 12 | 30.15 | 55 | „ | 56.6 | „ | 55 | 54.2 | | 13 | 30.22 | 55 | „ | 52.0 | „ | 48 | 52.7 | | 14 | 30.19 | 55 | „ | 63.0 | „ | 52 | 48.9 | | 16 | 29.91 | 62 | „ | 58.7 | „ | 49 | 48.0 | | 17 | 29.84 | 59 | „ | 57.0 | „ | 53.2 | 47.0 | | 19 | 29.97 | 57 | „ | 56.3 | „ | 51.0 | 47.7 | | 20 | 30.03 | 57 | „ | 52.1 | „ | 46.5 | 45.3 | June 9... Mean... | | | | 21 40 53.4 | 40 49.3 | 40 48.4 | 40 55.0| Refract. and Reduct. | | | | -38.9 | 38.9 | 38.9 | 39.0| Superior Culminat... | | | | 21 40 14.5 | 40 10.4 | 40 9.5 | 40 16.0| Inferior Culminat... | | | | 339 41 18.4 | 41 21.2 | 41 21.6 | 41 25.2| Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | | 20 59 28.05 | 59 24.6 | 59 23.95 | 59 25.4| Mean of 4 Microscopes...........20° 59' 25".5 by 25 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **β Argus. (Ann. Var. — 14''.834.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | June 27 | 30.163 | 54 | 21 40 54.5 | 40 55.3 | 40 49.3 | 40 58 | | July 6 | 30.05 | 49.5 | „ | 40 55.0 | 40 47.0 | „ | 40 49.5 | | | 14 | 30.17 | „ | 41 7.0 | 40 58 | „ | 41 6.1 | | | 15 | 30.13 | „ | 41 4.5 | 40 58 | „ | 41 4.7 | | | 30 | 30.40 | „ | 41 11.1 | 41 2.5 | „ | 41 10.1 | | | 31 | 30.38 | „ | 41 12.7 | 41 1.0 | „ | 41 8.3 | | Aug. 4 | 30.00 | 51 | „ | 41 8.7 | 40 56.3 | „ | 41 3.1 | | July 18 | „ | „ | „ | 21 41 4.8 | 40 56.9 | „ | 41 2.8 | | Refract. and Reduct. | –48.2 | 48.3 | „ | 48.2 | 48.3 | „ | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | June 30 | 30.14 | 35.8 | 339 45 40.7 | 45 38.7 | 45 37.7 | 45 46.4 | | July 8 | 30.20 | 34.7 | 339 45 32.7 | 45 39.0 | 45 34.0 | 45 41.5 | | July 4 | „ | „ | 339 45 36.7 | 45 38.8 | 45 35.8 | 45 43.9 | | Refract. and Reduct. | –4 15.0 | 4 15.1 | „ | 4 15.0 | 4 15.1 | „ | | | 339 | 41 21.7 | „ | 41 23.7 | 41 20.8 | 41 28.8 | Mean of 4 Microscopes……………20° 59′ 24''.05 by 9 Observ. --- #### Superior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Sept. 23 | 30.20 | 57.7 | 21 41 14 | 41 5.3 | 41 8.1 | 41 13.3 | | Oct. 1 | 30.12 | 66 | „ | 9 | 40 58 | 41 2.0 | „ | 8.3 | | | 4 | 30.00 | „ | 15.7 | 41 0.5 | 41 7.0 | „ | 11.6 | | | 9 | 30.03 | „ | 8.0 | 40 53 | 41 0.7 | „ | 7.3 | | | 11 | 29.97 | „ | 12.4 | 41 0.0 | 41 3.5 | „ | 11.0 | | | 15 | 29.98 | „ | 10.0 | 40 57 | 41 2.0 | „ | 7.5 | | | 17 | 29.87 | „ | 8.5 | 40 56 | 41 1.4 | „ | 6.2 | | | 30 | 30.07 | „ | 7.0 | 40 59 | 41 0.0 | „ | 3.6 | | Nov. 6 | 30.02 | 63 | „ | 15.0 | 40 56 | 40 58.3 | „ | 7.4 | | | 9 | 30.03 | „ | 12.0 | 40 55.0 | 41 0.5 | „ | 8.3 | | | 13 | 30.01 | „ | 8.0 | 40 50 | 40 58 | „ | 2.3 | | Oct. 18 | „ | „ | „ | 21 41 10.9 | 40 58.2 | 41 2.0 | 41 7.9 | | Refract. and Reduct. | –1 10.1 | 1 10.1 | „ | 1 10.1 | 1 10.1 | „ | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Sept. 21 | 30.075 | 47.3 | 339 45 0.0 | 45 1.0 | 45 0.0 | 45 3.7 | | Oct. 4 | 30.11 | 53 | „ | 44 55.5 | 44 55.0 | 44 53.3 | 44 58.7 | | | 9 | 29.89 | „ | 44 51 | 44 43 | 44 42.7 | 44 50.0 | | | 13 | 29.71 | „ | 44 35 | 44 32.7 | 44 31.3 | 44 31.4 | | | 14 | 29.75 | „ | 44 41.0 | 44 25.0 | 44 33.3 | 44 44.0 | | | 15 | 29.70 | „ | 44 32 | 44 26 | 44 33 | 44 35 | | | 30 | 30.05 | „ | 44 38 | 44 31 | 44 37.5 | 44 42 | Mean of 4 Microscopes……………20° 59′ 22''.94 by 19 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | Apr. 29 | 30.08 | 56.5 | 21 14 41.0 | 14 52 | 14 47 | 14 31.7 | | Apr. 30 | 29.94 | 60 | | 41.3 | 44 | 45 | 30.0 | | May 1 | 29.88 | 61.5 | | 42.4 | 42.4 | 41.3 | 32.5 | | May 2 | 29.80 | 61 | | 41.0 | 41.7 | 42.0 | 31.5 | | May 3 | 29.85 | 60 | | 38 | 42.0 | 46 | 30.0 | | May 4 | 29.91 | 53.3 | | 40.6 | 51.7 | 49.6 | 31.6 | | May 5 | 29.93 | 57.0 | | 45.0 | 48.0 | 49.0 | 35 | | May 6 | 30.07 | 67.5 | | 40 | 53 | 48.4 | 34 | | May 7 | 30.07 | 68 | | 41.4 | 49 | 47.7 | 34 | | May 8 | 30.10 | 62.5 | | 37.5 | 44.1 | 48.4 | 52.3 | | May 9 | 30.17 | 60.5 | | 42.9 | 43.8 | 52.5 | 49.0 | | May 10 | 30.01 | 60 | | 33.3 | 42.1 | 44.7 | 48 | | May 11 | 30.02 | 51 | | 40.0 | 40.0 | 50.0 | 53.6 | | May 12 | 30.13 | 55.5 | | 45.0 | 32.5 | 50.5 | 52.0 | | May 13 | 30.15 | 61 | | 42.7 | 45.0 | 51.9 | 54.0 | | May 14 | 30.07 | 63 | | 46.0 | 40.5 | 51.2 | 56.0 | | May 15 | 30.12 | 63 | | 42 | 45.7 | 49.3 | 54.5 | **Mean...** 21 14 41.1 14 44.7 14 49.1 14 42.9 **Refract. and Reduct.** -21.8 21.8 21.8 21.8 **Superior Culminat.** 21 14 19.3 114 22.9 14 27.3 14 21.1 **Inferior Culminat.** 339 15 29.9 15 32.5 15 40.0 15 32.2 **Half Diff. S. P. D.** 20 59 24.7 59 25.2 59 23.6 59 24.4 **Mean Inside Temperature 61°4.** ### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | May 5 | 30.07 | 49.3 | 339 20 2.7 | 20 4.0 | 20 8.0 | 19 56.8 | | May 6 | 30.12 | 48 | | 20 1.0 | 20 2.0 | 11.0 | | May 7 | 30.09 | 48.3 | | 19 50.7 | 19 59.5 | 3.0 | | May 8 | 30.20 | 59 | | 19 58.2 | 20 0.3 | 7.0 | | May 9 | 30.00 | 41.5 | | 19 58.6 | 19 58.6 | 12.6 | | May 10 | 9.4...Mean... | 339 19 58.2 | 20 0.9 | 20 8.3 | 20 0.6 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -4 28.3 | 4 28.4 | 4 28.3 | 4 28.4 | **Mean of 4 Microscopes...........20° 59' 24''.47 by 22 Observ.** **Mean Inside Temperature 54°.** --- ### Additional Data | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | May 31 | 30.18 | 65 | 21 14 39 | 14 50 | 14 55.2 | 14 51.2 | | June 1 | 30.31 | 58.5 | | 42.5 | 44.7 | 14 54.0 | 14 51.0 | | June 2 | 30.19 | 62 | | 42.7 | 42.5 | 14 55.3 | 14 54.7 | | June 3 | 30.12 | 57 | | 45 | 43.3 | 14 53.7 | 14 49.4 | | June 4 | 30.27 | 51 | | 48.7 | 53.2 | 14 59.6 | 14 57.0 | | June 5 | 30.02 | 58 | | 50.7 | 48.3 | 14 56.3 | 15 1.0 | | June 6 | 29.79 | 57 | | 46.0 | | 14 56.5 | 14 57.0 | | June 7 | 30.07 | 60.5 | | 54.1 | 54.3 | 15 0.0 | 14 55.0 | | June 8 | 30.03 | 53 | | 56.5 | 52.3 | 14 58.7 | 14 57.0 | | June 9 | 29.93 | 44.7 | | 58.0 | 55.0 | 15 0.5 | 14 59.5 | **Mean...** 21 14 48.3 14 49.3 14 57.0 14 55.3 **Refract. and Reduct.** -24.6 24.6 24.6 24.6 **Superior Culminat.** 21 14 23.7 14 24.7 14 32.4 14 30.7 **Inferior Culminat.** 339 15 33.6 15 32.8 15 43.6 15 48.3 **Half Diff. S. P. D.** 20 59 25.0 59 26.0 59 24.4 59 21.2 **Mean of 4 Microscopes...........20° 59' 24''.15 by 15 Observ.** ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **β Argus. (Ann. Var. — 14''.834.)—(Continued.)** | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1827.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | **1827.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | | Sept. | inches. | 65.7 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 14.9 | 12.4 | Aug. 28 | 29.55 | 30.5 | 19 | 20.5 | 15.5 | 26.2 | 35 | | 2 | 30.07 | 21 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | Sept. 2 | 30.10 | 46.7 | 19 | 35.5 | 19 | 37.0 | 42.0 | 52 | | 3 | 30.07 | " | 10.0 | 11.5 | 14.5 | 11.5 | 11 | 29.66 | 64.6 | 19 | 14.5 | 19 | 23 | 25.5 | 33 | | 8 | 29.99 | " | 14.0 | 15 | 22.7 | 20.0 | 14 | 29.90 | 48 | 19 | 27.5 | 19 | 32.8 | 41.0 | 42.3 | | 9 | 29.87 | " | 13.5 | 8.1 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 15 | 29.95 | 49.3 | 19 | 24.7 | 19 | 22.3 | 35.3 | 42.6 | | 12 | 29.78 | " | 13.3 | 12.0 | 15.6 | 15.0 | 16 | 29.93 | 45 | 19 | 30.8 | 19 | 33.7 | 37.3 | 43.8 | | 13 | 29.85 | " | 11.8 | 10.2 | 11.4 | 14.7 | 19 | 30.14 | 47.7 | 19 | 29.0 | 19 | 32 | 40.0 | 41.1 | | 14 | 29.90 | " | 12.0 | 10.4 | 16.7 | 15.3 | 20 | 29.98 | 53.5 | 19 | 22.8 | 19 | 32.8 | 31.2 | 36.0 | | 15 | 30.01 | " | 12.0 | 7.0 | 15.8 | 13.0 | 21 | 29.63 | 64 | 19 | 14.0 | 19 | 17.7 | 20.0 | 29.1 | | 18 | 30.15 | " | 13.8 | 11.8 | 19.5 | 14.0 | 22 | 29.95 | 49 | 19 | 28.0 | 19 | 32.7 | 38 | 39.5 | | 19 | 30.14 | " | 15.0 | 11.7 | 17.3 | 17.5 | 23 | 29.67 | 56 | 19 | 19.5 | 19 | 25.0 | 29.3 | 33.2 | | 22 | 29.96 | " | 15.5 | 13.9 | 17.4 | 22 | 24 | 29.63 | 54.3 | 19 | 22.0 | 19 | 26.5 | 30.1 | 34.0 | | 23 | 29.66 | " | 18.0 | 14.3 | 19.5 | 16.5 | 27 | 29.92 | 60 | 19 | 19.0 | 19 | 14.0 | 22.0 | 33.7 | | 24 | 29.71 | " | 13.4 | 14.1 | 20.1 | 18.0 | 29 | 29.97 | 63 | 19 | 21.0 | 19 | 26.0 | 29 | 34.0 | | 25 | 30.02 | " | 15.4 | 13.3 | 18.6 | 18.0 | 30 | 30.11 | 57 | 19 | 17.0 | 19 | 28 | 34.2 | 35.5 | | 30 | 30.17 | " | 16.5 | 16.1 | 21.0 | 20 | Oct. 1 | 30.00 | 61.3 | 19 | 18.0 | 19 | 23.5 | 28 | 32 | | Oct. | 1 | 30.13 | " | 16.0 | 13.4 | 22.1 | 20.7 | 2 | 30.15 | 47.5 | 19 | 25.0 | 19 | 27 | 33.2 | 37 | | 2 | 30.20 | " | 13.0 | 15.3 | 23.2 | 17.0 | 7 | 29.92 | 55 | 19 | 20.0 | 19 | 24.4 | 31.1 | 33.2 | | 6 | 30.02 | " | 19.0 | 19.0 | 21.5 | 23.5 | 19 | 30.17 | 63.5 | 19 | 10.0 | 19 | 9.4 | 16.3 | 22 | | 19 | 30.15 | " | 15.7 | 15.0 | 21.0 | 21.2 | 29 | 29.93 | 73 | 18 | 55.0 | 18 | 56.3 | 2.8 | 12.5 | | 20 | 30.00 | " | 14.0 | 14.0 | 15 | 19 | 30 | 29.81 | 81 | 18 | 52.1 | 18 | 51.4 | 3.8 | 11.0 | | 29 | 29.91 | " | 8.8 | 5.3 | 12 | 16 | Sept. 26 | Mean ... | 339 | 19 | 19.2 | 19 | 22.4 | 19 | 28.4 | 19 | 33.9 | | Nov. | 11 | 29.80 | " | 8.2 | 8.7 | 11.0 | 12.7 | Refract. and Reduct. | -3 | 55.2 | 3 | 55.3 | 3 | 55.2 | 3 | 55.3 | | 14 | 29.95 | " | 9.2 | 5.8 | 10.0 | 11.5 | 339 | 15 | 24.0 | 15 | 27.1 | 15 | 33.2 | 15 | 38.6 | | Sept. 29 | Mean ... | 21 | 15 | 13.4 | 15 | 12.0 | 15 | 17.1 | 15 | 16.8 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -50.7 | 50.7 | 50.7 | 50.7 | | Superior Culminat... | 21 | 14 | 22.7 | 14 | 21.3 | 14 | 26.4 | 14 | 26.1 | | Inferior Culminat... | 339 | 15 | 24.0 | 15 | 27.1 | 15 | 33.2 | 15 | 38.6 | | Half. Diff. S. P. D. | 20 | 59 | 29.3 | 59 | 27.1 | 59 | 26.6 | 59 | 23.8 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ..........20° 59' 26''.7 by 45 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. **β Argus. (Ann. Var. — 14''.834.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Apr. 14 | 30.20 | 60.2 | 21 12 55 | 13 1.2 | 13 5 | 12 58 | | 16 | 30.17 | 57.7 | „ 12 57 | 13 5.3 | 13 10.2 | 13 3.7 | | 17 | 30.07 | 56.0 | „ 12 56.5 | 13 4.2 | 13 9.0 | 13 3.0 | | 18 | 30.06 | 55 | „ 13 0.0 | 13 6.2 | 13 14.3 | 13 6.2 | | 20 | 29.85 | 60 | „ 13 0.2 | 13 6.1 | 13 9.0 | 13 7.0 | | 21 | 29.81 | 61 | „ 12 57 | 13 4.5 | 13 5.3 | 13 5.2 | | 22 | 29.90 | 57.5 | „ 12 56 | 13 5.3 | 13 10.7 | 13 8.0 | | 24 | 29.82 | 57.0 | „ 12 55 | 13 4.2 | 13 6.8 | 13 5.8 | | 25 | 30.01 | 57 | „ 12 55.6 | 13 6.0 | 13 8.3 | 13 3.6 | | 26 | 29.93 | 61 | „ 12 56.3 | 13 2.2 | 13 5.5 | 13 2.0 | | 27 | 29.82 | 61 | „ 13 1.5 | 13 4.0 | 13 10.4 | 13 3.2 | | 30 | 30.08 | 59.2 | „ 13 0.0 | 13 1.8 | 13 9.0 | 13 0.5 | | May 1 | 30.25 | 58 | „ 12 55.0 | 12 59.0 | 13 6.0 | 12 59.0 | | 2 | 30.28 | 59 | „ 12 52 | 13 3.7 | 13 5.0 | 12 59.6 | | 8 | 29.71 | 56.5 | „ 12 59.3 | 13 7.3 | 13 8.0 | 13 2.3 | | 9 | 29.68 | 57.0 | „ 12 58.0 | 13 4.2 | 13 5.8 | 13 1.0 | | 11 | 29.78 | 69.2 | „ 12 51.6 | 12 56.7 | 13 3.0 | 12 58 | | 12 | 29.74 | 69.2 | „ 12 54 | 13 1.0 | 13 6.7 | 12 58.3 | | 13 | 29.79 | 66 | „ 12 43 | 12 53.8 | 12 51.0 | 12 53 | | 14 | 29.84 | 69 | „ 12 44.8 | 12 53.0 | 12 58.7 | 12 53.5 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Apr. 20 | 29.85 | 48.4 | 339 18 44.1 | 18 43 | 18 50.0 | 18 51.5 | | 21 | 29.90 | 50.0 | „ 41.2 | 48 | 50.5 | 50.7 | | 26 | 29.94 | 48 | „ 46 | 41 | 51.0 | 50.0 | | May 1 | 30.27 | 46 | „ 43 | 52 | 55 | 52 | | 7 | 29.85 | 45.7 | „ 46 | 51 | 58.5 | 53 | | 8 | 29.70 | 46.2 | „ 39.5 | 50 | 53.5 | 49.2 | | 9 | 29.73 | 44.7 | „ 39.2 | 45 | 52.3 | 48.7 | | 11 | 29.84 | 61.2 | „ 24.3 | 33.6 | 41.0 | 38 | | 12 | 29.67 | 73.7 | „ 26 | 32.7 | 39.2 | 35 | | 13 | 29.82 | 64.3 | „ 17.5 | 29.7 | 35.5 | 28 | | May 3 | 8...Mean... | 339 18 36.7 | 18 42.6 | 18 48.6 | 18 45.6 | | Refract.and Reduct. | -4 39.0 | 4 39.0 | 4 39.0 | 4 39.0 | | 339 13 57.7 | 14 3.6 | 14 9.6 | 14 6.6 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..............20° 59' 24''.8 by 30 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **β Argus. (Ann. Var. — 14''.834.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 13 | 29.78 | 65.7 | 21° 12' 43" | 12° 53.8 | 12° 51' | 12° 53" | | 14 | 29.84 | 69 | " | 44.8 | 12 53.0 | 12 58.7 | " 53.5 | | 15 | 29.97 | 64 | " | 39.2 | 12 46.8 | 12 54' | " 49 | | 16 | 30.05 | 61.7 | " | 40.8 | 12 53.5 | 12 58.5 | " 48.7 | | 17 | 30.10 | 53 | " | 46.0 | 12 54.2 | 13 0.8 | " 52 | | 18 | 30.28 | 55 | " | 42.7 | 12 52.3 | 12 54.3 | " 48 | | 19 | 30.37 | 57.2 | " | 44.7 | 12 52.3 | 12 52' | " 50.5 | | 20 | 30.27 | 64 | " | 42 | 12 51.0 | 12 50' | " 48 | | 23 | 30.23 | 55.6 | " | 43 | 12 49.4 | 12 54.3 | " 47.4 | | 24 | 30.22 | 59.0 | " | 46.7 | 12 48.5 | 12 54.5 | " 48.3 | | 25 | 30.14 | 61.3 | " | 44.8 | 12 49.3 | 12 56.1 | " 46.4 | | 26 | 29.97 | 61.2 | " | 45.0 | 12 51.4 | 12 56.0 | " 50.0 | | 30 | 29.79 | 56 | " | 42.7 | 12 48' | 12 53.4 | " 45.3 | | June 11 | 29.74 | 59.2 | " | 54.0 | 13 1.0 | 13 6.7 | " 58.3 | | 12 | 29.78 | 69.2 | " | 51.6 | 12 56.7 | 13 3.0 | " 58.0 | May 19... Mean ... 21 12 44.7 | 12 52.1 | 12 56.2 | 12 50.5 Refract. and Reduct. -7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.2 Superior Culminat. 21 12 37.4 | 12 44.8 | 12 48.9 | 12 43.3 Inferior Culminat... 339 13 47.2 | 13 54.9 | 14 0.7 | 13 54.3 Half Diff. S. P. D. 20 59 25.1 | 59 24.9 | 59 24.1 | 59 24.5 Mean of 4 Microscopes...........20° 59' 24''.65 by 22 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 13 | 29.82 | 64.3 | 339 18 17.5 | 18 29.7 | 18 35.5 | 18 28 | | 14 | 29.92 | 49 | " | 27.0 | 37.0 | 42.5 | 38.7 | | 15 | 30.04 | 38 | " | 30.5 | 41.2 | 50.0 | 47.0 | | 16 | 30.07 | 34.5 | " | 37.0 | 49.2 | 47.9 | 40.0 | | 17 | 30.18 | 36.3 | " | 41.0 | 47 | 50.5 | 46 | | 18 | 30.36 | 37.3 | " | 44.0 | 49.3 | 57.2 | 50.1 | | 29 | 29.80 | 35.5 | " | 33.0 | 35.7 | 44.7 | 35 | | May 17...Mean... 339 18 33.5 | 18 41.3 | 18 47.0 | 18 40.7 Refract. and Reduct. -4 46.3 | 4 46.4 | 4 46.3 | 4 46.4 339 13 47.2 | 13 54.9 | 14 0.7 | 13 54.3 Mean of 4 Microscopes...........20° 59' 24''.65 by 22 Observ. --- | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | June 14 | 29.97 | 53 | 21° 12' 55.5 | 12° 52.7 | 12° 58.8 | 12° 55.0 | | 17 | 30.03 | 30 | " | 57.0 | 12 46.2 | 12 48.3 | 12 51.0 | | 20 | 30.27 | 55 | " | 54.0 | 12 54.0 | 12 59.0 | 12 53.0 | | 23 | 30.15 | 68 | " | 49.0 | 12 46.0 | 12 48.3 | 12 50.0 | | July 1 | 29.76 | 52 | " | 57.0 | 12 48.8 | 12 53' | 13 1.0 | | 2 | 29.83 | 61 | " | 3.2 | 12 54.7 | 12 57.5 | 13 0.0 | | 4 | 29.82 | 53 | " | 6.0 | " | 13 4.5 | 12 59.0 | | 5 | 30.13 | 58.5 | " | 8 | 13 8 | 12 59.5 | 13 1.2 | June 26... Mean ... 21 12 58.7 | 12 52.9 | 12 49.2 | 12 56.3 Refract. and Reduct. -11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.3 Superior Culminat. 21 12 47.3 | 12 41.5 | 12 37.8 | 12 45.0 Inferior Culminat... 339 13 47.1 | 13 51.4 | 13 55.4 | 13 58.4 Half Diff. S. P. D. 21 59 30.1 | 59 25.0 | 59 21.2 | 59 23.3 Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 59' 24''.9 by 12 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. **β Argus. (Ann. Var. — 14''.834.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Sept. 24 | inches. | 30.35 | 60 | 21 14 25 | 14 28.3 | 14 33 | 14 35.0 | | 25 | 30.37 | 66.5 | " | 32.7 | 32.0 | 31.3 | 28.7 | | 26 | 30.17 | 48 | " | 31.0 | 24.7 | 22.4 | 27.4 | | 27 | 30.05 | 65.5 | " | 32.0 | 34.0 | 26.7 | 31.4 | | 30 | 29.50 | 66 | " | 38.0 | 35.0 | 35.7 | 35.7 | | Sept. 26 | A... Mean... | 21 14 30.9 | 14 30.8 | 14 29.8 | 14 31.6 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -37.9 | 38.0 | 37.9 | 38.0 | | Superior Culminat. | 21 13 53.0 | 13 52.8 | 13 51.9 | 13 53.6 | | Inferior Culminat. | 339 14 54.7 | 14 57.8 | 14 58.3 | 15 2.4 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 21 29 29.1 | 29 27.5 | 29 26.8 | 29 25.6 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 59' 27''.25 by 8 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Sept. 24 | inches. | 30.31 | 51.2 | 339 19 7.0 | 19 10.0 | 19 14.0 | 19 12.3 | | 29 | 29.83 | 75 | " | 18 54.6 | 18 56.0 | 18 53.5 | 19 4.0 | | 31 | 30.10 | 60 | " | 19 1.0 | 19 6.3 | 19 6.0 | 19 9.8 | | Sept. 28 | Mean... | 339 19 0.9 | 19 4.1 | 19 4.5 | 19 8.7 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -4 6.2 | 4 6.3 | 4 6.2 | 4 6.3 | | 339 14 54.7 | 14 57.8 | 14 58.3 | 15 2.4 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 59' 27''.45 by 30 Observ. --- MDCCCXXIX. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **β Argus. (Ann. Var. — 14''.834.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Nov. | | | 5 21 14 29' | 14 33' | 14 32' | 14 34' | | 1 | 29.58 | 69 | | | | | | 3 | 29.92 | 57 | " 26" | " 32.3" | " 38" | " 30.7" | | 4 | 29.88 | 60 | " 30" | " 34.0" | " 35.3" | " 32.0" | | 7 | 29.85 | 55 | " 23.7" | " 32" | " 35.3" | " 31.2" | Nov. 4... Mean ... 21 14 27.2' 14 32.8' 14 35.2' 14 32.0' Refract. and Reduct. -40.8' 40.8' 40.8' 40.7' Superior Culminat. 21 13 46.4' 13 52.0' 13 54.4' 13 51.3' Inferior Culminat... 339 14 53.6' 15 0.8' 15 2.7' 15 3.5' Half Diff. S. P. D. 20 59 26.4' 59 25.6' 59 25.8' 59 23.9' Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 59' 25''.42 by 6 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Nov. | | | 399 18 50.7' | 18 57' | 18 56.8' | 19 6.3' | | 2 | 29.59 | 66 | | | | | | 3 | 29.77 | 59 | 339 18 56.0' | 19 4.0' | 19 8.0' | 19 6.0' | | Nov. 2.5...Mean... 339 18 53.3' 19 0.5' 19 2.4' 19 3.15' Refract. and Reduct. -3 59.7' 3 59.7' 3 59.7' 3 59.7' 339 14 53.6' 15 0.8' 15 2.7' 15 3.5' Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 59' 25''.42 by 6 Observ. #### 1822. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Oct. | | | 58 57 34' | 57 39.7' | 57 32.7' | | | 15 | 29.93 | 56.5 | | | | | | 16 | 29.92 | 55.5 | " 29.8" | " 37.2" | " 32.2" | | | 18 | 29.73 | 68.7 | " 28.8" | " 57 45.2" | " 29.5" | " 28.0" | | 20 | 29.72 | 60.3 | " 27.5" | " 57 35.6" | " 33.3" | " 23.0" | | 21 | 30.01 | 60 | " 23.0" | " 57 40.0" | " 36.3" | " 33.7" | | 22 | 30.16 | 58.5 | " 34.8" | " 57 39.7" | " 39.3" | " 31.8" | | 27 | 29.88 | 63.5 | " 26.2" | " 57 33.8" | " 35.6" | " 33.7" | | Nov. | | | " 23.4" | " 57 33" | " 33" | " 29.5" | | 3 | 29.99 | 64 | " 23.2" | " 58 3" | " 33.7" | " 28.7" | | 5 | 30.00 | 50.5 | " 21.5" | " 58 4.3" | " 31.4" | " 25.7" | | 6 | 29.66 | 63.7 | " 22.6" | " 58 3.7" | " 32" | " 28.8" | | 7 | 29.77 | 61 | " 22.3" | " 57 59.6" | " 33.7" | " 27.7" | | 8 | 29.99 | 56 | " 21.4" | " 57 52.0" | " 33.0" | " 30.7" | | 9 | 30.112 | 61 | " 22" | " 58 5.5" | " 36.5" | " 28.1" | | 10 | 30.03 | 63.7 | | | | | Oct. 28... Mean ... 58 57 25.7' 57 49.6' 57 34.6' 57 29.6' Refract. and Reduct. -2 17.1' 2 17.1' 2 17.1' 2 17.2' Superior Culminat. 58 55 8.6' 55 32.5' 55 17.5' 55 12.4' Inferior Culminat... 16 56 24.0' 56 56.3' 56 39.6' 56 19.0' Half Diff. S. P. D. 20 59 22.3' 59 18.1' 59 18.9' 59 26.7' Mean of 4 Microscopes...........20° 59' 21''.53 by 20 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of β Argus, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . . 20° 59' 24''.93 by 350 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. **α Trianguli. (Ann. Var. — 7°.71.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Sept. 1 | 29.85 | 53.5 | 59 14 57.2 | 14 15 | 14 54.5 | 14 57.0 | | 3 | 29.80 | 60 | ,, 14 59.0 | ,, 21 | 14 55.7 | 14 52.8 | | 11 | 29.81 | 57 | ,, 15 7.5 | ,, 22 | 15 0.8 | 15 9 | | 12 | 29.95 | 56.5 | ,, 15 5.0 | ,, 24.3 | 14 59.5 | 15 9.3 | | 16 | 29.84 | 55.6 | ,, 15 3.2 | ,, 21.0 | 14 59.3 | 15 1.0 | | 17 | 29.81 | 60.5 | ,, 15 4.3 | ,, 25.4 | 15 3.1 | 15 4.0 | Sept. 10... Mean ... 59 15 2.7 | 14 21.4 | 14 58.8 | 15 2.2 Refract. and Reduct. -58.1 | 58.2 | 58.1 | 58.2 Superior Culminat. 59 14 4.6 | 13 23.2 | 14 0.7 | 14 4.0 Inferior Culminat. 16 37 40.8 | 37 2.6 | 37 46.3 | 37 37.8 Half Diff. S. P. D. 21 18 11.9 | 18 10.3 | 18 7.2 | 18 13.1 #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | Aug. 21 | 29.82 | 49.5 | 16 41 37.3 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 41 42 | 41 37 | | 22 | 29.94 | 44 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 41 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 45.2 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 41 | | 24 | 30.16 | 40 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 44 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 47.0 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 39.4 | | 26 | 29.55 | 43 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 39.7 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 42.0 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 34.8 | | 27 | 29.56 | 41 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 38.8 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 44 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 39 | | 29 | 29.68 | 49.4 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 35.5 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 39.3 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 32.3 | | 31 | 29.78 | 45 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 39.0 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 44.7 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 38.7 | Sept. 1 | 29.86 | 32.8 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 45.5 | 41 12 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 53 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 48 | 4 | 29.54 | 41.5 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 36.0 | 40 53.2 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 47.3 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 32 | 5 | 29.52 | 44.5 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 34.7 | 40 44.3 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 38.3 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 26 | 6 | 29.60 | 40 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 41.0 | 41 4.0 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 48.8 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 35 | 11 | 29.93 | 39 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 49.5 | 41 8.0 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 54.3 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 42.2 | 12 | 29.91 | 41.5 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 48.3 | 41 14.0 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 56.0 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 47.0 | Aug. 31... Mean ... 16 41 40.8 | 41 2.6 | 41 46.3 | 41 37.9 Refract. and Reduct. -4 0.0 | 4 0.0 | 4 0.0 | 4 0.1 16 37 40.8 | 37 2.6 | 37 46.3 | 37 37.8 Mean of 4 Microscopes..............21° 18' 10''.6 by 19 Observ. --- ### 1826. #### Superior Culmination. | 1826 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | Aug. 25 | 29.80 | 54 | 21 59 36.1 | 59 26 | 59 28.4 | 59 35 | | 27 | 29.93 | 54 | ,, ,, 39.3 | ,, ,, 30 | ,, ,, 36.8 | ,, ,, 32.6 | | 31 | 29.88 | 66 | ,, ,, 37.0 | ,, ,, 27.3 | ,, ,, 32.2 | ,, ,, 31.2 | | Sept. 2 | 29.88 | 66 | ,, ,, 36.5 | ,, ,, 26.0 | ,, ,, 31.7 | ,, ,, 32.0 | | 3 | 29.86 | 62 | ,, ,, 38.2 | ,, ,, 24.5 | ,, ,, 34.0 | ,, ,, 27.0 | Aug. 30... Mean ... 21 59 37.4 | 59 26.8 | 59 32.6 | 59 31.6 Refract. and Reduct. -42.1 | 42.1 | 42.1 | 42.1 Superior Culminat. 21 58 55.3 | 58 44.7 | 58 50.5 | 58 49.5 Inferior Culminat. 339 22 36.7 | 22 34.6 | 22 35.9 | 22 44.4 Half Diff. S. P. D. 21 18 9.3 | 18 5.0 | 18 7.3 | 18 2.6 #### Inferior Culmination. | 1826 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | Aug. 18 | 29.75 | 42.5 | 339 26 54.0 | 26 54.5 | 26 54 | 27 3.3 | | 19 | 29.77 | 43 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 54 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 49.2 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 52 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 2.0 | | 25 | 29.96 | 40.0 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 51.8 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 51.8 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 55 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 2.0 | | Sept. 1 | 29.90 | 50 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 47 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 46.1 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 45.2 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 25.5 | | 2 | 29.88 | 45.5 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 54 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 53 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 52.3 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 26.58.3 | | 9 | 29.67 | 61.5 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 39.0 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 32 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 36.3 | ,, ,, ,, ,, 26.45 | Aug. 28... Mean ... 339 26 49.9 | 26 47.8 | 26 49.1 | 26 57.6 Refract.and Reduct. -4 13.2 | 4 13.2 | 4 13.2 | 4 13.2 339 22 36.7 | 22 34.6 | 22 35.9 | 22 44.4 Mean of 4 Microscopes..............21° 18' 6''.05 by 11 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **α Trianguli. (Ann. Var. — 7°.71.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1827 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Sept. 1 | inches. | 30.30 | 50 | 21 33 41.7 | 33 37.0 | 33 48 | 33 43.3 | | 3 | 30.00 | 54 | " | 40.0 | 41.0 | 44.7 | 48.5 | | 10 | 30.05 | 55 | " | 42.0 | 40.6 | 43.8 | 44.0 | | 19 | 30.14 | 60.8 | " | 42.7 | 37.0 | 44 | 39 | | 21 | 29.70 | 67 | " | 41.3 | 34.3 | 42.7 | 47.7 | | 23 | 29.82 | 68 | " | 41.2 | 39.2 | 37.2 | 41.5 | | 25 | 29.77 | 65 | " | 46.0 | 40.4 | 46.0 | 45.3 | | 26 | 29.95 | 72.5 | " | 40.0 | 35.0 | 44.5 | 46.4 | Sept. 16... Mean ... 21 33 41.8 33 38.1 33 43.8 33 44.5 Refract. and Reduct. -34.0 34.1 34.1 34.1 Superior Culminat. 21 33 7.8 33 4.0 33 9.7 33 10.4 Inferior Culminat... 338 56 41.5 56 45.8 56 55.3 56 54.6 Half Diff. S. P. D. 21 18 13.2 18 9.1 18 7.2 18 7.9 Mean of 4 Microscopes ............ 21° 18' 9".34 by 16 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1827 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Sept. 1 | inches. | 30.23 | 40 | 339 1 13.5 | 1 12.0 | 1 28.3 | 1 22.7 | | 2 | 30.07 | 39.5 | " | 8.8 | 14.7 | 25.5 | 24.3 | | 10 | 29.79 | 42.5 | " | 3.0 | 7.0 | 17.0 | 20.0 | | 13 | 29.83 | 41.4 | " | 6.0 | 12.6 | 20.0 | 17.3 | | 18 | 30.05 | 41.5 | " | 5.0 | 7.5 | 19.5 | 22.0 | | 23 | 29.67 | 56 | " | 1.3 | 12.3 | 18.2 | 17.7 | | 30 | 30.13 | 42.3 | " | 15.0 | 14.0 | 22.0 | 21.2 | | Oct. 3 | 30.08 | 40 | " | 3.2 | 10.3 | 16.2 | 16.0 | Sept. 16... Mean ... 339 1 7.0 1 11.3 1 20.8 1 20.15 Refract. and Reduct. -4 25.5 4 25.5 4 25.5 4 25.5 Superior Culminat. 338 56 41.5 56 45.8 56 55.3 56 54.65 Mean of 4 Microscopes ............ 21° 18' 9".34 by 16 Observ. #### Mean Inside Temperature 73°. Mean of 4 Microscopes ............ 21° 18' 13".64 by 9 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | Jan. 21 | 29.76 | 87 | 21 33 34.2 | | | | | 33 35.5 | | | | | 33 43.5 | | | | | 33 36.5 | | Feb. 11 | 29.86 | 63 | 26 | | | | | 24.3 | | | | | 27.5 | | | | | 22.3 | ### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | Dec. 18| 29.92 | 67 | 339 0 15 | | | | | 0 22 | | | | | 0 29 | | | | | 0 19.7 | | Jan. 14| 30.31 | 63.7 | 339 0 1.5 | | | | | 0 9.8 | | | | | 0 13.4 | | | | | 0 10.3 | Mean Inside Temperature 74°.6. Mean of 4 Microscopes ............... 21° 12' 7" by 29 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **α Tranguli. (Ann. Var. — 7".71.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 10 | 30.21 | 46.5 | 21° 32' 20" | 32° 22.1' | 32° 27' | 32° 18' | | 17 | 29.48 | 62.7 | " | 20 | 15.7 | 21.7 | 20 | | 22 | 30.20 | 49.0 | " | 13 | 12 | 16 | 12.5 | | 25 | 29.71 | 68 | " | 13.2 | 12.5 | 17.3 | 9.4 | | 26 | 29.82 | 65 | " | 9.5 | 8.7 | 12.8 | 8.0 | | 27 | 29.93 | 63 | " | 8.0 | 9.8 | 11.4 | 7.3 | | 28 | 30.27 | 52.7 | " | 9.2 | 7.0 | 11.5 | 8.0 | | 29 | 30.10 | 61.3 | " | 10.2 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 8.8 | | 30 | 30.24 | 64.7 | " | 11.3 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 8.0 | | 31 | 30.30 | 58.5 | " | 8.0 | 8.0 | 13 | 6.7 | | Sept. 1 | 30.20 | 68 | " | 9.0 | 5.7 | 12 | 6.5 | | 2 | 30.15 | 67 | " | 0.5 | 4.0 | 7.3 | 0.0 | | 3 | 30.05 | 65 | " | 6.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.6 | | 8 | 29.80 | 62.7 | " | 6 | 3.2 | 12.2 | 3 | | 9 | 29.79 | 63.7 | " | 4.0 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 2 | | 10 | 29.84 | 54 | " | 12.3 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 5 | | 11 | 30.08 | 54 | " | 5.4 | 3.3 | 14.0 | 2 | Aug. 24... Mean ... 21° 32' 9.7" 32° 8.7' 32° 12.9' 32° 7.6' Refract. and Reduct. -26.6 26.7 26.6 26.7 Superior Culminat... 21° 31' 43.1" 31° 42.0' 31° 46.3' 31° 40.9' Inferior Culminat... 338° 55' 19.6" 55° 23.5' 55° 30.0' 55° 25.4' Half Diff. S. P. D. 21° 18' 11.7" 18° 9.3' 18° 8.6' 18° 7.8' Mean S. P. D. of α Trianguli, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 21° 18' 9".155 by 116 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 20 | 30.09 | 38.3 | 338° 59' 53" | 59° 53.2' | 6° 3" | 59° 56.5' | | 21 | 30.14 | 38.5 | 338° 59' 55" | 0° 0" | 7.5 | 0° 0.6" | | 23 | 30.05 | 35 | 338° 59' 54" | 0° 2.0" | 6.0 | 0° 1.5" | | 25 | 29.81 | 42 | 338° 59' 50" | 59° 54.3' | 59° 59.3' | 59° 53.0" | | 26 | 29.95 | 42 | 338° 59' 50.2" | 59° 55" | 59° 56" | 59° 53" | | 27 | 30.24 | 35.3 | 338° 59' 57.0" | 0° 2" | 6 | 0° 2.4" | | 28 | 30.24 | 33 | 338° 59' 56.7" | 59° 58.7" | 4.2 | 0° 2.0" | | 29 | 30.17 | 34 | 339° 0° 0" | 0° 3" | 9.4 | 0° 6.0" | | 31 | 30.25 | 45 | 338° 59' 50" | 59° 55" | 1.0 | 59° 59.0" | | Sept. 1 | 30.23 | 44 | 338° 59' 48.5" | 59° 51" | 4.2 | 59° 56" | | 4 | 29.85 | 48 | 338° 59' 40.0" | 59° 41.0" | 50.5" | 59° 48" | | 8 | 29.90 | 41.5 | 338° 59' 45" | 59° 47.2" | 54.7" | 59° 47" | | 9 | 29.80 | 45 | 338° 59' 39" | 59° 44.7" | 50.4" | 59° 46.3" | | 10 | 29.91 | 37 | 338° 59' 46" | 59° 50.5" | 57.0" | 59° 54.3" | | 11 | 30.23 | 36 | 338° 59' 50.4" | 59° 56.5" | 2.2 | 59° 58.0" | Aug. 31... Mean ... 338° 59' 50.3" 59° 54.3" 0° 0.7" 59° 56.2" Refract. and Reduct. -4° 30.7" 4° 30.8" 4° 30.7" 4° 30.8" Mean of 4 Microscopes ............ 21° 18' 9".35 by 32 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. **α Muscae. (Ann. Var. — 19°.875.)** #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches.| ° | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 21 | 29.98 | 50 | 21 50 45.5 | 50 13.5 | 50 55.0 | 50 44.3 | | 28 | 30.00 | 53 | " 41.0 | " 19.0 | " 55.0 | " 45.7 | | June | 29.85 | 51 | " 52.7 | " 4.5 | " 3.7 | " 57.5 | | 3 | 29.76 | 51 | " 40.3 | " 34.0 | " 55.0 | " 47.4 | | 5 | 30.00 | 50 | " 46.7 | " 29.2 | " 55 | " 42.0 | | 10 | 29.80 | 57.5 | " 51.0 | " 40.0 | " 51.4 | " 56 | | 12 | 29.75 | 59.7 | " 47 | " 29.0 | " 50.6 | " 46.8 | | 13 | 29.90 | 49 | " 49.4 | " 25.7 | " 50.8 | " 50.0 | | 15 | 30.12 | 47 | " 45 | " 26.5 | " 50.8 | " 42.5 | | 22 | 29.68 | 51 | " 56.9 | " 36.3 | " 51.5 | " 52.2 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches.| ° | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | June 15| 30.05 | 35 | 338 14 9 | 13 45 | 14 22.8 | 14 16.8 | | 16 | 30.06 | 36 | " 4 | " 47 | " 27.3 | " 20.0 | | 20 | 30.00 | 30 | " 16 | " 58.7 | " 34.0 | " 21.7 | | 21 | 29.74 | 41 | " 2.7 | " 42.6 | " 21.8 | " 18.4 | | 22 | 29.68 | 37 | " 10.5 | " 52.3 | " 30.7 | " 23.2 | #### June 19... Mean... Refract. and Reduct. -3 7.7 Mean of 4 Microscopes ........... 21° 48' 47".49 by 15 Observ. --- #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches.| ° | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | June | 29.98 | 51 | 59 46 57 | 46 43 | 47 0.5 | 46 57.5 | | July | 30.032 | 53 | " 46.4 | " 34 | " 58.7 | " 53.3 | | 4 | 29.90 | 52 | " 54 | " 39 | " 6.0 | " 59.0 | | 5 | 29.91 | 46 | " 56 | " 39 | " 0.0 | " 55.0 | | 6 | 29.77 | 50 | " 55 | " 37 | " 56.0 | " 54 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches.| ° | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July | 29.93 | 35 | 16 10 24 | 10 8 | 10 36.5 | 10 29.5 | | 5 | 29.90 | 36.2 | " 17.5 | " 54.3 | " 31.2 | " 22.0 | | 7 | 29.41 | 41.9 | " 10 | " 51.0 | " 23 | " 15 | #### July 5... Mean... Refract. and Reduct. -3 6.5 Mean of 4 Microscopes ........... 21° 48' 48".44 by 8 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **α Muscae. (Ann. Var. — 19''.875.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 10 | 29.83 | 48 | 22 30 23 | 30 20.7 | 30 22.4 | 30 30 | | 12 | 29.84 | 53 | " 24.5 | " 20.3 | " 23.2 | " 28.5 | | 13 | 30.06 | 50 | " 23.4 | " 18.5 | " 22.1 | " 26.9 | July 11...Mean... Refract. and Reduct. | | | | 22 30 23.6 | 30 19.8 | 30 22.6 | 30 28.5 | | | | | -47.9 | 47.9 | 47.9 | 47.9 | Superior Culminat. | | | | 22 29 35.7 | 29 31.9 | 29 34.7 | 29 40.6 | Inferior Culminat... | | | | 338 52 0.9 | 51 57.4 | 52 1.8 | 52 8.6 | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | | 21 48 47.4 | 48 47.2 | 48 46.5 | 48 46 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1826. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 9 | 30.02 | 33.5 | 338 56 35 | 56 32 | 56 33.5 | 56 40.7 | | 12 | 30.00 | 32.0 | 338 56 28 | 56 24 | 56 31.4 | 56 38.0 | July 10...Mean... Refract. and Reduct. | | | | 338 56 31.5 | 56 28.0 | 56 32.4 | 56 39.3 | | | | | -4 30.6 | 4 30.6 | 4 30.6 | 4 30.7 | | | | | 338 52 0.9 | 51 57.4 | 52 1.8 | 52 8.6 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 48' 46''.8 by 5 Observ. #### 1827. | 1827. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | June 1 | 30.30 | 56.5 | 22 4 14 | 4 11.3 | 4 24.7 | 4 25.3 | | 2 | 30.21 | 50.3 | " 20.3 | " 19.0 | " 26.3 | " 24.0 | | 15 | 29.95 | 56 | " 17.5 | " 21.7 | " 32.3 | " 27.0 | | 24 | 29.87 | 46 | " 18.2 | " 22.0 | " 28.2 | " 28.2 | | 25 | 30.07 | 56.5 | " 16.0 | " 17.5 | " 23.5 | " 29.0 | | July 3 | 30.14 | 48.5 | " 19 | " 18.0 | " 27.0 | " 27.0 | | 4 | 30.34 | 58 | " 20.8 | " 19.7 | " 23.2 | " 26.0 | | 10 | 30.13 | 53 | " 17.0 | " 17.3 | " 30.2 | " 27 | June 21...Mean... Refract. and Reduct. | | | | 22 4 17.8 | 4 18.3 | 4 26.9 | 4 26.7 | | | | | -28.2 | 28.2 | 28.2 | 28.3 | Superior Culminat. | | | | 22 3 49.6 | 3 50.1 | 3 58.7 | 3 58.4 | Inferior Culminat... | | | | 338 26 10.9 | 26 10.2 | 26 18.8 | 26 21.2 | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | | 21 48 49.3 | 48 50.0 | 48 49.9 | 48 48.6 | #### Mean of 4 Microscopes ...........21° 48' 49''.46 by 17 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. **α Muscae. (Ann. Var. — 19''.875.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | June | inches.| 29.40 | 55 | 22 2 9.5 2 15.2 2 26 2 11 | | 16 | 29.81 | 55 | " | 13.4 10.2 19.3 13 | | 17 | 30.03 | 51.5 | " | 13.0 11.5 18.0 12 | | 18 | 30.20 | 49.5 | " | 18.0 14.0 21.2 17.0 | | 19 | 30.34 | 49.5 | " | 18.0 11.4 21.3 15.0 | | 20 | 30.27 | 52 | " | 13.0 10.4 22 13.3 | | 28 | 30.22 | 58 | " | 8 7.8 16.8 8.7 | | July | 29.75 | 58 | " | 16.5 14.0 22.7 15.8 | | 2 | 29.84 | 53 | " | 16.0 13.7 22.2 17.0 | | 3 | 29.69 | 56 | " | 20 17.0 25.0 20.9 | | 5 | 30.13 | 58.5 | " | 20.5 16.3 25.4 18.2 | | 6 | 30.20 | 58.5 | " | 18.0 18.0 27.0 20.8 | | 10 | 29.81 | 57 | " | 18.2 17.0 25 21 | | 11 | 30.05 | 50.2 | " | 20.4 18.5 25.7 20.2 | | 14 | 29.96 | 50.0 | " | 22.0 18.0 29.2 22.5 | | 15 | 30.00 | 59.2 | " | 18.8 18.0 28.2 23.0 | | 17 | 29.66 | 66 | " | 23.6 17.0 25.0 26.3 | | 18 | 29.87 | 62 | " | 20.0 15.5 24.0 24.0 | June 29... Mean ... 22 2 17.0 2 14.6 2 23.5 2 17.7 Refract.and Reduct. -8.7 8.8 8.7 8.8 Superior Culminat. 22 2 8.3 2 5.8 2 14.8 2 8.9 Inferior Culminat... 338 24 29.8 24 28.8 24 35.8 24 36.6 Half Diff. S. P. D. 21 48 49.2 48 48.4 48 49.5 48 46.2 Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 48' 48''.45 by 30 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | June | inches.| 30.02 | 38 | 338 29 23.4 29 24.5 29 31 29 31 | | 16 | 30.13 | 35.5 | " | 29.3 28.0 33.6 34 | | 17 | 30.32 | 37 | " | 31.0 29.3 38 35.3 | | 18 | 30.13 | 48.8 | " | 19.0 18.3 23.2 29 | | 29 | 30.13 | 48.8 | " | 19.0 18.3 23.2 29 | | July | 29.72 | 37.7 | " | 32 32.3 35.8 38 | | 10 | 29.98 | 37 | " | 32.3 32.5 40.0 40 | | 11 | 29.94 | 33 | " | 38.5 38 46.3 45 | | 14 | 29.99 | 41.7 | " | 30.0 27.0 36 38.8 | | 15 | 30.02 | 33.2 | " | 43.3 40.0 46 50 | | 16 | 29.72 | 57.7 | " | 24.2 21 28.7 30 | | 18 | 30.00 | 39 | " | 31.1 29.7 38.5 38.3 | | 19 | 29.56 | 44.4 | " | 38.3 39.5 46.0 45.0 | July 5... Mean ... 338 29 31.0 29 30.0 29 37 29 37.9 Refract.and Reduct. -5 1.2 5 1.2 5 1.2 5 1.2 338 24 29.8 24 28.8 24 35.8 24 36.6 Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 48' 48''.01 by 8 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of α Muscae, Jan. 1, 1828 .......21° 48' 48''.54 by 83 Observ. MDCCXXXIX. ### ε Piscis Volantis. (Ann. Var. — 10''.554.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Apr. 18 | inches. | 30.06 | 9.5 | 22' 6' 53'' | 6' 55'' | 7' 6' 7'' | 6' 53'' | | 26 | | 29.92 | 62.5 | " 53.7 | " 50.4 | " 1.3 | " 48.7 | | 27 | | 29.82 | 64 | " 50.0 | " 51.7 | " 1.4 | " 49.0 | | Apr. 24 | Mean... | | 22' 6' 52.2'' | 6' 52.4'' | 7' 3.1 | 6' 50.2 | | Refract. and Reduct. | | | -6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Apr. 25 | inches. | 30.00 | 8.5 | 338' 25'' | 6' 25'' | 8' 25' 15'' | 25' 9.3 | | Refract. and Reduct. | | | -5' 0.5 | 5' 0.5 | 5' 0.5 | 5' 0.5 | | | | | 338' 20'' | 5.5 | 20' 7.5 | 20' 14.5 | 20' 8.8 | Mean S. P. D. of ε Piscis Volantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 21° 53' 19''.05 by 4 Observ. ### γ Trianguli. (Ann. Var. — 13''.980.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 12 | inches. | 29.974 | 54 | 59' 55'' 13.5'' | 55' 23'' | 55' 19'' | 55' 20.6'' | | 13 | | 29.82 | 55 | " 21.5 | " 23 | " 14 | " 12.2 | | 14 | | 30.07 | 52 | " 20.0 | " 29 | " 12 | " 15.0 | | 15 | | 30.12 | 56.4 | " 8.0 | " 14.3 | " 10.0 | " 8.0 | | 22 | | 29.88 | 55 | " 14.0 | " 23.6 | " 13.8 | " 16.7 | | 23 | | 29.89 | 59 | " 14.2 | " 44.0 | " 15.5 | " 17.0 | | 25 | | 30.04 | 60 | " 8.5 | " 40.0 | " 7.5 | " 13.0 | | 27 | | 29.54 | 54.5 | " 11.3 | " 44 | " 14.3 | " 15.6 | Aug. 19... Mean... | 59' 55'' 14.0'' | 55' 30.1'' | 55' 13.3'' | 55' 14.4'' | Refract. and Reduct. | -1' 30.5 | 1' 30.5 | 1' 30.5 | 1' 30.5 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 11 | inches. | 30.022 | 41.5 | 16' 1' 38'' | 1' 43.5 | 1' 49 | 1' 38.7 | | 12 | | 29.90 | 38.7 | " 38 | " 152.0 | " 44.8 | " 45.3 | | 16 | | 30.10 | 49.2 | " 30.8 | " 149.5 | " 39.7 | " 35.0 | | 24 | | 30.13 | 40.5 | " 36.3 | " 2' 5.0 | " 46.7 | " 36.0 | | 26 | | 29.55 | 44 | " 26.0 | " 156.2 | " 31.0 | " 27.0 | | 31 | | 29.78 | 48.5 | " 25.4 | ............ | " 35.6 | " 28.8 | Aug. 15... Mean... | 16' 1' 32.5'' | 1' 53.2 | 1' 41.1 | 1' 35.1 | Refract. and Reduct. | -3' 40.4 | 3' 40.4 | 3' 40.4 | 3' 40.4 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..............21° 57' 53''.7 by 14 Observ. ### 1826 #### Superior Culmination. | 1826 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 9 | inches. | 30.142 | 54 | 22' 39'' 32.5'' | 39' 29.2'' | 39' 28.2'' | 39' 30.8'' | | 11 | | 29.854 | 57 | " 28.4 | " 24.0 | " 19.3 | " 28.0 | | 12 | | 30.062 | 57.5 | " 26.7 | " 28.6 | " 23.3 | " 28.0 | Aug. 16... Mean... | 22' 39' 29.2'' | 39' 27.3'' | 39' 23.6'' | 39' 28.9'' | Refract. and Reduct. | -4' 1.7 | 41.8 | 41.7 | 41.8 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1826 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | July 26 | inches. | 29.56 | 39 | 338' 47'' 18.3'' | 47' 10.0 | 47' 20.3 | 47' 24.3 | | 29 | | 30.38 | 35.3 | 338' 47'' 30.0'' | 47' 20.0 | 47' 35.0 | 47' 30.5 | July 27.5... Mean... | 338' 47'' 24.1'' | 47' 15.0 | 47' 27.6 | 47' 27.4 | Refract. and Reduct. | -4' 34.1 | 4' 34.1 | 4' 34.1 | 4' 34.1 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..............21° 57' 58''.04 by 5 Observ. γ Trianguli. (Ann. Var. — 13''.980.)—(Continued.) | Superior Culmination. | Inferior Culmination. | |-----------------------|-----------------------| | **1827.** Barom. | **1827.** Barom. | | Therm. | Microscopes. | Therm. | Microscopes. | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | July 30 | inches. | ° | 22 13 28.3 | 13 21 | 13 30.5 | 13 40 | July 26 | inches. | ° | 48.5 | 338 21 48 | 21 53 | 21 47.0 | 21 59 | | Aug. 2 | 30.01 | 39 | " 27.0 | " 26 | " 38.8 | " 38.7 | 30 | 29.81 | 54 | " 28 | " 25.3 | " 40.8 | " 40 | | 6 | 30.10 | 51 | " 22.3 | " 25.5 | " 34.3 | " 41.2 | 31 | 30.04 | 48 | " 34 | " 38.6 | " 46.7 | " 46.4 | | 7 | 30.10 | 63 | " 25 | " 23.3 | " 37.2 | " 39.4 | Aug. 2 | 30.07 | 32.7 | " 49.3 | " 52.7 | " 57.7 | " 57.5 | | Aug. 3.5...Mean... | 22 13 25.6 | 13 24.0 | 13 35.2 | 13 39.9 | July 30... Mean... | 338 21 36.8 | 21 42.4 | 21 48.0 | 21 50.7 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -31.1 | 31.1 | 31.1 | 31.0 | Refract. and Reduct. | -4 35.2 | 4 35.2 | 4 35.2 | 4 35.3 | | Superior Culminat. | 22 12 54.5 | 12 52.9 | 13 4.1 | 13 8.9 | | 338 17 1.6 | 17 7.2 | 17 12.8 | 17 15.4 | | Inferior Culminat... | 338 17 1.6 | 17 7.2 | 17 12.8 | 17 15.4 | | | | | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 21 57 56.4 | 57 52.9 | 57 55.7 | 57 56.7 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 57' 55''.42 by 8 Observ. | | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 1 | inches. | ° | 22 12 7.0 | 12 3.0 | 12 10.6 | 12 7.3 | July 31 | inches. | ° | 31.5 | 338 20 49.3 | 20 47.0 | 20 56 | 20 54.3 | | 2 | 30.18 | 49 | " 12 1.7 | 12 2.0 | 12 10.7 | 12 5.0 | Aug. 2 | 30.18 | 37 | " 48.0 | " 52 | " 54.5 | " 53.7 | | 3 | 30.18 | 50 | " 12 3.0 | 12 5.0 | 12 12.1 | 12 7.4 | 3 | 30.22 | 34 | " 47.6 | " 46.3 | " 55 | " 55.0 | | 11 | 30.20 | ...... | " 12 0.0 | 11 58.0 | 12 5.0 | 12 0.8 | 9 | 29.76 | 48 | " 32 | " 32.0 | " 39.3 | " 39.0 | | 15 | 29.72 | 58 | " 11 52.8 | 11 52.0 | 12 2.5 | 11 56.3 | 13 | 30.05 | 40 | " 36.7 | " 34.0 | " 42.0 | " 41.7 | | 21 | 30.09 | 57 | " 11 56.0 | 11 46.5 | 11 59.0 | 11 55.5 | 15 | 29.67 | 45 | " 27.0 | " 22.5 | " 28.3 | " 32.8 | | 25 | 29.71 | 73 | " 11 54 | 11 44.0 | 11 56.7 | 11 57.0 | 17 | 29.31 | 60 | " 12.0 | " 11.4 | " 18.3 | | 26 | 29.79 | 68.3 | " 11 52 | 11 46.4 | 12 0.0 | 11 57.0 | 23 | 30.05 | 37.3 | " 36.0 | " 33.3 | " 39.2 | " 36.4 | | 27 | 29.93 | 65 | " 11 49 | 11 43.0 | 11 54.0 | 11 47.0 | 25 | 29.81 | 42.5 | " 21.0 | " 19.5 | " 25.5 | " 26.7 | | Aug.14.5...Mean... | 22 11 57.3 | 11 53.3 | 12 3.4 | 11 59.3 | Aug.15... Mean... | 338 20 33.4 | 20 32.2 | 20 38.4 | 20 38.5 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | Refract. and Reduct. | -4 54.5 | 4 54.5 | 4 54.5 | 4 54.5 | | Superior Culminat. | 22 11 38.3 | 11 34.3 | 11 44.4 | 11 40.3 | | 338 15 38.9 | 15 37.7 | 15 43.9 | 15 44.0 | | Inferior Culminat... | 338 15 38.9 | 15 37.7 | 15 43.9 | 15 44.0 | | | | | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 21 57 59.7 | 57 58.3 | 58 0.2 | 57 58.2 | Mean of 4 Microscopes...........21° 57' 59''.1 by 20 Observ. | Mean S. P. D. of γ Trianguli, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 21° 57' 56''.63 by 47 Observ. ### δ Pavonis. (Ann. Var. — 9″.406.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Apr. 10 | 29.85 | 61.5 | 23 38 10 | 38 11.2 | 38 14.6 | 38 13 | | May 1 | 30.27 | 47.0 | " | " | " | " | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Apr. 9 | 29.66 | 73.5 | 336 54 17.0 | 54 13 | 54 21.7 | 54 22.1 | | May 12 | 29.95 | 62 | " | " | " | " | Mean S. P. D. of δ Pavonis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 23° 23′ 38″.4 by 12 Observ. ### ε Trianguli. (Ann. Var. — 12″.82.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 8 | 30.04 | 52 | 24 30 20 | 30 21 | 30 23 | 30 25 | | Aug. 11 | 29.95 | 60 | " | " | " | " | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Aug. 8 | 29.94 | 39.3 | 336 3 19.2 | 3 20.0 | 3 26.5 | 3 24.7 | | Aug. 14 | 29.86 | 37 | " | " | " | " | Mean S. P. D. of ε Trianguli, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 24° 16′ 20″.45 by 14 Observ. α Piscis Volantis. (Ann. Var. — 14''.12.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** Barom. | **1822.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | **May 23** | **May 21** | | inches. | inches. | | 29.77° | 29.93° | | 66° | 48.3° | | Refract. and Reduct. | Refract. and Reduct. | | —1 38.2 | —4 30.7 | | 1 38.2 | 4 30.7 | | Superior Culminat... | | | 24 17 1.3 | | | 16 26.8 | | | 17 7.8 | | | 17 12.8 | | | Inferior Culminat... | | | 335 42 24.8 | | | 41 54.3 | | | 42 43.8 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | 24 17 18.2 | | | 17 16.3 | | | 17 12.0 | | | 17 26.5 | | Mean S. P. D. of α Piscis Volantis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . 24° 17' 18''.25 by 2 Observ. η Pavonis. (Ann. Var. — 2''.756.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** Barom. | **1822.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | **Sept. 15** | **Sept. 16** | | inches. | inches. | | 29.75° | 29.87° | | 53.5° | 36.5° | | Refract. and Reduct. | Refract. and Reduct. | | —25.31 | —6 22.6 | | 25.3 | 6 22.6 | | 25.4 | 6 22.6 | | Superior Culminat... | | | 63 17 37.8 | | | 17 31.8 | | | 18 14.0 | | | 18 13.6 | | | Inferior Culminat... | | | 12 33 26.6 | | | 32 45.7 | | | 33 42.5 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | 25 22 5.6 | | | 22 23.0 | | | 22 15.8 | | | 22 24.1 | | Mean S. P. D. of η Pavonis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 25° 22' 17''.12 by 4 Observ. υ Argus. (Ann. Var. — 16''.521.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** Barom. | **1822.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | | **May 27** | **May 26** | | inches. | inches. | | 29.87° | 29.84° | | 58.5° | 48° | | Refract. and Reduct. | Refract. and Reduct. | | —1 49.1 | —5 10.2 | | 1 49.0 | 5 10.2 | | 1 49.1 | 5 10.2 | | Superior Culminat... | | | 25 43 7.4 | | | 42 33.4 | | | 43 23.5 | | | 43 21.2 | | | Inferior Culminat... | | | 334 16 15.1 | | | 16 0.7 | | | 16 33.4 | | | 16 19.6 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | 25 43 26.1 | | | 43 16.4 | | | 43 25.1 | | | 43 30.8 | | Mean S. P. D of υ Argus, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 25° 43' 47''.2 by 7 Observ. ### θ Argus. (Ann. Var. — 18''.702.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | May 31 | inches. | 29.82 | 55 | 26 43 26 | 43 34 | 43 37.5 | 43 34 | | June 6 | 29.70 | 52 | " " 25.7 | 36.2 | " 38.0 | " 35 | | | 29.40 | 55 | " " 25.4 | 35.0 | " 39.3 | " 36 | | | 29.72 | 52 | " " 27.0 | 36 | " 38.0 | " 36 | June 6... Mean ... 26 43 26.0 43 35.3 43 38.2 43 35.2 Refract. and Reduct. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Superior Culminat. 26 43 26.0 43 35.3 43 38.2 43 35.2 Inferior Culminat... 333 42 55.3 42 55.5 42 57.3 42 46.4 Half Diff. S. P. D. 26 30 15.3 30 19.9 30 20.5 30 24.4 Mean S. P. D. of θ Argus, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 26° 30' 20''.05 by 6 Observ. ### η Circini. (Ann. Var. — 14''.753.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1827 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 1 | inches. | 30.10 | 42 | 26 54 33.6 | 54 38.7 | 54 42 | 54 43 | | Aug. 2 | 30.05 | 39 | " " 25.0 | 34.7 | " 42 | " 42 | | Aug. 3 | 30.12 | 52 | " " 28.0 | 35.5 | " 37.7 | " 43.7 | Aug. 2... Mean ... 26 54 28.9 54 36.3 54 40.6 54 42.9 Refract. and Reduct. -26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 Superior Culminat. 26 54 2.9 54 10.3 54 14.6 54 16.9 Inferior Culminat... 333 35 42.4 35 49.3 35 51.2 35 50.4 Half Diff. S. P. D. 26 39 10.2 39 10.5 39 11.7 39 13.2 #### Inferior Culmination. | 1827 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | July 30 | inches. | 29.815 | 54 | 333 42 47.8 | 42 51.2 | 42 57.3 | 42 57.7 | | Aug. 1 | 30.08 | 32.5 | " " 43 16.3 | 43 25.0 | 43 27.0 | 43 24.0 | | Aug. 2 | 30.07 | 32.7 | " " 43 17.4 | 43 26.0 | 43 23.7 | 43 24.0 | Aug. 1... Mean ... 333 43 7.2 43 14.1 43 16.0 43 15.2 Refract. and Reduct. -7 24.8 7 24.8 7 24.8 7 24.8 333 35 42.4 35 49.3 35 51.2 35 50.4 Mean S. P. D. of η Circini, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 26° 39' 11''.4 by 6 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | 1822 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 21 | 29.88 | 60 | 5 3 34.7 3 53.0 3 45.5 3 43.0 | | Aug. 22 | 29.88 | 53 | " 35.3 3 56.0 3 45.5 3 44.5 | | Aug. 23 | 29.88 | 58 | " 35.0 3 46 4 42.7 4 0.5 | | Aug. 24 | 30.07 | 58 | " 29.5 4 9.4 4 42.5 3 37.3 | | Aug. 27 | 29.54 | 54.5 | " 30.0 4 15.0 4 45.5 3 47.5 | | Aug. 28 | 29.67 | 53 | " 31.0 4 3 3 45.0 3 49.0 | | Sept. 12 | 29.95 | 59 | " 37.4 ........... 3 48.7 3 54.5 | ### Inferior Culmination | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | 1822 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 12 | 29.90 | 38 | 10 56 13.2 56 21.3 56 17.3 56 15.0 | | Aug. 22 | 29.94 | 45 | " 8.0 36.7 " 12.8 " 9.6 | | Aug. 23 | 30.00 | 37.5 | " 15.7 " 51.0 " 23.4 " 18.5 | | Aug. 24 | 30.13 | 41.0 | " 13.0 " 48.7 " 25.5 " 16.7 | | Aug. 26 | 29.55 | 43 | " 3.2 " 31.5 " 7.0 " 2.0 | | Aug. 21 | Mean ... | Refract. and Reduct. | 10 56 10.6 56 37.8 56 17.2 56 12.3 | | | -7 6.5 | 7 6.5 | 7 6.5 7 6.5 | | | 10 49 4.1 | 49 31.3 | 49 10.7 49 5.8 | Mean of 4 Microscopes .......... 27° 6' 42".2 by 12 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | 1827 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 19 | 29.96 | 63 | 27 21 56.3 22 1.2 22 11.3 22 11.0 | | Aug. 20 | 29.95 | 59 | " 56.7 22 0.8 " 6.8 " 8.7 | | Aug. 21 | 30.04 | 51 | " 57.7 21 57.5 " 8.5 " 9.0 | | Aug. 22 | " | " 59.0 21 55.0 " 4.3 " 8.0 | ### Inferior Culmination | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | 1827 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 20 | 30.05 | 43 | 333 15 55.5 16 2 " 16 6 " 16 6 | | Aug. 28 | 29.54 | 50.5 | 333 15 45.7 15 48 15 48 15 49.3 | | Aug. 24 | Mean ... | Refract. and Reduct. | 333 15 50.6 15 55 15 54 15 54.6 | | | -7 37.3 | 7 37.3 | 7 37.3 7 37.3 | | | 333 8 13.3 | 8 17.7 | 8 16.7 8 17.3 | Mean of 4 Microscopes .......... 27° 6' 41".16 by 6 Observ. ### Superior Culmination | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | 1828 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 11 | 30.21 | 46.2 | 27 20 36 20 40 20 41.3 20 42.3 | | Aug. 14 | 30.00 | 52 | " 36 " 36.3 " 42.3 " 40.0 | | Aug. 15 | 29.72 | 58 | " 35.5 " 33.2 " 36.7 " 39.0 | | Aug. 16 | 29.57 | 60.5 | " 35.0 " 31 " 39.3 " 38.0 | | Aug. 20 | 30.08 | 63.3 | " 28.0 " 29 " 38 " 32 | | Aug. 21 | 30.08 | 62.5 | " 25.5 " 29 " 36 " 31.0 | | Aug. 23 | 29.99 | 62.3 | " 26.5 " 28.7 " 34.6 " 33 | | Aug. 24 | 30.05 | 61.5 | " 27.0 " 28.3 " 36.3 " 30.2 | | Aug. 25 | 29.71 | 73 | " 25 " 29 " 34.5 " 31.5 | | Aug. 26 | 29.79 | 68.3 | " 24.3 " 26 " 36.2 " 30 | | Aug. 27 | 29.93 | 63 | " 27.0 " 22.1 " 33.7 " 37.2 | | Aug. 29 | 30.15 | 71 | " 25 " 23 " 27.7 " 26 | | Aug. 30 | 30.24 | 94.7 | " 22.4 " 21.3 " 26.0 " 25 | ### Inferior Culmination | Year | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | 1828 | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Aug. 7 | 30.07 | 51.7 | 333 15 6.5 15 10.3 15 6.4 15 3.0 | | Aug. 8 | 30.01 | 41 | " 15 2.0 15 6.0 15 5.0 14 59.0 | | Aug. 9 | 29.80 | 43.6 | " 14 47.0 14 48.2 14 46.0 14 43.6 | | Aug. 13 | 30.05 | 40.0 | " 15 0.0 15 2.0 14 58.7 14 57.5 | | Aug. 16 | 29.62 | 43 | " 14 48.3 14 47.0 14 49.0 14 46.0 | | Aug. 19 | 30.10 | 33 | " 15 1.5 15 1.2 15 0.4 14 56.4 | | Aug. 20 | 30.09 | 39 | " 15 1.0 14 59.0 14 57.3 14 56.2 | | Aug. 23 | 30.05 | 39 | " 14 59.3 14 59.0 14 54.0 14 51.0 | | Aug. 25 | 29.81 | 44 | " 14 44.5 14 46.0 14 45.0 14 41.0 | | Aug. 26 | 29.87 | 44 | " 14 44.5 14 46 14 45 14 41.0 | | Aug. 27 | 30.20 | 36.2 | " 14 57.0 15 1.4 15 0.0 14 51.2 | | Aug. 28 | 30.24 | 34.5 | " 15 0.0 15 3.0 15 2 14 54.0 | | Sept. 1 | 30.23 | 43 | " 14 54.0 14 49.0 14 50.3 14 42.7 | Mean S. P. D. of β Trianguli, Jan. 1, 1828 .......... 27° 6' 42".2 by 43 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **α Hydri. (Ann. Var. + 17''.62.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1823 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 25 | 29.75 | 54 | 163 32 35.2 | 33 29.8 | 33 31 | 33 6.4 | | 26 | 29.56 | 60 | 163 32 32.5 | 33 23 | 33 23.3 | 33 1.2 | | May 25... Mean... | 163 32 33.8 | 33 26.4 | 33 27.1 | 33 3.8 | | Refract. and Reduct. | +31.1 | 31.1 | 31.1 | 31.1 | | Superior Culminat. | 163 33 4.9 | 33 57.5 | 33 58.2 | 33 34.9 | | Inferior Culminat... | 108 22 20.9 | 23 19.0 | 23 4.1 | 22 37.7 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 27 35 24.3 | 35 24.4 | 35 24.3 | 35 24.4 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1823 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 26 | 29.60 | 57.5 | 108 31 11.7 | 32 10.5 | 31 54.7 | 31 32.0 | | 27 | 29.66 | 56 | " 14.7 | " 16.7 | 32 0.3 | " 31.5 | | June 3 | 30.27 | 50 | " 32.5 | " 32.0 | 32 2.3 | " 46.3 | | 10 | 30.02 | 47.5 | " 28.4 | " 24.8 | 32 15.3 | " 45.4 | | 11 | 30.02 | 44 | " 33.4 | " 32.1 | 32 19.1 | " 54.5 | | June 3... Mean... | 108 31 24.1 | 32 23.2 | 32 8.3 | 31 41.9 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -9 4.2 | 9 4.2 | 9 4.2 | 9 4.2 | | | 108 22 20.9 | 23 19.0 | 23 4.1 | 22 37.7 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ............... 27° 35' 24''.35 by 7 Observ. #### 1828. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | inches.| | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | May 28 | 29.89 | 47 | 27 49 28.1 | 49 30.4 | 49 36.2 | 49 28 | | 29 | 29.83 | 47.2 | " 34.3 | " 34.0 | " 34 | " 32 | | 31 | 30.01 | 46 | " 25.7 | " 33.3 | " 26.4 | | June 1 | 30.05 | 44.7 | " 25.0 | " 28.5 | " 32 | " 22.7 | | 6 | 29.57 | 46 | " 25 | " 29.2 | " 34 | " 27.5 | | 7 | 29.44 | 46.7 | " 30.7 | " 28.7 | " 34.2 | " 28 | | 12 | 29.98 | 38 | " 30.8 | " 32.0 | " 37.2 | " 34 | | 13 | 30.03 | 36 | " 38.0 | " 33.0 | " 40.5 | " 36.5 | | 16 | 30.05 | 41 | " 42.0 | " 32.5 | " 38.0 | " 47.0 | | 17 | 30.19 | 38 | " 31 | " 31.0 | " 33.5 | " 37 | | June 7...Mean... | 27 49 31.1 | 49 30.6 | 49 35.3 | 49 31.9 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -50.8 | 50.8 | 50.8 | 50.8 | | Superior Culminat. | 27 48 40.3 | 48 39.8 | 48 44.5 | 48 41.1 | | Inferior Culminat... | 332 37 45.8 | 37 50.1 | 37 54.6 | 37 41.8 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 27 35 27.2 | 35 24.9 | 35 24.9 | 35 29.7 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ............... 27° 35' 26''.68 by 15 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of α Hydri, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 27° 35' 25''.9 by 22 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. #### 1 α Crucis. (Ann. Var. — 19°.987.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | June 5 | 29.95 | 51° | 27 53 3 52 50 53 13.7 53 20 | | 15 | 30.12 | 47 | 27 53 7 52 52 53 26.0 53 4 | | June 10 | Mean... | Refract. and Reduct. | 27 53 5.0 52 51.0 53 19.8 53 12.0 | | | | | -1 59.4 1 59.4 1 59.4 1 59.4 | | Superior Culminat. | 27 51 5.6 50 51.6 51 20.4 51 12.6 | | Inferior Culminat. | 332 8 25.6 8 12.0 8 43.0 8 24.7 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 27 51 20.0 51 19.8 51 18.7 51 23.9 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ..............27° 51' 20".6 by 3 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | June 17 | 29.93 | 44 | 332 15 29.9 15 16.3 15 47.3 15 29.0 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -7 4.3 7 4.3 7 4.3 7 4.3 | | | | | 332 8 25.6 8 12.0 8 43.0 8 24.7 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ..............27° 51' 20".6 by 3 Observ. --- #### 1822. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | Nov. 3 | 30.50 | 68 | 65 49 11.2 49 51.2 49 35 49 21.7 | | 6 | 29.62 | 75 | 8.0 49 58.7 ,, 33.7 ,, 21.5 | | 7 | 29.78 | 65.5 | 5.6 49 53.0 ,, 31.0 ,, 17.0 | | 24 | 30.12 | 72 | 7.5 50 1.3 ,, 38.4 ,, 28.5 | | 28 | 30.08 | 78 | 5.0 50 5.7 ,, 31.8 ,, 21.0 | | 29 | 30.01 | 78 | 4.0 50 36.4 ,, 30.4 ,, 21.0 | | Dec. 12 | 29.57 | 84 | 11.0 50 47.6 ,, 45 ,, 33.7 | | 13 | 29.52 | 78.2 | 9.3 50 45.8 ,, 40.7 ,, 30.1 | | 14 | 29.60 | 74.5 | 12.2 ............ ,, 40.8 ,, 28.5 | | 16 | 29.68 | 64 | 6.2 ............ ,, 26.0 | | Nov. 27 | Mean... | Refract. and Reduct. | 65 49 8.0 50 14.9 49 36.6 49 24.9 | | | | | -2 22.2 2 22.3 2 22.2 2 22.3 | | Superior Culminat. | 65 46 45.8 47 52.6 47 14.4 47 2.6 | | Inferior Culminat. | 10 4 23.3 5 4.5 4 42.9 4 26.6 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 27 51 11.2 51 24.0 51 15.7 51 18.0 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ..............27° 51' 17".2 by 19 Observ. --- #### 1827. | 1827. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | Nov. 18 | 29.68 | 70 | 28 6 46.1 6 45.0 6 56.7 6 57.0 | | 19 | 29.63 | 62.5 | 51.7 ,, 53.3 7 6.3 7 0.0 | | 25 | 30.05 | 71.4 | 49.5 ,, 47.7 7 59 7 55.3 | | 30 | 29.97 | 71.0 | 51.2 ,, 47.0 7 58 7 54 | | Dec. 1 | 29.86 | 67.5 | 46 ,, 42.1 7 55.5 7 48.7 | | 3 | 29.95 | 62.2 | 47.5 ,, 43.0 7 55.8 7 50.7 | | 6 | 30.04 | 72.5 | 42.5 ,, 43 7 52.3 7 48.0 | | 7 | 30.00 | 74.4 | 45.0 ,, 44 7 50.0 7 49.5 | | Nov. 28 | Mean... | Refract. and Reduct. | 28 6 47.4 6 45.6 6 56.7 6 52.9 | | | | | -46.3 46.3 46.3 46.3 | | Superior Culminat. | 28 6 1.1 5 59.3 6 10.4 6 6.6 | | Inferior Culminat. | 332 23 30.2 23 32.6 23 37.8 23 26.9 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 27 51 15.4 51 13.4 51 16.3 51 19.8 | Mean Inside Temperature 70°.3. Mean of 4 Microscopes ..............27° 51' 16".24 by 11 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of 1 α Crucis, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . . 27° 51' 17".1 by 33 Observ. MDCCCXXIX. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **α Tucanæ. (Ann. Var. + 17".616.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |------|--------|--------|--------------|----|-----|------|-----| | May 21 | inches. | 29.93 | 48 | 28 52 12.5 | 51 45 | 52 21.7 | 52 18.5 | | 26 | 29.84 | 46 | " 52 3.0 | 51 40 | " 16.3 | " 11.5 | | 28 | 30.04 | 44 | " 52 6.0 | 51 41.2 | " 24 | " 14.0 | | 29 | 29.88 | 48 | " 52 0.5 | 51 31.6 | " 19 | " 11.0 | | 30 | 29.63 | 51 | " 52 0.5 | 51 43.2 | " 20 | " 13.0 | | 31 | 29.57 | 58 | " 52 1.3 | 52 2 | " 23.5 | " 16.0 | | June 3 | 29.71 | 48 | " 51 59.5 | 51 59.3 | " 14.4 | " 4.8 | | 6 | 30.03 | 46 | " 52 13.5 | " | " | " 17.9 | | 15 | 30.12 | 34 | " 52 12.0 | " | " | " 29.3 | " 11.4 | May 31... Mean ... Refract. and Reduct. +51.7 51.7 51.7 51.7 Superior Culminat. 28 52 57.1 52 37.7 53 12.7 53 4.8 Inferior Culminat... 331 6 27.5 6 15.1 6 40.7 6 24.3 Half Diff. S. P. D. 28 53 14.8 53 11.3 53 16.0 53 20.2 Mean of 4 Microscopes .............28° 53' 16".0 by 13 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |------|--------|--------|--------------|----|-----|------|-----| | May 26 | inches. | 29.62 | 60 | 331 17 18 | 16 48.5 | 17 36.4 | 17 5.0 | | June 2 | 29.85 | 57 | " 26.0 | " | " | " | " 22.5 | | 3 | 29.76 | 56 | " 17.0 | 17 10 | " 27.0 | " 5.3 | | 4 | 29.90 | 57 | " 28.7 | 17 34.0 | " 45.7 | " 26.8 | | June 1... Mean ... Refract. and Reduct. -10 55.7 10 55.7 10 55.7 10 55.6 | | 331 6 27.5 | 6 15.1 | 6 40.7 | 6 24.3 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..............28° 53' 16".0 by 13 Observ. #### 1827. | 1827 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |------|--------|--------|--------------|----|-----|------|-----| | May 4 | inches. | 29.91 | 51 | 331 31 7.0 | 31 12.0 | 31 11.0 | 30 50.0 | | 6 | 30.164 | 48 | " 48.5 | 51.8 | 8 48 | 8 44 | | 8 | 30.145 | 46 | " 43.6 | 50.8 | 8 56.1 | 9 1.3 | | 19 | 30.02 | 41 | " 44.8 | 50.7 | 8 54.4 | 9 3.7 | | 22 | 30.20 | 48 | " 43.5 | 48 | 8 51.1 | 9 6.0 | | 23 | 30.14 | 50 | " 42 | 47.3 | 8 56 | 9 5.1 | | 24 | 30.18 | 49 | " 42.3 | 53.3 | 8 57.4 | 9 5.5 | | 25 | 30.12 | 45.5 | " 45.0 | 51.2 | 8 54.1 | 9 5.4 | | 31 | 30.33 | 45 | " 48.5 | 54.0 | 9 0 | 9 7.8 | May 19... Mean ... Refract. and Reduct. -41.5 41.5 41.5 41.5 Superior Culminat. 29 8 03.2 8 9.5 8 12.5 8 18.5 Inferior Culminat... 331 21 40.5 21 39.4 21 44.3 21 38.1 Half Diff. S. P. D. 28 53 11.3 53 15.1 53 14.1 53 20.2 Mean of 4 Microscopes..............28° 53' 15".17 by 17 Observ. #### 1828. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |------|--------|--------|--------------|----|-----|------|-----| | April 4 | inches. | 30.05 | 59 | 29 7 36.4 | 7 34.5 | 7 45.3 | 7 41.5 | | 7 | 30.05 | 66 | " 37.0 | 33.4 | 47.3 | 41.0 | | 9 | 29.77 | 63.7 | " 28.0 | 28.5 | 42.3 | 36.3 | | 10 | 29.85 | 61.5 | " 28.7 | 33 | 43.5 | 38.8 | | 12 | " | " 27.0 | " 25.7 | 38.6 | " 31.7 | April 8... Mean ... Refract. and Reduct. -48.2 48.2 48.3 48.2 Superior Culminat. 29 6 43.2 6 42.8 6 55.1 6 49.7 Inferior Culminat... 331 20 6.1 20 7.0 20 9.9 20 6.2 Half Diff. S. P. D. 28 53 18.55 53 17.9 53 22.6 53 21.7 Mean of 4 Microscopes..............28° 53' 20".19 by 8 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. **α Tucanæ. (Ann. Var. + 17°.616.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | Apr. 16 | 30.15 | 58.5 | 29 | 45.7 | 31 | 45.7 | | | | | 7 | 31 | 7 | 34.5 | | | | | 7 | 45.7 | 7 | 34.5 | | | | | 7 | 45.7 | 7 | 34.5 | | | | | 7 | 45.7 | 7 | 34.5 | | | | | 7 | 45.7 | 7 | 34.5 | | | | | 7 | 45.7 | 7 | 34.5 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | Apr. 20 | 29.85 | 60 | 331 | 29 | 19 | 29 | | | | | 20.9 | 29 | 24 | 29 | | | | | 20.9 | 29 | 24 | 29 | | | | | 20.9 | 29 | 24 | 29 | | | | | 20.9 | 29 | 24 | 29 | | | | | 20.9 | 29 | 24 | 29 | #### Mean S. P. D. of α Tucanæ, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . 28° 53' 18".46 by 76 Observ. --- **Mean of 4 Microscopes……………28° 53' 20".75 by 12 Observ.** --- **Mean of 4 Microscopes……………28° 53' 19".89 by 17 Observ.** --- **Mean of 4 Microscopes……………28° 53' 20".61 by 9 Observ.** --- **Mean S. P. D. of α Tucanæ, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . 28° 53' 18".46 by 76 Observ.** ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS #### 1 α Centauri. (Ann. Var. — 15''.971.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1827.** Barom. | **1827.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | Microscopes | Microscopes | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Dec. 12 inches | Dec. 16 inches | | 29.58 | 30.224 | | 87 | 61.7 | | 30.25 | 30 | | 77 | 32 | | 30.23 | 53.8 | | 78.7 | 9.0 | | ,, 8 0.0 | ,, 7.7 | | ,, 53.7 | ,, 7 | | Dec. 14... Mean | Refract. and Reduct. | | 30 | —42.7 | | 7 55.3 | 42.6 | | 7 53.0 | 42.6 | | 8 6.0 | 42.6 | | 8 6.0 | | | Superior Culminat. | | | 30 | | | 7 12.6 | | | 7 10.4 | | | 7 23.4 | | | 7 23.4 | | | Inferior Culminat. | | | 330 | | | 22 0.9 | | | 22 1.3 | | | 22 4.5 | | | 22 1.8 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | 29 52 | | | 35.9 | | | 52 34.5 | | | 52 39.4 | | | 52 40.8 | | Mean S. P. D. of 1 α Centauri, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 29° 52' 37''.66 by 4 Observ. #### 2 α Centauri. (Ann. Var. — 15''.970.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1822.** Barom. | **1822.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | Microscopes | Microscopes | | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | Nov. 28 inches | Dec. 11 inches | | 30.06 | 29.75 | | 85 | 70.3 | | 67 50 22.3 | 12 25.0 | | 51 10.9 | 12 50 | | 50 43.5 | 12 36.1 | | 50 27.3 | 12 18.3 | | Dec. 10 inches | | | 29.78 | | | 82 | | | ,, 23.7 | | | 50 53.8 | | | ,, 48.7 | | | ,, 33.5 | | | 29.48 | | | 84.5 | | | ,, 25.0 | | | 50 53.4 | | | ,, 49.3 | | | ,, 31.4 | | | 29.60 | | | 81 | | | ,, 21.4 | | | 50 50.5 | | | ,, 46.2 | | | ,, 32.4 | | | 30.00 | | | 83 | | | ,, 22.4 | | | 51 7.0 | | | ,, 49.7 | | | ,, 32.1 | | | 1823. | | | Jan. 19 inches | Dec. 19... Mean | | 29.87 | | | 50 | | | ,, 16.5 | | | 51 0.5 | | | ,, 45.0 | | | ,, 30.3 | | | 30.02 | | | 64 | | | ,, 24.0 | | | 51 17.0 | | | ,, 56.9 | | | ,, 40.0 | | | Dec. 20... Mean | Refract. and Reduct. | | 67 50 22.3 | —9 29.6 | | 51 0.7 | 9 29.6 | | 50 48.0 | 9 29.6 | | 50 32.0 | 9 29.6 | | Refract. and Reduct. | | | —1 52.4 | | | 1 52.4 | | | 1 52.4 | | | 1 52.3 | | | Superior Culminat. | | | 67 48 29.9 | | | 49 8.3 | | | 48 55.6 | | | 48 39.7 | | | Inferior Culminat. | | | 8 2 52.1 | | | 3 24.2 | | | 3 10.1 | | | 2 48.2 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | 29 52 48.9 | | | 52 52.0 | | | 52 52.7 | | | 52 55.7 | | Mean of 4 Microscopes.............29° 52' 52''.34 by 13 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. #### 2 α Centauri. (Ann. Var. — 15''.970.)—(Continued.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1826.** Barom. | **1826.** Barom. | | Therm. | Therm. | | I. | I. | | II. | II. | | III. | III. | | IV. | IV. | #### Superior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------| | July 11| 29.74 | 43 | 30 34 17.0 | 34 9.6 | 34 16 | 34 18 | | | 29.90 | 42 | | 17.0 | | 10.0 | | | 30.06 | 46.5 | | | | 8.0 | | | 30.10 | 46 | | | | 12.0 | | | 29.84 | 46 | | | | 17.0 | | | 29.27 | 48 | | | | 13.0 | | | 30.38 | 50 | | | | 10.7 | | Aug. 1 | 30.21 | 52 | | | | 18.0 | | | 30.14 | 51 | | | | 14.3 | | July 23| Mean...| | | | | | | Refract. and Reduct.| -34.9 | | | | | | | Superior Culminat.| 30 33 40.2 | 33 34.3 | 33 41.6 | 33 48.0 | | Inferior Culminat.| 330 47 53.8 | 47 47.6 | 47 50.4 | 47 54.5 | | Half Diff. S. P. D.| 29 52 53.2 | 52 53.3 | 52 55.6 | 52 54.3 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..............29° 52' 54''.1 by 12 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination | Date | Barom. | Therm. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | |--------|--------|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------| | July 16| 30.114| 25 | 331 0 9.5 | 0 4.3 | 0 7.5 | 0 8 | | | 29.55 | 39 | 330 59 26.0 | 59 21.0 | 59 22.0 | 59 29 | | | 30.36 | 32 | 331 0 1.0 | 59 53 | 59 57.0 | 0 2.0 | | July 24| Mean...| | | | | | | Refract. and Reduct.| -11 58.4 | | | | | | | | 330 47 53.8 | 47 47.6 | 47 50.4 | 47 54.5 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..............29° 52' 54''.92 by 7 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS #### 2 α Centauri. (Ann. Var. — 15''.970.)—(Continued.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1827.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | **1827.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | | Nov. 18 | 29.64 | 82 | 30° 6' 21.6" | 6° 16.9" | 8° 30" | 8° 28.2" | Nov. 21 | 29.75 | 58.7 | 330° 32' 44.8" | 32° 48" | 32° 46.3" | 32° 46" | | 21 | 29.81 | 66.5 | " 17 | 17.3 | 30 | 26.2 | 25 | 30.113 | 52 | " 33 | 6 | 33 | 7.7 | 33 | 10.5 | | 25 | 30.02 | 77 | " 18 | 19.5 | 31 | 28.0 | 29 | 29.745 | 61.5 | " 32 | 33 | 32 | 43.3 | 32 | 35.2 | 32 | 40 | | Dec. 1 | 29.85 | 81.3 | " 19 | 12.3 | 27.2 | 21.5 | Dec. 5 | 29.96 | 65 | " 32 | 32.1 | 32 | 30.6 | 32 | 35.5 | 32 | 32.3 | | 8 | 29.99 | 86.3 | " 19 | 11.5 | 26.0 | 23 | 17 | 30.154 | 65.7 | " 32 | 34 | 32 | 34.3 | 32 | 34.7 | 32 | 31.0 | | 9 | 29.79 | 97 | " 15.5 | 13.7 | 27.5 | 21.0 | 18 | 29.932 | 72 | " 32 | 12.0 | 32 | 10.3 | 32 | 18.1 | 32 | 10.0 | | 13 | 29.80 | 78.5 | " 15.5 | 9.6 | 21.5 | 24.6 | 20 | 29.65 | 77.0 | " 31 | 50 | 31 | 56.0 | 31 | 55.0 | 31 | 50 | | 17 | 30.08 | 82.5 | " 17.0 | 12.1 | 24.8 | 17.5 | 22 | 29.83 | 69 | " 32 | 8.4 | 32 | 8.5 | 32 | 11.1 | 32 | 9.0 | | 18 | 29.86 | 91 | " 10 | 14.8 | 27.5 | 16.6 | Dec. 8... Mean ... | 330 | 32 | 27.5 | 32 | 30.0 | 32 | 29.2 | 32 | 28.6 | | 21 | 29.81 | 79.2 | " 10.5 | 8.5 | 23.2 | 19.1 | Refract. and Reduct. | -10 | 49.3 | 10 | 49.3 | 10 | 49.3 | 30 | 49.3 | | 24 | 29.88 | 70 | " 6.0 | 3.2 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 330 | 21 | 38.2 | 21 | 40.7 | 21 | 39.9 | 21 | 39.3 | Mean Inside Temperature 69°.3. Mean of 4 Microscopes..............29° 52' 58''.92 by 19 Observ. --- | **1828.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | |-----------|------------|------------|------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | Aug. 15 | 29.72 | 58 | 30° 6' 38.7" | 6° 36" | 6° 47.5" | 6° 39.5" | | 16 | 29.57 | 62.5 | " 39.0 | 35 | 47.0 | 45.5 | | 24 | 30.05 | 64.2 | " 40.0 | 32.7 | 46.0 | 38.7 | | 25 | 29.65 | 73 | " 34.0 | 32.1 | 38.3 | 39.4 | | 29 | 30.15 | 71 | " 39.0 | 30 | 42.2 | 40.6 | | 30 | 30.22 | 70 | " 34.5 | 31.2 | 45.0 | 41.0 | | Sept. 5 | 29.91 | 63.5 | " 34.3 | 30.0 | 40.0 | 41.2 | | Aug. 25... Mean ... | 30 | 6 | 36.5 | 6 | 32.4 | 6 | 43.7 | 6 | 40.8 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | | Superior Culminat. | 30 | 6 | 27.6 | 6 | 23.5 | 6 | 34.8 | 6 | 31.9 | | Inferior Culminat... | 330 | 20 | 27.0 | 20 | 24.6 | 20 | 26.7 | 20 | 23.1 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 29 | 53 | 0.2 | 52 | 59.4 | 53 | 4.1 | 53 | 4.4 | Mean of 4 Microscopes..................29° 53' 2''.05 by 16 Observ. ### 2 α Centauri. (Ann. Var. — 15''.970.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1828. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Oct. | | | | | | | | 7 | 30.16 | 64.5 | 30 | 35.4 | 38 | 43.3 | 41.0 | | 19 | 29.90 | 73 | " | 32.5 | 34.7 | 43.2 | 37.0 | | 29 | 29.76 | 86 | " | 35.1 | 40.0 | 43.7 | 44.2 | | 30 | 30.04 | 73 | " | 29.0 | 39.5 | 51.0 | 44.2 | | Nov. | 29.94 | 75 | " | 37.1 | 36.5 | 48.5 | 39.3 | | 7 | 29.84 | 77 | " | 35.7 | 37.8 | 41.0 | 43.2 | | 9 | 29.79 | 58 | " | 34.0 | 39.0 | 45 | 40 | | 11 | 29.54 | 80 | " | 37.5 | 40.8 | 47.0 | 45 | | 12 | 29.57 | 76.7 | " | 40.0 | 40.0 | 42.0 | 42.3 | | 14 | 29.52 | 80 | " | 37.0 | 42.6 | 45.8 | 45.5 | | 16 | 29.50 | 77.5 | " | 40.3 | 38.0 | 44.0 | 45.0 | | 23 | 29.77 | 70.5 | " | 38.6 | 40.3 | 51.0 | 46.5 | | 25 | 29.79 | 82 | " | 36.7 | 33.0 | 40.0 | 39.3 | | 26 | 29.93 | 80 | " | 33.5 | 37.7 | 43 | 38.0 | | 27 | 29.98 | 80.2 | " | 30.8 | 37.5 | 42 | 39.0 | | Dec. | 30.04 | 82 | " | 40.8 | 39.5 | 51 | 43.0 | | 14 | 29.94 | 82.5 | " | 40.7 | 43 | 51 | 49.7 | | 15 | 29.83 | 95 | " | 37.0 | 43.7 | 45 | 48.0 | | 23 | 29.69 | 90.5 | " | 44.0 | 44.5 | 52.0 | 50.0 | | 26 | 30.11 | 72.5 | " | 42 | 46 | 43 | 45 | Nov. 18... Mean ... 30 7 36.9 7 39.6 7 45.6 7 43.3 Refract. and Reduct. -26.14 26.2 26.1 26.2 Superior Culminat. 30 7 10.8 7 13.4 7 19.5 7 17.1 Inferior Culminat... 330 21 23.0 21 23.3 21 23.5 21 19.7 Half Diff. S. P. D. 29 52 53.9 52 55.1 52 58.0 52 58.7 Mean S. P. D. of 2 α Centauri, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . 29° 52' 57''.205 by 94 Observ. ### β Centauri. (Ann. Var. — 17''.69.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1822. | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |-------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Nov. | 30.10 | 81.1 | 68 | 25 20.2 | 26 | 8.2 | 25 42 | 25 24.5 | | Dec. | 29.57 | 79 | " | 16.2 | 25 51.8 | " | 46.2 | " | 31 | | 17 | 29.67 | 77 | " | 19.1 | 26 8.7 | " | 46.9 | " | 34.4 | | 19 | 29.85 | 74 | " | 16.9 | 26 3.7 | " | 43.4 | " | 32.0 | | 20 | 29.94 | 68.2 | " | 13.5 | 26 1.2 | " | 42.1 | " | 31.7 | | 21 | 30.04 | 73 | " | 15 | 26 5.4 | " | 44.1 | " | 31.1 | | 22 | 30.07 | 74.5 | " | 18.5 | 26 4.3 | " | 47.9 | " | 33.7 | | 23 | 30.00 | 78 | " | 17.3 | 26 3.8 | " | 43.7 | " | 29.2 | | Dec. 16... Mean ... 68 25 17.1 26 3.4 25 44.5 25 31.0 Refract. and Reduct. -2 2.9 2 3.0 2 2.9 2 3.0 Superior Culminat. 68 23 14.2 24 0.4 23 41.6 23 28.0 Inferior Culminat... 7 28 21.1 28 52.6 28 33.9 28 22.8 Half Diff. S. P. D. 30 27 26.5 27 33.9 27 33.9 27 32.6 Mean of 4 Microscopes ............. 30° 27' 31''.72 by 13 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **β Centauri. (Ann. Var. — 17⅝.69.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1827 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Nov. 19 | 29.62 | 65.3 | 39 43 4 43 9 43 18 43 13 | | Dec. 1 | 29.86 | 81.9 | 43 3.7 43 6 15.7 43 9.7 | | 7 | 29.99 | 83.7 | 43 1.6 43 0 10.8 43 5.9 | | 8 | 29.80 | 93.8 | 42 56.0 43 0.8 10.3 43 8.1 | | 12 | 29.60 | 83.3 | 42 57.0 42 58.4 8.3 43 2 | | 16 | 30.23 | 76.5 | 43 0.0 43 1.1 10.4 43 18 | | 18 | 29.86 | 91 | 42 57.7 42 59.5 8.3 42 59.5 | | 21 | 29.81 | 73.5 | 42 53.0 42 58.0 1.5 43 9.5 | | 27 | 30.12 | 70.6 | 42 51.5 42 55.5 7.4 43 5.0 | | 28 | 30.08 | 72.5 | 42 53.0 42 57.0 10.0 43 8.1 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1827 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Dec. 5 | 29.95 | 65.3 | 329 58 59.6 59 2 59 0.5 59 0.5 | | | 30.03 | 66.2 | 59 2.7 59 5.9 59 2.3 59 3.4 | | | 30.20 | 62 | 59 5.0 59 15.0 59 10.7 59 5.5 | | | 30.21 | 66.5 | 58 88.5 59 4.2 59 5.0 58 58.0 | | | 29.93 | 72.5 | 58 45.0 58 48.7 58 46.0 58 43.0 | | Dec. 10 | Mean... | 329 58 58.2 | 59 7.2 59 0.4 58 58.1 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -12 4.4 | 12 4.4 12 4.4 12 4.4 | | | 329 46 53.8 | 47 2.8 46 56.0 46 53.7 | Mean Inside Temperature 71°.7. Mean of 4 Microscopes.............30° 27' 43" by 16 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of β Centauri, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . 30° 27' 37" by 29 Observ. --- ### η Argus. (Ann. Var. — 18⅝.76.) #### Superior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | May 21 | 29.96 | 53 | 31 14 37.4 14 27.5 14 57.0 14 32.5 | | May 22 | 29.76 | 62 | 31 14 35.0 14 13.5 14 53.2 14 52.0 | | May 21.5...Mean... | 31 14 36.2 | 14 20.5 14 55.1 14 52.2 | | Refract. + Reduct. | -1 50.4 | 1 50.4 1 50.4 1 50.4 | | Superior Culminat... | 31 13 11.7 | 13 11.8 13 12.4 13 18.8 | | Inferior Culminat... | 328 46 22.4 | 46 6.5 46 39.9 46 24.2 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 31 13 11.7 | 13 11.8 13 12.4 13 18.8 | Mean of 4 Microscopes.............31° 13' 13" by 6 Observ. #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | May 24 | 29.78 | 50 | 329 0 9.5 59 51.0 0 27.0 0 18.0 | | May 26 | 29.84 | 44 | 329 0 19.0 59 58.2 ,, 36.2 ,, 17.7 | | May 28 | 30.04 | 44 | 329 0 15.0 0 1.3 ,, 35.0 ,, 26.7 | | May 30 | 29.63 | 51 | 328 59 58.7 59 47.8 ,, 13.4 ,, 7.0 | | May 27 | Mean... | 329 0 10.5 | 59 54.6 0 28.0 0 12.2 | | Refract.and Reduct. | -13 48.1 | 13 48.1 13 48.1 13 48.1 | | | 328 46 22.4 | 46 6.5 46 39.9 46 24.2 | Mean Inside Temperature 45°. Mean of 4 Microscopes.............31° 13' 3" by 7 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of η Argus, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . 31° 13' 18" by 13 Observ. ### AT THE OBSERVATORY AT PARAMATTA. **β Crucis. (Ann. Var. — 19''.755.)** #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | Oct. 30 | 29.79 | 7° | 69 13 1.6 | | | | | 13 16.8 13 9.8 | | Nov. 1 | 29.66 | 76.5 | 2.3 | | | | | 22.0 | | | | | 15.0 | | | | | 5.0 | | | | | 2.2 | | | | | 7.5 | | | | | 5.9 | | | | | 10.0 | | | | | 7.1 | | | | | 2.0 | | | | | 1.0 | | Dec. 12 | 29.56 | 75.5 | 6.0 | | | | | 2.7 | | | | | 3.0 | | | | | 0.5 | | Nov. 22 | Mean ... | 4.0 | 13 41.8 | | | Refract. and Reduct. | -2 14.5 | 2 14.5 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |--------|--------|--------|-------------| | Nov. 3 | 29.72 | 68.3 | 6 53 6.0 | | | | | 53 49.7 | | | | | 30.00 64 | | | | | 30.06 63.8 | | | | | 30.19 64.5 | | | | | 30.09 67.8 | | | | | 30.03 67.0 | | Nov. 18 | Mean ... | 15.8 | 53 54.2 | | | Refract. and Reduct. | -12 47.6 | 12 47.6 | Mean Inside Temperature 69°. Mean of 4 Microscopes...........31° 15' 12''.4 by 23 Observ. ### β Crucis. (Ann. Var. — 19°755.)—(Continued.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | Oct. 6 | inches | 30.16 | 56 | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | | | 31 29 | 52 | 29 59.5 | 30 0.0 | 29 54.5 | | | | 24 30.16 | 53 | " | 14 9.0 | 14 12.0 | 14 13.0 | | | | 27 29.78 | 61 | " | 13 44.0 | 13 58.0 | 13 49.0 | | | | 3 Nov. 29.85 | 52 | " | 13 52.0 | 14 6.0 | 13 58.2 | 13 56.0 | | | | 4 29.90 | 59 | " | 13 49.5 | 14 1.3 | 13 54.7 | 13 47.0 | | | | 13 29.60 | 59 | " | 13 45.4 | 14 0.2 | 13 55.0 | 13 46.5 | | | | 15 29.55 | 63 | " | 13 26.0 | 13 45.0 | 13 33.0 | 13 28.0 | | | | 17 29.50 | 66 | " | 13 21.0 | 13 33.0 | 13 27.0 | 13 24.4 | | | | 20 29.50 | 70 | " | 13 51.5 | 13 59.0 | 13 54.4 | 13 53.0 | | | | 26 29.85 | 80 | " | 12 49.0 | 13 1.0 | 12 53.0 | 12 51.0 | | | | 27 29.90 | 67 | " | 13 23.7 | 13 33.0 | 13 26.0 | 13 25.6 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | Oct. 6 | inches | 30.04 | 48.5 | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | | | 329 14 | 19.2 | 14 37.5 | 14 25.0 | 14 24.0 | | | | 24 30.16 | 53 | " | 14 9.0 | 14 12.0 | 14 13.0 | | | | 27 29.78 | 61 | " | 13 44.0 | 13 58.0 | 13 49.0 | | | | 3 Nov. 29.85 | 52 | " | 13 52.0 | 14 6.0 | 13 58.2 | 13 56.0 | | | | 4 29.90 | 59 | " | 13 49.5 | 14 1.3 | 13 54.7 | 13 47.0 | | | | 13 29.60 | 59 | " | 13 45.4 | 14 0.2 | 13 55.0 | 13 46.5 | | | | 15 29.55 | 63 | " | 13 26.0 | 13 45.0 | 13 33.0 | 13 28.0 | | | | 17 29.50 | 66 | " | 13 21.0 | 13 33.0 | 13 27.0 | 13 24.4 | | | | 20 29.50 | 70 | " | 13 51.5 | 13 59.0 | 13 54.4 | 13 53.0 | | | | 26 29.85 | 80 | " | 12 49.0 | 13 1.0 | 12 53.0 | 12 51.0 | | | | 27 29.90 | 67 | " | 13 23.7 | 13 33.0 | 13 26.0 | 13 25.6 | #### Mean Inside Temperature 66°7. Mean of 4 Microscopes...........31° 15' 15".3 by 53 Observ. --- ### α Eridani. (Ann. Var. + 18°462.) #### Superior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | May 2 | inches | 30.09 | 64 | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | | | 31 51 | 52.7 | 52 47.2 | 51 55 | 51 39.7 | | | | 5 30.28 | 66.5 | " | 49.3 | 43.5 | 51.7 | 40.0 | | | | 9 29.91 | 59.3 | " | 47.0 | 10.5 | 54.2 | 38.3 | | | | 10 30.11 | 53 | " | 45.5 | 11.8 | 51.0 | 40.0 | #### Inferior Culmination. | Date | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes | |------|--------|--------|-------------| | May 9 | inches | 29.86 | 60.5 | I. | II. | III. | IV. | | | | 328 24 | 49.5 | 25 1.3 | 24 55.3 | 24 39.5 | | | | 11 30.17 | 47.7 | " | 328 25 | 23.0 | 25 46.5 | 25 38.0 | 24 57.5 | | May 10 | Mean ... | 328 25 | 6.2 | 25 23.9 | 25 16.6 | 24 48.5 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -18 13.9 | 18 13.9 | 18 13.9 | 18 13.9 | #### Mean Inside Temperature 48°. Mean of 4 Microscopes...........31° 53' 4"97 by 6 Observ. α Eridani. (Ann. Var. + 18''.462.)—(Continued.) | Superior Culmination. | Inferior Culmination. | |-----------------------|-----------------------| | **1822.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | **1822.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | | May 21 | inches. | 29.91 | 38 | 31 51 52.5 | 51 26 | 52 7.1 | 52 1.4 | May 21 | inches. | 29.98 | 50 | 328 25 20.2 | 24 51 | 25 35.6 | 25 20.5 | | 25 29.68 | 55 | " | 56.0 | " | 26.2 | " | 11.0 | " | 0.0 | 29 29.93 | 47 | " | 20.0 | " | 57.0 | " | 39.5 | " | 15.4 | | 28 30.03 | 52 | " | 53.7 | " | 8.0 | " | 15.7 | " | 6.0 | 30 29.71 | 48 | " | 27.2 | " | 47.5 | " | 35.0 | " | 19.8 | | June 2 | 29.87 | 57 | " | 52.7 | " | 13.0 | " | 37.0 | " | 3.0 | June 2 | 29.92 | 50 | " | 15.0 | " | ........... | " | 27.7 | " | 16.2 | | May 27 | Mean | 31 51 53.7 | 51 18.3 | 52 17.7 | 52 2.6 | May 28 | Mean | 328 25 20.6 | 24 51.4 | 25 34.4 | 25 18 | | Refract. and Reduct. | +59.7 | 59.7 | 59.7 | 59.7 | Refract. and Reduct. | -18 50.4 | 18 50.4 | 18 50.4 | 18 50.4 | | Superior Culminat. | 31 52 53.4 | 52 18.0 | 53 17.4 | 53 2.3 | 328 6 30.2 | 6 1.0 | 6 44.0 | 6 27.6 | | Inferior Culminat. | 328 6 30.2 | 6 1.0 | 6 44.0 | 6 27.6 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 31 53 11.6 | 53 8.5 | 53 16.7 | 53 17.4 | Mean Inside Temperature 48°. Mean of 4 Microscopes.............31° 53' 13''.5 by 8 Observ. | **1822.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | **1822.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | | June 1 | inches. | 29.86 | 49 | 31 51 56 | 51 52.7 | 52 9.8 | 52 17.0 | June 1 | inches. | 29.70 | 53 | 328 24 38 | 24 22.0 | 24 50 | 24 33.5 | | 3 | 29.86 | 52 | " | 51 57.0 | 52 0.0 | " | 16.8 | 52 4.0 | 4 | 29.99 | 46 | " | 25 28 | 25 34.0 | 25 33.7 | 25 17.6 | | 7 | 30.15 | 39 | " | 51 58 | 51 58 | " | 25.0 | 52 7.0 | 9 | 29.92 | 47.5 | " | 25 11.5 | 25 0.8 | 25 25.2 | 25 12.2 | | 9 | 29.88 | 40 | " | 52 0.5 | 51 58.5 | " | 23.3 | 52 13.0 | 14 | 29.95 | 47.5 | " | 25 9.0 | 24 53.4 | 25 21.5 | 25 8.5 | | 10 | 29.67 | 50 | " | 52 1.5 | 51 53.0 | " | 26.0 | 52 10.0 | 20 | 30.00 | 36.5 | " | 25 43.6 | 25 48.0 | 25 58.4 | 25 36.3 | | 12 | 29.80 | 52 | " | 52 0.5 | 51 51.0 | " | 26.0 | 51 59.0 | 21 | 30.00 | 42.5 | " | 25 34.7 | 25 18.5 | 25 47.6 | 25 27.7 | | 15 | 30.05 | 40 | " | 52 3.7 | 51 54.8 | " | 23.8 | 52 11.7 | June 11 | Mean | 328 25 17.5 | 25 9.5 | 25 29.4 | 25 12.5 | | 16 | 30.00 | 39.5 | " | 52 4.0 | 51 51.5 | " | 24.3 | 52 12.0 | Refract. and Reduct. | -18 57.5 | 18 57.5 | 18 57.5 | 18 57.5 | | 17 | 29.93 | 46 | " | 52 5.8 | 51 53.7 | " | 26.3 | 52 9.3 | 328 6 20.0 | 6 12.0 | 6 31.9 | 6 15.0 | | 20 | 30.00 | 31 | " | 52 9.0 | 51 54.5 | " | 31.4 | 52 12.0 | | | 21 | 29.74 | 41 | " | 52 14.0 | 51 2.7 | " | 32.0 | 52 20.7 | | | 22 | 29.68 | 48 | " | 52 12.8 | 51 9.0 | " | 38.4 | 52 16.8 | | | 23 | 29.89 | 48 | " | 52 11.0 | 51 59.2 | " | 34.0 | 52 19.0 | | | June 13 | Mean | 31 52 4.1 | 51 56.8 | 52 25.9 | 52 11.7 | June 11 | Mean | 328 25 17.5 | 25 9.5 | 25 29.4 | 25 12.5 | | Refract. and Reduct. | +54.1 | 54.1 | 54.1 | 54.2 | Refract. and Reduct. | -18 57.5 | 18 57.5 | 18 57.5 | 18 57.5 | | Superior Culminat. | 31 52 58.3 | 52 50.9 | 53 20.0 | 53 5.9 | | | Inferior Culminat. | 328 6 20.0 | 6 12.0 | 6 31.9 | 6 15.0 | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 31 53 19.1 | 53 19.4 | 53 24.0 | 53 25.4 | | Mean Inside Temperature 47°. Mean of 4 Microscopes.............31° 53' 22''.0 by 19 Observ. ### MR. RUMKER'S OBSERVATIONS **α Eridani. (Ann. Var. + 18".462.)—(Continued.)** #### Superior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | July 12 | inches. | 30.10 | 40° | 69 48 27° | 48 5.0 | 48 32° | 48 29° | | | | 25 | 30.24 | " 19° | 29.0 | 28.3 | 27° | | | | 26 | 30.17 | " 25° | 26° | 29.0 | 32° | | July 21 | Mean... | 69 48 23.7 | 48 20 | 48 29.8 | 48 29.3 | | Refract. and Reduct. | +47.2 | 47.3 | 47.2 | 47.3 | | Superior Culminat... | 69 49 10.9 | 49 7.3 | 49 17.0 | 49 16.6 | | Inferior Culminat... | 6 2 25.3 | 2 26.8 | 2 28.8 | 2 32.2 | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 31 53 22.8 | 53 20.2 | 53 24.1 | 53 22.2 | #### Inferior Culmination. | 1822 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | July 25 | inches. | 30.09 | 51° | 6 21° | 5.5 | 21° | 7° | 21° | 9.0 | 21° | 13.7 | | | | 26 | 30.22 | 52.3 | 6.5 | 21 8.0 | 21 10.0 | 21 12.0 | | July 25 | Mean... | 6 21° | 6.0 | 21° | 7.5 | 21° | 9.5 | 21° | 12.8 | | Refract. and Reduct. | -18 40.7 | 18 40.7 | 18 40.7 | 18 40.7 | | | | 6 2 25.3 | 2 26.8 | 2 28.8 | 2 32.2 | Mean of 4 Microscopes ............. 31° 53' 22".3 by 5 Observ. --- #### 1828. | 1828 | Barom. | Therm. | Microscopes. | |------|--------|--------|--------------| | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | Feb. 21 | inches. | 30.05 | 84° | 32° | 7° | 17.5° | 7° | 26° | 7° | 39.4° | 7° | 24° | | | | 25 | 29.89 | 96° | " 13.5° | " 21.3° | " 28.0° | " 22.8° | | | | 27 | 29.83 | 86° | " 13.0° | " 19.8° | " 27.3° | " 23.4° | | Mar. 3 | 29.85 | 73° | " 15.0° | " 21.0° | " 32.7° | " 22.0° | | | | 10 | 29.51 | 93.3° | " 6.3° | " 10.5° | " 25.3° | " 6.6° | | | | 11 | 29.76 | 80° | " 3.0° | " 7° | " 19.5° | " 8.0° | | | | 13 | 29.90 | 82.7° | " 2.7° | " 13.1° | " 21.1° | " 10.0° | | | | 19 | 29.74 | 95.5° | " 0.0° | " 1.2° | " 14.3° | " 3.0° | | | | 30 | 29.94 | 73° | " 3.4° | " 14.0° | " 23.5° | " 11.4° | | Apr. 1 | 29.67 | 76° | " 7.0° | " 12.0° | " 26.0° | " 12.1° | | Mar. 10 | Mean... | 32° | 7° | 8.1° | 7° | 14.6° | 7° | 25.7° | 7° | 14.3° | | Refract. and Reduct. | -13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | | Superior Culminat... | 32° | 6° | 54.4° | 7° | 0.9° | 7° | 12.0° | 7° | 0.6° | | Inferior Culminat... | 328° | 20° | 28.0° | 20° | 33.9° | 20° | 38.2° | 20° | 29.6° | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | 31° | 53° | 13.2° | 53° | 13.5° | 53° | 16.9° | 53° | 15.5° | Mean Inside Temperature 7°. Mean of 4 Microscopes ............. 31° 53' 14".8 by 14 Observ. α Eridani. (Ann. Var. + 18''.462.)—(Continued.) | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | **1828.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | **1828.** | **Barom.** | **Therm.** | **Microscopes.** | **I.** | **II.** | **III.** | **IV.** | | May 12 | inches. | 29.81 | 78.4 | 32 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 13.3 | 7 | 23 | 7 | 13 | May 12 | inches. | 29.67 | 75.5 | 328 | 35 | 40.4 | 35 | 50 | 35 | 50 | 35 | 43 | | 13 | 29.88 | 72.3 | " | 9 | " | 14.2 | " | 25 | " | 11.9 | 14 | 29.93 | 59 | " | 36 | 25.0 | 36 | 32.5 | 36 | 33.3 | 36 | 25 | | 14 | 29.99 | 60.6 | " | 2.5 | " | 10.9 | " | 19.3 | " | 8.8 | 16 | 30.07 | 41.8 | " | 37 | 36.4 | 37 | 44 | 37 | 43.0 | 37 | 31.7 | | 15 | 30.08 | 56 | " | 3.7 | " | 12.0 | " | 17.8 | " | 3.0 | 19 | 30.34 | 39.3 | " | 37 | 54.5 | 37 | 58.5 | 38 | 2.1 | 37 | 51.2 | | 17 | 30.15 | 51.5 | " | 4.0 | " | 13.0 | " | 20.3 | " | 3.0 | 20 | 30.39 | 45.3 | " | 37 | 31.0 | 37 | 33.5 | 37 | 39.8 | 37 | 22.3 | | 18 | 30.29 | 50.3 | " | 5.0 | " | 10.8 | " | 16.1 | " | 6.1 | 27 | 29.99 | 51.7 | " | 36 | 50.8 | 36 | 59.5 | 37 | 3.0 | 36 | 47.0 | | 19 | 30.49 | 51 | " | 5.0 | " | 11.2 | " | 22.3 | " | 4.7 | 29 | 29.84 | 45.3 | " | 36 | 54.3 | 37 | 4.0 | 37 | 6.0 | 36 | 51.3 | | 20 | 30.41 | 56 | " | 4.8 | " | 12.2 | " | 20.1 | " | 8.1 | June 6 | 29.70 | 48.5 | " | 36 | 44.0 | 36 | 53.3 | 36 | 53.0 | 36 | 45.0 | | 23 | 30.31 | 56.2 | " | 4.7 | " | 13.0 | " | 23.7 | " | 5.2 | 12 | 30.02 | 36.8 | " | 37 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 39 | 37 | 36.5 | | 26 | 29.97 | 61.2 | " | 5.5 | " | 15.5 | " | 24.2 | " | 10.8 | May 24 | Mean ... | 328 | 37 | 1.4 | 37 | 8.1 | 37 | 5.5 | 36 | 59 | | 27 | 29.99 | 50 | " | 11.8 | " | 16.2 | " | 20.0 | " | 11.3 | Refract. and Reduct. | -17 | 11.6 | 17 | 11.6 | 17 | 11.6 | 17 | 11.6 | | 28 | 29.89 | 47 | " | 8.5 | " | 16.0 | " | 22 | " | 7.5 | 328 | 19 | 49.8 | 19 | 56.5 | 19 | 53.9 | 19 | 37.4 | Mean Inside Temperature 59°. Mean of 4 Microscopes ........... 31° 53' 18''.39 by 30 Observ. Mean S. P. D. of α Eridani, Jan. 1, 1828 . . . . . . . 31° 53' 18''.39 by 82 Observ. α Eridani appearing in its lower culmination like a double star, the upper being always red and the lower white, I observed the chord common to their segments. Mean South Polar Distances of the preceding Stars, for the beginning of 1828, with their Constants of Aberration and Nutation. | Stars' Names | Mean S. P. D. Jan. 1, 1828 | Annual Variation | No. of Obs. | Constants | |--------------------|----------------------------|------------------|-------------|-----------| | | | | | Of Aberration | Of Nutation | | σ Octantis | 0° 40′ 50.11 | +19.967 | 19 | s 5 26 36 1.30605 | s 11 25 25 0.85683 | | σ Octantis | 0° 45′ 12.32 | −5.739 | 15 | 9 27 47 1.27457 | 3 19 41 0.96551 | | π Octantis | 1° 34′ 41.71 | +19.293 | 58 | 6 14 5 1.30242 | 0 20 59 0.86904 | | 34 Octantis | 2° 22′ 55.65 | +3.589 | 4 | 9 12 16 1.26247 | 3 8 16 0.98086 | | ζ Octantis | 5° 2′ 15.8 | −15.234 | 3 | 1 9 36 1.29973 | 7 18 40 0.91926 | | ρ Octantis | 5° 6′ 13.12 | −18.970 | 22 | 11 14 15 1.29707 | 5 5 48 0.87317 | | ν Octantis | 6° 19′ 51.2 | −19.330 | 29 | 0 16 11 1.30665 | 6 19 41 0.86756 | | 3 γ Octantis | 6° 49′ 7.99 | +20.026 | 25 | 5 26 57 1.30462 | 0 6 16 0.85627 | | 2 γ Octantis | 6° 52′ 22.32 | +19.997 | 24 | 5 29 49 1.30202 | 0 4 11 0.85676 | | 1 γ Octantis | 7° 1′ 29.77 | +19.960 | 25 | 6 1 24 1.30167 | 11 29 20 0.85734 | | δ Octantis | 7° 7′ 54.77 | −17.328 | 76 | 11 4 48 1.28417 | 4 22 16 0.89607 | | π Octantis | 7° 40′ 3.7 | −15.67 | 5 | 10 26 36 1.27529 | 4 13 10 0.91506 | | β Octantis | 7° 43′ 18.12 | +18.436 | 89 | 6 18 26 1.28912 | 0 29 52 0.88168 | | ε Octantis | 8° 42′ 40.7 | +17.336 | 33 | 6 24 32 1.28010 | 1 7 45 0.89595 | | γ Apodis | 11° 30′ 35.74 | −9.433 | 80 | 10 3 9 1.23604 | 3 21 51 0.96150 | | β Chamæleonis | 11° 38′ 38.1 | −19.997 | 2 | 0 3 8 1.2978 | 5 27 35 0.8560 | | γ Chamæleonis | 11° 39′ 53.8 | −13.328 | 2 | 1 19 5 1.30460 | 7 26 23 0.93659 | | α Apodis | 11° 41′ 48.66 | −16.154 | 32 | 10 29 49 1.26470 | 4 14 57 0.91341 | | 1 δ Apodis | 11° 45′ 23.33 | −10.405 | 6 | 10 6 37 1.23786 | 3 24 23 0.95656 | | β Hydri | 11° 46′ 35.75 | +19.972 | 184 | 5 21 30 1.30106 | 11 24 25 0.85715 | | 2 δ Apodis | 11° 47′ 3.46 | −10.405 | 5 | 10 6 37 1.23786 | 3 24 23 0.95656 | | δ Octantis | 11° 59′ 1.25 | +19.999 | 3 | 7 12 52 1.43179 | 0 2 34 0.85645 | | β Apodis | 12° 51′ 44.44 | −8.600 | 54 | 10 0 2 1.22651 | 3 19 25 0.96590 | | α Chamæleonis | 13° 37′ 25.52 | −11.69 | 18 | 1 24 57 1.30430 | 8 1 35 0.94810 | | γ Hydri | 15° 14′ 9.7 | +10.7 | 74 | 3 1 28 1.30485 | 9 25 17 0.95460 | | ε Pavonis | 16° 39′ 6.3 | +8.446 | 12 | 7 29 13 1.20610 | 2 10 47 0.96632 | | 2 ε Apodis | 17° 8′ 31.64 | −12.809 | 8 | 10 17 51 1.22325 | 4 1 50 0.94058 | | 1 ε Apodis | 17° 13′ 8.1 | −13.346 | 8 | 10 20 1 1.22632 | 4 3 41 0.93645 | | δ Muscae | 19° 22′ 52 | −19.528 | 6 | 11 26 49 1.27199 | 5 13 19 0.86427 | | γ Piscis Volantis | 19° 46′ 53.41 | −6.034 | 33 | 2 13 30 1.30608 | 8 16 45 0.97547 | | δ Hydri | 20° 33′ 23.16 | +16.458 | 28 | 4 20 49 1.30381 | 10 17 6 0.90650 | | ω Argus | 20° 48′ 52.45 | −17.735 | 4 | 1 3 11 1.30145 | 7 5 3 0.89076 | | β Argus | 20° 59′ 24.93 | −14.844 | 356 | 1 16 3 1.30514 | 7 20 35 0.92344 | | α Trianguli | 21° 18′ 9.15 | −7.62 | 116 | 9 28 45 1.17383 | 3 16 3 0.96994 | | α Muscae | 21° 48′ 48.54 | −19.871 | 85 | 0 2 59 1.27129 | 5 20 58 0.85866 | | ε Piscis Volantis | 21° 53′ 19.05 | −10.554 | 4 | 2 0 42 1.30637 | 8 5 12 0.9557 | | γ Trianguli | 21° 57′ 56.63 | −13.984 | 47 | 10 25 21 1.2071 | 4 6 34 0.9300 | | δ Pavonis | 23° 23′ 38.44 | +9.406 | 12 | 7 22 36 1.16921 | 2 7 42 0.96066 | | ε Trianguli | 24° 16′ 20.45 | −12.817 | 14 | 10 20 42 1.18424 | 4 1 50 0.94058 | | α Piscis Volantis | 24° 17′ 18.25 | −14.12 | 2 | 1 19 43 1.3031 | 7 23 32 0.9301 | Length of the Pendulum at Paramatta. The length of the pendulum vibrating seconds of mean solar time at Paramatta in vacuo on the level of the sea at 0° Reaumur, is 992.4128 millimetres. My observations for the determination thereof have been published in the second part of the third volume of the Memoirs of the Astronomical Society of London. I took the measure from a brass meter made by Lenoir at Paris, which after my return to London was compared, by Messrs. Troughton and Simms, with Sir George Shuckburgh’s Scale of the same metal, and found = 39.387988 English inches. Hence follows the length of the pendulum vibrating seconds at Paramatta as above 39.0891435 English inches. Additions and Corrections. Page 17.—The immersion of 82 Geminorum, March 21, 1823, at 9h 52m 11s.6, is mean time, and not sidereal time. Page 29.—The longitude of Government House at Sydney, deduced from the Solar eclipses observed by Admiral Bligh, is . . . . . . 10h 5m 10s.5 } East of Greenwich. Captain King . . . . . . . 10 5 8.2 } Page 26.—Additional Observations of Moon-culminating Stars. | 1828 | Stars | Interval | 1828 | Stars | Interval | |------|-------|----------|------|-------|----------| | August 22 | e 1 Sagittarii | + 8 16.26 | Novemb. 16 | 20 Piscium | +28 15.98 | | c II. | e 2 Sagittarii | +10 4.63 | c I. | 24 Piscium | +33 15.55 | | | | | | 29 Piscium | +39 2.10 | Page 46.—Obliquity of the Ecliptic deduced from the solstices observed at Paramatta: | Year of Observation | Observed Mean Obliquity | Reduction to Jan. 1, 1823 | Mean Obliquity, Jan. 1, 1823 | |---------------------|-------------------------|--------------------------|-----------------------------| | Jan. 1822 | 23° 27' 41.96" | -2.7" | 22° 27' 39.26" | | | | | | | Jan. 1823 | 44.12 | -2.25" | 41.87 | | | | | | | Jan. 1824 | 42.67 | -1.80" | 40.87 | | | | | | | Jan. 1827 | 44.52 | -0.45" | 44.07 | | | | | | | Jan. 1828 | 39.35 | 0" | 39.35 | | | | | | | Jan. 1829 | 38.75 | +0.45" | 39.20 | | | | | | Mean............. 23° 27' 40.77" The error is on the side of the Repeating Circle. Omitted in page 111.] γ Piscis Volantis. | Superior Culmination | Inferior Culmination | |----------------------|----------------------| | | Microscopes. | | | | I. II. III. IV. | | | 1828. Barom. Therm. | | | | April 4 inches | 30.01 53.3 | | | | 20° 0' 43" 6° 37" 6° 52" 6° 40.7" | | | | | | | April 5 inches | 30.03 69 | | | | " 41.7" " 41.7" " 50.3" | | | | | | | April 6 inches | 30.20 62.5 | | | | " 42" " 40.5" " 39.7" | | | | | | | April 7 inches | 30.14 66.5 | | | | " 39" " 39" " 50.2" " 39.2" | | | | | | | April 10 inches | 29.75 71 | | | | " 34.8" " 36.1" " 44.7" " 35.1" | | | | | | | April 11 inches | 29.84 64 | | | | " 33.9" " 28.2" " 37.9" " 29.7" | | | | | | | April 12 inches | 29.95 63.5 | | | | " 30.0" " 27.5" " 40.1" " 28.9" | | | | | | | April 8... Mean ... | | | | Refract. and Reduct. | | | | | 20° 0' 37.7" 0° 35.7" 0° 46.27" 0° 36.33" | | | | | | | Superior Culminat. | | | | Inferior Culminat... | | | | Half Diff. S. P. D. | | | Mean of 4 Microscopes........... 19° 46' 53".72 by 12 Observ. Page 128.—The barometer for the lower culmination of α Muscae on June 23, was 29.84 inches in lieu of 29.48 inches, and the corresponding refraction 4° 26".52, which makes the south polar distance by a mean of the 4 microscopes for that Set of Observations 21° 48' 49".63. LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.