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PRESENTS MADE TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY From November 1783 to July 1784; WITH The NAMES of the DONORS. Donors. Titles. 1783. Nov. 6. William Butter, M.D. An improved Method of opening the Temporal Artery. 8° ——— Also an Apparatus, invented by Dr. Butter, to stop the Bleeding. M. Barbot du Plessis. Essai sur la Possibilité d'une Machine à Oscillations croissantes. 8° Committee of Bethlem Hospital. An historical Account of the Origin, Progress, and present State of Bethlem Hospital. 4° Samuel Foart Simmons, M.D. An Account of the Life and Writings of the late William Hunter, M.D. F.R.S. 8° Society of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. Transactions of the Society instituted at London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce vol. I. 8° John Strange, Esq. F.R.S. De' Monti Colonnari e d'altri Fenomeni Vulcanici dello Stato Veneto. 4° Le Baron de Marivetz and M. Gouffier. Physique du Monde, tom. III. 4° Donors. 1783. Nov. 6. Andrew Duncan, M. D. M. Darquier. M. Levêque. M. Sonnerat. Royal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm. Andrew Sparman, M. D. Roland Martin, M. D. M. E. A. W. Zimmerman. M. Joh. Fran. Coste. 13. Chev. Marf. Landriani. Sig. Pietro Moscati. Count Prospero Balba. Mr. de Magellan, F.R.S. Sig. Franc. Bartolozzi. M. Anisson. Titles. Medical Commentaries for 1781, 1782, and 1783. Observations Astronomiques faites à Toulouse, part II. Examen Maritime Théorique et Pratique, by Don George Juan, translated from the Spanish into the French by M. Levêque, 2 vols. Voyage aux Indes Orientales et à la Chine, 2 vols. Voyage à la Nouvelle Guinée. Vetenskaps Acad. Nya Handlingar, for 1782. Refasil Goda Hopps Udden, &c., part I. Afhandling om Ben-Sjukdomar. Tabula Mundi Geographico-Zoologica. Oratio habita in Capitolio Guilelmopolitano, in Comitiis Universitatis Virginiae. Descrizione di una Machina Meteorologica. Description d'une Machine propre à éléver l'Eau par la Rotation d'une Corde Verticale. Ricerche ed Offervazioni per perfezionare il Barometro. Memorie Istoriche intorno gli studi del Padre Beccaria, by Sig. Candi. An anonymous printed Sheet, in Italian, containing Observations on Chev. Roja's Experiments concerning the Principle of the pulsation of Arteries. Description of a Glass Apparatus for making Mineral Waters. Quatro Lettere estemporanee sopra alcune curiosità Fisiologiche, e Lettera contenente alcuni tentativi d'Esperienze per dimostrare una nuova forza esistente nel cuore. Première Epreuve d'une nouvelle Presse inventée pour l'Imprimerie Royale. Donors. Donors. 1783. Nov. 13. M. Anisson. M. de Romé de l'Isle. 20. J. Phil. de Limbourg, M.D. F.R.S. N.M. de Wolff, M.D. F.R.S. T. Reid, M.D. 27. Charles White, Esq. Society of Sciences at Harlem. Dec. 11. M. Jeaurat. Marquis Durazzo. 18. Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin. M. Le Roy. William Withering, M.D. M. Faujas de Saint Fond. 1784. Jan. 8. Samuel Foart Simmons, M.D. F.R.S. President Stiles. 18. Anonymous Author. Titles. A manuscript Memoir on the Subject of this new Press, read at the French Academy, and the Approbation of the said Academy. Cristallographie, 2d edit. 4 vols. 8° Les Amusemens de Spa, 2 vols. 8° Genera et Species Plantarum Vocabulis Characteristicis definita. 8° An Essay on the Nature and Cure of the Phthisis Pulmonalis. 8° An Enquiry into the Nature and Cause of that Swelling in one or both of the lower Extremities, which sometimes happens to lying-in Women. 8° Verhandelingen uitgegeeven door de Hollandsche Maatschappye der Weetenschappen, te Haarlem, vol. XX. Connoissance des Temps pour l'Année 1786. 8° Elogi Storici di Cristoforo Colombo e di Andrea Doria. 4° Nouveaux Memoires, pour l'Année 1780. 4° Les Navires des Anciens considérés par rapport à leurs Voiles. 8° Outlines of Mineralogy, translated from the Original of Sir Torbern Bergman. 8° Description des Expériences de la Machine Aerostatique de M. Montgolfier. vol. I. 8° The London Medical Journal, 4 vols. 8° Conjectures on the Nature and Motion of Meteors which are above the Atmosphere, by Thomas Clapp, late President of Yale College in Connecticut. 4° Vox Oculis Subjecta. A Dissertation on the most curious and important Art of imparting Speech and the Knowledge of Language to the naturally Deaf, and consequently Dumb, with a particular Account of the Academy of Mess. Braidwood of Edinburgh. By a Parent. 8° Donors. Donors. 1784. Jan. 15. Imperial Academy of Sciences at Petersburg. 22. P. Camper, M.D. F.R.S. Feb. 12. Mr. Thomas Henchman. M. De Fay. M. A. J. Reneaux. 19. Commissioners of Longitude. M. Poissonier. Abbé G. Fontana. Mar. 4. Thomas Percival, M.D. F.R.S. 11. Earl Cowper, F.R.S. 18. M. de Marcorelle Baron d'Éscalle. April 1. M. Mentelle. Mr. John Sheldon, F.R.S. 29. Sig. Ant. M. Lorgna. Le Baron de Marivetz et M. Goussier. M. J. A. E. Goeze. Thomas Astle, Esq. F.R.S. Titles. Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanæ, the second Volume for 1777, and the two Volumes for 1778. Dissertation sur la meilleure forme des Souliers. A compendious Vocabulary, English and Persian. A Translation of a Royal Grant of Land by one of the ancient Raajas of Hindostan, from the Original in the Sanscrit Language and Character. A printed Sheet in Peric Characters. La Nature considérée dans plusieurs de ses Operations. Essai sur les Machines Acrostatiques. Nautical Almanack for 1787, 1788, 1789, and 1790. Discours sur la Naissance de Monseigneur le Dauphin. Opusculi Scientifici. Moral and Literary Dissertations. Notizie degli aggrandimenti delle Scienze Fisiche. Specimen Experimentorum Naturalium quae singulis annis in Pisano Lyceo exhibere solet Car. Alph. Guadagnius, M.D. Phys. Exp. Prof. Ord. Hints for neutralizing Necessary Houses at a small Expence. Cosmographie élémentaire divisée en Parties Astronomique et Géographique. The History of the Absorbent System, fol. Memorie di Matematica e Fisica della Societa Italiana, tom. I. Physique du Monde, tom. IV. Reponse à l'Examen de la Physique du Monde. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Ein-geweidewürmer thierischer Körper. The Origin and Progress of Writing, as well Hieroglyphical as Elementary. Donors. 1784. April 29. Mr. George Walker. Knowles, Esq. Charles M' Kinnon, Esq. Le Marq. de Hauteforte. May 6. Sir Thomas Hyde Page, F.R.S. George Pearson, M.D. M. Kleinschmidt. M. Olavsen, of Kongsberg in Norway. 20. Royal Society of Gottingen. M. Trembley, F.R.S. 27. Rev. Dr. Kippis, F.R.S. June 10. His MAJESTY. Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin. M. George Vega. Titles. A Collection of the minute Shells lately discovered in the Sand of the Sea-Shore, near Sandwich A Plan of a Machine for weighing the Force of the Wind, invented by the late Sir Charles Knowles. Also, a MS. containing Calculations of the Weight of the different Velocities of Wind. Observations on the Wealth and Force of Nations. A MS. intituled, Lettre à M. Garampi, Nonce Apostolique à Vienne, sur quelques Curiosités Physiologiques; written in Italian by the Chev. Rofa, and translated into French by the Marquis de Hauteforte. Considerations on the State of Dover Harbour. Observations and Experiments for investigating the Chemical History of the Tepid Springs of Buxton, 2 vols. De Artificio Navigandi per Aereum; by Prof. Lohmeier, of Rinteln, printed in the Year 1676; together with a German Translation. A Specimen of the Ashes and Filaments thrown up in the Summer of 1783, by the subterraneous Fires in Iceland. Commentationes per Ann. 1782, vol. 5. Essai de Trigonometrie Spherique, by M. Trembley, junr. Biographia Britannica, vol. III. A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, undertaken by the Command of His MAJESTY, for making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere, performed under the Direction of Captains Cooke, Clerke, and Gore, in three Volumes. Also, a Volume of Plates. Nouveaux Memoires de l'Academie Royale pour 1781. Logarithmische, Trigonometrische, und andere Tafeln und Formuln. Donors Donors. 1784. June 17. John Howard, Esq. F.R.S. George Atwood, M.A. F.R.S. M. Anisson. Professors Piller and Mitterpacher. Sig. Giov. Vivenzio. Thomas F. Hill, Esq. William Cullen, M.D.F.R.S. July 1. M. Roland de la Platrière. Anonymous Author. Baron Cl. Alstroemer and John Alstroemer, Esq. F.R.S. Titles. The State of the Prisons in England and Wales, with an Account of some Foreign Prisons and Hospitals, 3d Edit. An Analysis of a Course of Lectures on the Principles of Natural Philosophy. A Treatise on the Rectilinear Motion and Rotation of Bodies. Description d'une Nouvelle Presse exécutee pour le service du Roy. Iter per Poseganam Sclavoniae Provinciae. Istoria e Teoria de' Tremuoti. Antient Erle Poems, collected among the Scottish Highlands. A new Edition of the First Lines of the Practice of Physic, 4 vols. L'Art de preparer et d'imprimer les Etoffes en Laines. L'Art du Fabricant de Velours de Cotton. L'Art du Fabricant d'Etoffes en Laines. L'Art du Tourbier. Lettres écrites de Suisse, d' Italie, de Sicile, et de Malthe, 6 vols. A short Attempt to recommend the Study of Botanical Analogy. A Silver Medal of the late Dr. Daniel Solander, F.R.S. AN INDEX TO THE SEVENTY-FOURTH VOLUME OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. A. ACIDS. See Test Liquor, Red Cabbage, Violets. Air, experiments on, by Henry Cavendish, Esq. p. 119. Principal view in making these experiments, ibid. All animal and vegetable substances contain fixed air, ibid. No reason to think that any fixed air is produced by phlogistication, p. 120. Nor by burning of sulphur or phosphorus, p. 121. Unsuccessful attempts to discover what becomes of the air lost by phlogistication, p. 123—126. Account of two experiments of Mr. Warltire's, related by Dr. Priestley, p. 126. Table of the result, the bulk of the inflammable air being expressed in decimals of the common air, p. 127. Examination of the nature of the dew which lined the glass globe, p. 128. Which is all pure water, p. 129. Examination of the nature of the matter condensed on firing a mixture of dephlogisticated and inflammable air, ibid. Phlogisticated air appears to be nothing else than the nitrous acid united to phlogiston, p. 135. The great probability that dephlogisticated and phlogisticated air are distinct substances, as supposed by M. Lavoisier and Scheele, p. 141. Enquiry in what manner nitrous and vitriolic acids act, in producing dephlogisticated air, p. 143. Different manner in which the acid acts in producing dephlogisticated air from red precipitate and from nitre, p. 146. Vegetables seem to consist almost entirely of fixed and phlo- gificated air, p. 148. Manner in which Mr. Cavendish would explain most of the phenomena of nature, on Mr. Lavoisier's principle of entirely discarding phlogiston, &c. p. 150—153. Air. Remarks on Mr. Cavendish's experiments on air, in a letter from Richard Kirwan, Esq. p. 154. Experiments selected from Dr. Priestley, to prove that fixed air is somehow or other produced in phlogistic processes, either by separation or composition, ibid. Of the calcination of metals, p. 155—161. Of the decomposition of nitrous air by mixture with common air, p. 162—164. Of the diminution of common air by the electric spark, p. 164. Of the diminution of common air by the amalgamation of mercury and lead, p. 165. Of the diminution of respirable air by combustion, p. 166—169. Answer to Mr. Kirwan's Remarks upon the Experiments on Air, by Henry Cavendish, Esq. p. 170. Result of an experiment of Mr. de Laffon's, made with the filings of zinc, digested in a caustic fixed alkali, ibid. Remarks thereon, p. 171. See Metals. Experiments to determine if fixed air is generated by a mixture of nitrous and common air, p. 172, 173. Curious experiment of Mr. Kirwan's, p. 174. Observation on an experiment of Dr. Priestley's with a mixture of red precipitate and iron filings, ibid. The argument on this subject summed up, p. 175. The generation of fixed air not the general effect of phlogisticating air, p. 177. Reply to Mr. Cavendish's Answer, by Richard Kirwan, Esq. p. 178. Answer to Mr. Cavendish's remarks on Mr. Laffon's experiment with filings of zinc digested in a caustic fixed alkali, ibid. Ditto to his observations on the calcination of lead, ibid. Extract of Dr. Priestley's letter, concerning the black powder which he formed out of an amalgam of mercury and lead, p. 179. Fixed air, produced by the distillation of red precipitate and the filings of iron, cannot be attributed to the decomposition of the plumbago contained in the iron, ibid. Mr. Cavendish's experiment of the nitrous selenite's absorbing fixed air, just, and agreeable to Mr. Kirwan's, p. 180. The permanence of a mixture of nitrous and common air, made over mercury, not to be attributed to common vapour, ibid. Thoughts on the constituent Parts of Water and of dephtogisticated Air, with an Account of some Experiments on that Subject, in a letter from Mr. James Watt, Engineer, p. 329. The author's reasons for delaying the publication of his sentiments on this subject, p. 330. Observations on the constituent parts of inflammable air, ibid. Effects of mixing together certain proportions of pure dry dephtogisticated air and of pure dry inflammable air, in a strong glass vessel, closely shut, set on fire by the electric spark, p. 331, 332. See Cavendish. Humor, or dephtogisticated water, has a more powerful attraction for phlogiston than it has for latent heat, but cannot unite with it, at least not to the point of saturation, or to the total expulsion of the heat, unless first made red-hot, or nearly so, p. 334. A mixture of dephtogisticated and inflammable air will remain for years in close vessels, in the common heat of the atmosphere, without any change, and be as capable of deflagration as when when first shut up, ibid. Accounted for by Dr. Priestley, ibid. The author aban- dons the opinion that air is a modification of water, p. 335. In every case, wherein dephlogisticated air has been produced, substances have been employed, some of whose constituent parts have a strong attraction for phlogiston, p. 336. Phenomena observed from combinations of the nitrous acids with earths from which the dephlo- gisticated air is obtained with less heat than from nitre itself, p. 338. Experiment to examine whether the phlogiston was furnished by the earths, p. 339. Ditto to deter- mine whether any part of the acid entered into the composition of the air, ibid. Ditto to determine the quantity of acid in the receiving water and in the sublimate, p. 341. Ditto of the distillation of dephlogisticated air from cubic nitre in a glass vessel, p. 342. If any of the acid of the nitre enters into the composition of the dephlogisticated air, it is a very small part; and it rather seems that the acid, or part of it, unites itself so firmly to the phlogiston as to lose its attraction for water, p. 344. Any acid, which can bear a red heat, may perhaps concur in the production of dephlogisticated air, ibid. Dephlogisticated air obtained from the pure calces of metals may be attributed to the calces themselves, ibid. General reasoning on the subject, p. 346. Mr. Scheele's hypothesis, p. 347. The heat extricated during the combustion of inflammable and dephlogisticated air is much greater than it appears to be, p. 348. By an experiment of Dr. Priestley it appears, that nitre can pro- duce one-half of its weight of dephlogisticated air, p. 349. Dephlogisticated air, in uniting to the phlogiston of sulphur, produces as much heat as in uniting with the phlogiston of phosphorous, ibid. Dephlogisticated air unites completely with about twice its bulk of the inflammable air from metals, ibid. Experiments by M. M. Lavoisier and De la Place, p. 350. The union of phlogiston, in different propor- tions with dephlogisticated air, does not extricate different quantities of heat, ibid. Charcoal, according to Dr. Priestley, when freed from fixed air, and other air which it imbibes from the atmosphere, is almost wholly convertible into phlogiston, p. 351. Enquiry whether all the heat let loose in these experiments was contained in the dephlogisticated air, p. 352. Not to be answered without many new experi- ments, p. 353. Air, Sequel to the foregoing Paper, in a subsequent letter from the same, p. 354. Cautions necessary to those who may choose to repeat the experiment mentioned in the foregoing paper, ibid.—356. Some circumstances pointed out which may cause variations in the results, p. 356. Alchorne, Mr. Staneshy. See Gold. Algol, Observation of the Variation of Light in that Star, in a letter from Sir Henry C. Englefield, Bart. p. 1. The last visible period when Mr. Aubert and Sir Henry observed it, ibid. Result of several observations made at different times from mid- night to 2 h. p. 2. The diminution of Algol fully confirmed, and the accuracy of Mr. Goodricke's period ascertained, ibid. See Algol in the index in the last volume. U u u 2 Algol, Algol. Observations on the Obscuration of that Star, by Palitch, a farmer, in a letter from the Count de Bruhl, p. 4. Times of the greatest obscuration, and of the greatest diminution of the star's light, ibid. Further Observations upon, by the same, p. 5. on the Periods of the Changes of Light in that Star, in a Letter from John Goodricke, Esq. p. 287. Method pursued to determine, with greater precision, the periodical return of those changes, ibid. With an explanatory table, p. 288. Different observers may differ in the duration of the variation, and why, ibid. Flamsteed has marked this star of different magnitudes, at different times, p. 289. Short abstract of Mr. Goodricke's late observations on Algol, when its least magnitude was accurately determined, p. 290—292. Alkalies. See Tof Liquor. Anarhichas Lupus, A Description of the Teeth of that Fish, and of those of the Chaetodon Nigricans of the same Author; to which is added an Attempt to prove that the Teeth of cartilaginous Fishes are perpetually renewed, by Mr. William Andre, surgeon, p. 274. The same variety prevails in the internal structure of fishes as in the external form, ibid. Jaws of the wolf-fish described, p. 275, 276. And its teeth, p. 277. The teeth of the Chaetodon nigricans described, p. 278. Which fish seems to be misplaced in Linnæus's Systema Naturæ, ib. Of the teeth of cartilaginous fishes, p. 279. See Shark. Their posterior teeth always found in a soft, membranous state, and but imperfectly formed, p. 281. Explanation of the plates, p. 282. Atkins, Mr. John. See Meteorological Journal. Aubert, Mr. See Algol. Alexander, Esq. See Meteors. Aurora Borealis, curious account of, by Professor Gmelin, p. 228. Rushing noise attending that phenomenon, ibid. 229. B. Bark-Tree, Account of a new Species of, found in the Island of St. Lucia, by Mr. George Davidson, p. 452. Botanic character of, by Sir Joseph Banks, p. 453. Is undoubtedly a species of the cinchona, ibid. Extract of a letter from Mr. George Davidson, dated at St. Lucia, July 15, 1783, giving an account of its discovery by Mr. Alexander Anderson, and its medicinal qualities, p. 454. Mr. Davidson's account of it, p. 455. Explanation of the plates, p. 456. Barker, Thomas, Esq. See Rain. Barometer. See Rain. Bergman, Professor, his computation of the average height of the northern lights, p. 227. See Terra Ponderosa. Blagden, Charles, M.D. See Meteors. C. Cavalli, Cavallo, Mr. Tiberius. See Meteors. Cavendish, Henry, Esq. See Air. Was the first who discovered that the combustion of dephlogisticated and inflammable air produced moisture on the sides of the glass vessel in which they were fired, p. 332. Chaetodon Nigricans. See Anarrhichas Lupus. Chinchona. See Bark-Tree. Clap, Professor. See Meteors. Cluster of Stars. See Construction of the Heavens. Cole, Mr. See King's Wells. Coma Berenices. See Construction of the Heavens. Comet, extract of a letter from Edward Pigott, Esq. containing the discovery of one, p. 20. Confused notions of the ancients, and some moderns, concerning them, p. 201. Observations on that of 1783, p. 460. Table of observations from Nov. 19. to 26. and Dec. 23. ibid. Night-glass used on this occasion described, p. 461. Its different appearances at different times, p. 461. Table of observations made by Mr. John Goodricke, p. 462. Discovered on Nov. 26. by M. de Mechain, ibid. Construction of the Heavens, Account of some Observations tending to investigate, by William Herschel, Esq. p. 437. Construction of his lately completed telescope, ibid. Reasons for considering the heavens as an expanded firmament of three dimensions, p. 438. Effect of applying the telescope to a part of the Via Lactea, ibid. Method of estimating the number of the stars seen, p. 439. Examination of the nebulae and clusters of stars lately given in the Connoissance des Temps for 1783 and 1784, p. 439. Comparison of different observations of Messrs. Meissier and Mechain, with those of Mr. Herschel, p. 441. Four hundred and sixty-six new nebulae and clusters of stars discovered, p. 442. Nebulae and clusters of stars are arranged into strata, which seem to run on to a great length, ibid. Double and triple nebulae, with others of various shapes and lights, observed, ibid. p. 443. Gauging the heavens explained, with its use, p. 445. Table extracted from the gauges, by which it appears, that the number of stars increases very fast on approaching the milky way, p. 446. Conjectures concerning the motion of the solar system, if the sun be placed in the great sidereal stratum of the milky way, ibid. Circumstances attending the detecting of nebulae, p. 448. Nebula of Cancer, part of a stratum, its situation, p. 449. Conjectures concerning the extent of the stratum of Coma Berenices, ibid. Cooper, William, D.D. See Meteors. Copley, Sir Godfrey, his medals adjudged, p. viii. Cullum, Sir John, Bart. See Frost. D. Davidson, D. Davidson, Mr. George. See Bark-Tree. De Galvez, M. le Comte. See Machines Aerostatiques. De la Place. See Air, Thermometers. Double and Triple Stars. See Herschel. E. Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, Esq. See Meteors. Electricity, its near connexion and analogy with meteors, p. 224—232. Englefield, Sir Henry C. Bart. See Algol. Evaporation, that it produces cold, and even ice, has been decidedly established by experiments, p. 383. Expansion. See Thermometer. F. Falling Stars, observations made on them by different persons at distant stations, much to be wished for, p. 224. Fire-ball, a remarkable one seen all over England, p. 286. See Meteors. Fisher. See Anarichas Lupus. Fixed Air, is now known to be an acid, and capable of being absorbed by several substances, p. 154. Fixed Stars, on the Means of discovering the Distance, Magnitude, &c. of the Fixed Stars, in consequence of the Diminution of the Velocity of their Light, in case such a Diminution should be found to take place in any of them, and such other Data should be procured from Observations, as would be farther necessary for that Purpose, by the rev. John Michell, B.D. p. 35. Rules relative to the above subject from Sir Isaac Newton, with corollaries deduced therefrom, p. 36—57. The figure, tab. III. explained, p. 38. et seq. The well-defined round disk of the fixed stars, mentioned by Mr. Herichel, is not a real disk, but only an optical appearance, p. 45. See Air. On a Method of describing the relative Positions and Magnitudes of the Fixed Stars; together with some Astronomical Observations, by the rev. Francis Wollaston, LL.B. p. 181. Reason for supposing there may have been several changes among the fixed stars, which we little suspect, ibid. Plan proposed to astronomers for producing a Celestial Atlas, far beyond any thing that has ever yet appeared, ibid. A method of discovering variations, which when discovered, or only surmised, should be consigned immediately to a more strict investigation, p. 182. Manner of preparing a telescope for this purpose, ibid. Card more fully to explain this method, ibid. See tab. V. fig. 1. Different stars must successively be made central when any suspi- eion of a mistake arises, p. 185. Best kind of illuminator described, ibid. Hints to astronomers, if a general plan be set on foot, 187—189. Astronomical observations made at Chislehurst in Kent, 190—200. On the eclipse of the moon, July 30, 1776, p. 190. Eclipse of the sun, June 24, 1778, p. 192. Eclipse of the moon, Nov. 23, 1779, p. 193. Eclipse of the sun, Oct. 16, 1781, p. 194. Eclipse of the moon, Sept. 10, 1783, ibid. Transit of mercury over the sun's disk, Nov. 12, 1782, p. 197. Occultation of Saturn by the moon, February 18, 1775, ibid. Occultations of stars by the moon, p. 198. Eclipses of Jupiter's satellites, p. 199. Explanation of the figures in tab. V. p. 200. Flamstead. See Algol. Frost, an Account of a remarkable one on the 23d of June, 1783. In a letter from the rev. Sir John Cullum, Bart. p. 416. State of the air when the frost happened, ibid. Remarkable effects of this unseasonable frost, ibid. p. 417. State of the weather previous to it, p. 417. G. Gaging the heavens. See Construction of the Heavens. Gold, Experiments on mixing Gold with Tin. In a Letter from Mr. Stanesby Alchorne, of his Majesty's Mint, p. 463. The general opinion of metallurgists concerning the mixture of gold with tin, as expressed by Dr. Lewis, ibid. Experiments, shewing that tin, in small quantities at least, may be added to gold, without producing any other effect than what might easily be conceived, a priori, from the different texture of the two metals, p. 464—467. Experiments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, with different proportions of pure tin and refined gold, p. 464, 465. Experiment 6. to determine how far the fumes of tin, brought into contact with gold, would do more than mixing the metal in substance, p. 465. Conclusions from the foregoing experiments, p. 466. Experiment 7. to discover whether the two metals might be more intimately combined, and the mass rendered brittle by additional heat, ibid. Experiments 8. and 9. with mixtures of gold and tin, from exp. 2. and 4. and an ounce of copper added to each, p. 467. Experiments 10. and 11. with equal parts of the last mixture and of the bar from exp. 3. ibid. Experiment 12. to examine whether the adding of tin to gold, already alloyed, would cause any difference, ibid. General conclusions, p. 468. Goodricke, John, Esq. See Algol. Has one of Sir Godfrey Copley's medals adjudged to him, p. viii. H. Halley, Dr. See Meteors. Halo, or Rainbow, uncommon one, p. 9. Harwich. See King's Wells. Heat. See Air. Herchel, Mr. his wonderful progress in the discovery of double, triple, &c. stars, p. 36. The far greater part of which are doubleless systems of stars so near each other as probably to be sensibly affected by their mutual gravitation, ibid. See Fixed Stars, Mars, Construction of the Heavens. Hoar-frost, why found upon grass, trees, &c. when there is no appearance of ice upon water, and the thermometer is above the freezing point, p. 380. Humfrys, Lieut. See King's Wells. Humor. See Air. Humphreys, Mr. of Norwich. See New Plant. Hutchins, Thomas, Esq. Has one of Sir Godfrey Copley's medals assigned to him, p. viii. Hutton, Charles, LL.D. See Quadrant. I. Ice. See Thermometer, Hoar-frost, Evaporation. K. King's Wells, Description of those at Sheerness, Landguard-Fort, and Harwich, by Sir Thomas Hyde Page, Knt. p. 6. Some circumstances respecting the garrisons of Sheerness, &c. p. 7. Sir Thomas directed to consider how to remedy the want of water at those places, ibid. Situation in which he found Sheerness, p. 8. Ditto of Landguard-Fort, ibid. Ditto of Harwich and its neighbourhood, p. 9. Operations at the well in Fort Townshend, Sheerness, p. 10—15. Which were much forwarded by the affluence of Mr. Cole, Lieut. Humfrys, and Mr. Marshall, ibid. Time of beginning and finishing the work, p. 11. Method of lining the well with wood, to prevent the mud's falling on the workmen from above, ibid. and the filtration of the salt-water through the sand, p. 12. Manner of stopping out the salt-water entirely, and securing the foundation of the works, p. 13. A piece of a tree discovered 300 feet from the top of the well, p. 14. The bottom of the well blown up, and the water rises forty feet in the bottom of the well, p. 14. Quality of the water ibid. Operations at Landguard-Fort when begun and finished, p. 15. Improbability of finding fresh-water there, which is discovered by accident, ibid. And is found in great quantities, but at the depth of low-water-mark becomes entirely salt, p. 16. Means used to remove this impediment, ibid. Conjecture concerning the cause of the fresh-water, p. 17. Operations at Harwich when begun and finished, p. 18. But little water there, and bad, ibid. A new well sunk, and a plentiful supply of fresh-water procured, p. 19. Explanation of the plates, ibid. Kirwan, Richard, Esq. See Air. L. Landerbeck, Landerbeck, Mr. See Linear Curves. Landguard-Fort. See King's Wells. Lapis bufonites, how originated, p. 277. Lavoisier, M. See Air, Thermometer. Lewis, Dr. See Gold. Light, has a remarkable power in enabling one body to absorb phlogiston from another, p. 147. Probability that the use of light in promoting the growth of plants, and the production of dephlogisticated air from them, is its enabling them to absorb phlogiston from the water, p. 149. Linear curves, Methodus Inveniendi, ex proprietatibus Variationis Curvaturee, auctore Nicolao Landerbeck, Mathef. Profess. in Acad. Upsaliensi adjuncto, Pars secunda, (See Index to last volume) p. 477. Theorema I. ibid. Cor. 1. p. 478. Cor. 2. ibid. Schol. 1. ibid. Schol. 2. ibid. Exempl. 1. p. 480. Exempl. 2. ibid. Theorema II. p. 481. Cor. 1. ibid. Cor. 2. p. 482. Cor. 3. ibid. Schol. 1. ibid. Schol. 2. ibid. Exempl. 1. p. 484. Exempl. 2. p. 485. Theorema III. ibid. Cor. 1. ibid. Cor. 2. p. 486. Cor. 3. ibid. Schol. 1. ibid. Schol. 2. ibid. Exempl. 1. p. 488. Exempl. 2. ibid. Theorema IV. ibid. Cor. p. 489. Schol. ibid. Exempl. 1. p. 490. Exempl. 2. ibid. Exempl. 3. ibid. Exempl. 4. p. 491. Theorema V. ibid. Cor. ibid. Schol. ibid. Exempl. 1. p. 492. Exempl. 2. ibid. Exempl. 3. p. 463. Exempl. 4. ibid. Theorema VI. ibid. Cor. p. 494. Schol. ibid. Exempl. 1. ibid. Exempl. 2. ibid. Exempl. 3. p. 495. Theorema VII. ibid. Cor. ibid. Schol. ibid. Exempl. 1. p. 496. Exempl. 2. ibid. Exempl. 3. ibid. Theorema VIII. ibid. Cor. p. 497. Schol. ibid. Exempl. 1. ibid. Exempl. 2. Therema IX. p. 498. Cor. ibid. Schol. ibid. Exempl. 1. p. 499. Exempl. 2. p. 500. Litmus, Results of its being mixed with acids, alkalies, &c. p. 419. Fact which seems to call in question its being always a test of the exact point of saturation of acids and alkalies, p. 420. See Red Cabbage. Local Heat, Experiments to investigate the Variation of, by James Six, Esq. p. 428. Thermometers made use of in these experiments, and manner of placing them, in September, 1783, p. 428. Observation on the result of this experiment, p. 429. Manner of placing them on Dec. 19, 1783, ibid. Result of the experiment, ibid. Different dispositions of the atmosphere at the time of making those observations, p. 430. Various state of the weather in September, December, and the beginning of January, with its effects on the instruments, p. 430—432. Description of the valley in which Canterbury cathedral stands, near which these experiments were made, p. 432. Discoveries which may possibly result from experiments of this kind, p. 433. Table I. of the greatest daily variation of heat heat and cold in the atmosphere, from the 4th to the 24th of September, 1783, taken from three different stations, and compared together, p. 435. Table II. of the greatest daily variation of heat and cold, from the 20th of December, 1783, to the 8th of January, 1784, &c. p. 436. *Lycoperdon.* See New Plant. *M.* *Machines Aérostatiques,* sur un moyen de donner la Direction aux, par M. Le Comte De Galvez, p. 469. *Magellan,* M. de. See Comet. *Mann,* Abbé. See Meteors. *Mars,* on the remarkable Appearances at the Polar Regions of that Planet, the Inclination of its Axis, the Position of its Poles, and its Spheroidal Figure; with a few Hints relating to its real Diameter and its Atmosphere, by William Herschel, Esq., p. 233. Various lucid spots observed on the planet Mars, with remarks thereon, p. 235—246. Of the direction or nodes of the axis of Mars, its inclination to the ecliptic, and the angle of that planet’s equator with its own orbit, p. 247, et seq. Of the spheroidal figure of Mars, p. 261. Observations relating to the polar flattening of Mars, p. 262. Result of the contents of this paper, p. 273. *Marshall,* Mr. See King’s Well. *Martineau,* Mr. Philip Meadows. See Ovarium. *Mercure,* Observations du Passage de Mercure sur le Disque du Soleil le 12 Novembre, 1782, faites à l’Observatoire Royal de Paris, avec des réflexions sur un effet qui se fait sentir des ces mêmes Observations semblable à celui d’une Refraction dans l’Atmosphère de Mercure, par Johann Wilhelm Wallot, Membre de l’Academie Electorale des Sciences et Belles Lettres de Manheim, &c. p. 312. Résultats du calcul des observations précédentes selon leurs différentes combinaisons, p. 314. Table des résultats du calcul des observations de contacts et du centre de Mercure, p. 319. Conclusion, p. 327. *Mercurius Calcinatus,* and red precipitate nearly the same thing, p. 144. *Mechain.* See Comet, Construction of the Heavens. *Messier.* See Construction of the Heavens. *Metals,* two methods of calcining, p. 172. *Meteorological Journal* for the Year 1782, kept at Minehead in Somersetshire, by Mr. John Atkins, p. 58. Description of the instruments used, and explanation of the tables, p. 59. Journal for January, p. 60—63. For February, p. 64—67. For March, p. 68—71. For April, p. 72—75. For May, p. 76—79. For June, p. 80—83. For July, p. 84—87. For August, p. 88—91. For September, p. 92—95. For October, p. 96—99. For November, p. 100—103. For December, p. 104—107. *Meteors,* Metors, Description of one observed August 18, 1783, by Mr. Tiberius Cavallo, p. 108. State of the weather, and situation of the meteor, ibid. Its course, direction, and duration, p. 109. Acquires a tail, parts into several small bodies with tails, and disappears, p. 110. A rumbling noise heard after its disappearance, ibid. Conjectural calculation of its distance, altitude, course, &c. p. 111. Account of those of the 18th of August and 4th of October, 1783, by Alexander Aubert, Esq. p. 112. Method he took to be able to give a perfect account of it, ibid. Time of its appearance, and state of the heavens, p. 112. Manner of the first appearance of that of August 18, and its different changes, p. 113. Its magnitude, ibid. Its duration, and length of its course, p. 114. Its supposed altitude, ibid. Appearance of that of Oct. 4, ibid. Its course and variety of appearances, ibid. p. 115. Time of appearance, ibid. Observations on a remarkable one seen on the 18th of August, 1783, by William Cooper, D.D. Archdeacon of York, p. 116. State of the weather and atmosphere, ibid. Sulphureous vapours observed previous to the appearance of the meteor, ibid. Its course, ibid. And altitude, p. 117. Its division into several balls of fire, followed by two loud explosions, ibid. Account of that of the 18th of August, 1783, in a letter from Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Esq. p. 118. Its time of appearance, ibid. Its size and duration, ibid. Was twice eclipsed, ibid. An Account of some late Fiery Metors, with Observations, in a Letter from Charles Blagden, M.D. Sec. R.S. Physician to the Army, p. 201. Different names of these meteors among the ancients, ib. See Comets. General appearance of that of the 18th of August, 1783, p. 202. Its path described, p. 203. Different shapes in which it appeared owing to the different points of view in which it was seen, p. 205. Was not always of the same magnitude and figure, ibid. Different shapes of meteors accounted for, p. 206. Burst, and separated into several small bodies, ibid. Seems to have undergone other explosions before it left our island, and also upon the continent, p. 207. The extinction of meteors by such explosions doubtful, ibid. The great change in this corresponded with the period of its deviation from its course, with remarks thereon, p. 207. Observations on the light and colours of these meteors, ibid. Time of its greatest lustre, p. 208. And on its height, with the method of taking it, p. 209. Estimations of the altitude of that of August 18, by different persons at different situations, p. 211—213. Observations on the noises attending and following these meteors, which, by shaking doors, &c. is frequently mistaken for an earthquake, p. 215. Its enormous bulk, p. 216. Its duration differently stated, and why, ibid. The periods of its duration are mostly by guess, and why, p. 217. Its astonishing velocity, p. 218. Account of the fire-ball which appeared Oct. 4, p. 219. Difficulty of accurately determining the direction of its course, ibid. Different opinions about it, p. 220. Its height, ibid. Its size, ibid. Its duration and velocity, velocity, p. 221. A similar one appeared the same day, ibid. Meteors which describe short courses unfavourable for calculating the velocity, but advantageous for determining the height, ibid. Reflections on the causes of meteors, with different opinions concerning them, p. 222. Dr. Halley's hypothesis, ibid. Opinion of Professor Clap, of Yale College, New England, p. 223. Strong objection to his hypothesis, ibid. See Falling Stars, Electricity. Mr. Robinson's account of one seen at Hinckley in Leicestershire, Oct. 26, 1766, p. 225. Curious optical effect related by the Abbé Mann, p. 226. See Aurora Borealis. Meteors, an Account of that of August 18, 1783, made on Hewitt Common near York, in a letter from Nathaniel Pigott, Esq. p. 457. Its first appearance, p. 457. Fig. 1. tab. XX. explained, ibid. Its motion, p. 458. Fig. 2. explained, ibid. Its apparent diameter and altitude, ibid. Duration, ibid. Distance and altitude at its extinction, p. 459. Michell, rev. John, B.D. See Fixed Stars. Milky Way. See Via Lactea. N. Nebulae. See Construction of the Heavens. New Plant, an Account of one, of the Order of Fungi, by Thomas Woodward, Esq. p. 423. Generical description, ibid. Manner of its first appearance, which renders it difficult to detect it in its earliest state, ibid. Its rapid progress to its perfect state, p. 424. First discovered by Mr. Humphreys of Norwich, ibid. Is not the Agaricus procerus, p. 425. Approaches nearly the genus Lycoperdon, p. 426. Plants which have all some affinity with the fructification of this plant, ibid. Comes frequently to a state of perfection before it reaches the surface, p. 427. O. Ovarium, An extraordinary Case of a Dropsy of, by Mr. Philip Meadows Martineau, Surgeon to the Norfolk and the Norwich Hospital, p. 471. Age and condition of the patient at the beginning of the disorder, ibid. Her deplorable appearance afterwards, ibid. Swelled to an amazing size, p. 472. Continuance of her disorder, ibid. Number of times she was tapped, and quantity of water drawn off at each time, ibid. p. 474. Comparison of her case with that of Lady Page, related by Dr. Mead, p. 474. Seat of the disorder, and state of the viscera, on dissection, p. 475. Reflections on the whole, p. 476. P. Page, Sir Thomas Hyde, Knt. See King's Wells. Palais Pirie, what, p. 277. Palibin. Palitch. See Algol. Phlogiston. See Air, Light. Phosphorus. See Air. Pigott, Edward, Esq. See Comet. ——— Nathaniel, Esq. See Meteors. Plumbago. See Air. Prefects, List of, p. 501. Priceley, Dr. See Air. Q. Quadrant, Project for a new Division of, by Charles Hutton, LL.D. p. 21. Project for constructing sines, tangents, secants, &c. to equal parts of the radius, p. 22. Particulars relative to this project explained, p. 23—34. R. Rain, Abstract of a Register of the Barometer, Thermometer, and Rain, at Lyndon, in Rutland, 1783, by Thomas Barker, Esq. p. 283. State of the weather from the beginning to the end of that year, p. 284—286. Rainbow. See Halo. Red Cabbage, furnishes the best test, and in its fresh state hath more sensibility both to acids and alkalies than litmus, p. 420. Different methods of extracting the colouring matter, p. 420—422. And of preserving its virtues whilst kept in a liquid state, p. 421. See Violets. Red Precipitate. See Mercurius calcinatus. Robinson, Mr. See Meteors. S. Scheele, M. See Air. Series. On the Summation of those, whose general Term is a determinate Function of z the Distance of the First Term of the Series, by Edward Waring, M. D. Lucanian Professor of the Mathematics at Cambridge, p. 385—415. Shark, mistake of some naturalists concerning that fish, p. 279. Sheerness. See King's Wells. Six, James, Esq. See Local Heat. Solar System. See Construction of the Heavens. Sulphur. See Air. Sun. See Construction of the Heavens. T. Terth. Teeth. See Anarhichas Lupus. Telescope. See Construction of the Heavens. Terra Ponderosa, Experiments and Observations on, by William Withering, M. D. p. 293. Terra ponderosa acrata, its constituent parts, ibid. Professor Bergman's conjecture concerning it, p. 294. Its more obvious properties, ibid. Experiments on, p. 295—297. Conclusions therefrom, p. 298. And observations thereon, p. 298—302. Test Liquor, on a new Method of preparing one to shew the Presence of Acids and Alkalis in chemical Mixtures, by Mr. James Watt, Engineer, p. 419. Syrop of violets was formerly the principal test of the point of saturation of mixtures of acids and alkalies, ibid. The infusion of tournefol, or of a preparation called litmus since substituted in its stead, ibid. See Litmus, Red Cabbage, Violets. Thermometer. See Rain. An Attempt to compare and connect the Thermometer so strong Fire, described in Vol. LXXII. of the Philosophical Transactions, with the common Mercurial ones, by Mr. Josiah Wedgwood, F. R. S. Potter to Her Majesty, p. 358. The design of the experiments recounted in this paper explained, ibid. p. 359. The three first figures of tab. XIX. explained, p. 359. Means employed for obtaining an intermediate thermometer, ibid. The species of gage used on this occasion explained by a representation, p. 360. Caution to be observed in measuring the expansion of bodies, p. 361. Essential requisites of the matter proper for the gage, p. 362. Tobacco-pipe clay and charcoal why preferred in making it, ibid. Method of ascertaining a fixed point on the scale for the divisions to be counted from, p. 363. Method of taking the boiling heat of water, p. 364. And that of Mercury, p. 365. Fig. 4. explained, ibid. Difficulty of obtaining the higher degrees of heat, with Mr. Wedgwood's thermometer, and his method of performing it, p. 366. Comparative degrees of the different thermometers, p. 368. Table of a few principal points that have been ascertained, to shew their mutual relations or proportions to each other, p. 370. Scales of the utmost limits of heat hitherto attained and measured, ibid. 371. Observations on Mess. Lavoisier and De la Place's method of measuring heat by the quantity of ice which the heated body is capable of liquifying, p. 371. Machine for determining the progress of liquifying ice, by exposing it to a warmer atmosphere, p. 372. Experiment for ascertaining that ice, how cold soever it may be, comes up to the freezing point through its whole mass before it begins to liquify on the surface, p. 373. Experiments to ascertain the absorbing power of ice, ibid. 374. Apparatus (fig. 6. tab. XV.) for using ice in these experiments described, p. 375. Results of various experiments, p. 376—379. See Heat-fire. The freezing of water is attended with plentiful evaporation in a close as well as in an open vessel, p. 381. p. 381. Remarkable circumstances in the coating of ice (see p. 377.) on the outside of the throat of the funnel, p. 382. Tin. See Gold. Tournefort. See Test Liquor. V. Via Lactea, or Milky Way. See Construction of the Heavens. Conjecture concerning it, p. 442—447. Violets, method of making a red infusion of, which forms a very sensible test to shew the presence of acids and alkalies in chemical mixtures, p. 422. W. Wallot, Johann Wilhelm. See Mercure. Waring, Dr. Edward. See Series. Warltire, Mr. See Air. Water. See Air. Watt, Mr. See Air, Test Liquor. Wedgwood, Mr. Josiah. See Thermometer. Withering, William, M.D. See Terra Ponderosa. Wollaston, rev. Francis, LL.D. See Fixed Stars. Woodward, Thomas, Esq. See New Plant. FROM THE PRESS OF J. NICHOLS.