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PRESENTS MADE TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY From November 1782 to July 1783; WITH The NAMES of the DONORS. Donors. | Presents. ---|--- 1782 Nov. 7. Torbern Bergman. | Opuscula Physica et Chemica, vol. I. 8° Conte Agostino Tana. | Elogio del Padre Beccaria. 8° Augustus Broussonet, M. D. | Ichthyologia. Decas. 1. 4° Mr. Fred. Will. Gerlach. | The Determination of the Figure and Dimensions of the Earth; of the Precession of the Equinoxes, and the Nutation of the Earth's Axis. 8° Mr. J. J. Menurat. | Essai sur l'Action de l'Air dans les Maladies contagieuses. 8° Mr. Faujas de St. Fond. | Mémoire sur la Maniere de reconnoitre les differentes especes de Pouzzolane. 8° Abbé Toaldo. | Saros Météorologique, ou Essai d'un nouveau Cycle pour le retour des Saisons. 4° Mr. Charles Bonnet. | Collection complete de ses Oeuvres, vol. IV. et V. 4° Martin Poczobut. | A Latin Oration on quitting the Office of Rector of the University of Vilna. fol. Donors. 1782 Nov. 7. Le Duc de Croy. Royal Academy of Sweden. Mémoire sur le Passage par le Nord. 4° The Transactions for 1777 and 1778. 8° The Indexes to the 40 voll. of the old Transactions. 8° The Transactions for 1781. 8° Mémoire pour servir à l'Histoire des Insectes, par M. Le Baron Charles de Geer, tom. VII. 4° Rolandi Martin, M. D. Institutiones Neurologicae. 8° A Roll, containing some Provincial Maps of Sweden, and Plans of some Towns in Sweden. Lettre à Mess. Macquer et Cigna, sur le Salpêtre artificiel. 4° A Treatise on the Study of Antiquities as a Commentary to Historical Learning. 8° Observations on Converging Series, occasioned by Mr. Clarke's Translation of Mr. Lorgna's Treatise on the same Subject. 4° Dec. 5. Dr. William Hunter and Mr. Charles Combe. Nummorum Veterum Populorum et Urbium qui in Museo Gul. Hunter affer- vantur descriptio, Figuris illustrata. 4° Joh. Nath. Lieberkühn Dissertationes Quattuor Anatomicæ, collecta et edita curâ et studio Johannis Sheldon. 4° The History and Antiquities of Hinckley, in the County of Leicester. 4° Meditationes Algebraicæ. 4° Parerga Historica. 4° A Treatise on the Synochus Atrabilioïda, a contagious Fever which raged at Senegal in 1778. 8° 1783 Jan. 9. Mr. Valentine Green, F.A.S. A Review of the Polite Arts in France compared with their present State in England. 4° Della vera influenza degli Affri sulle Stagioni e Mutazioni di Tempo. 4° Connoissance des Temps pour l'Année 1784. 8° Commentarii de Rebus in Scientia Naturali et Medecinâ gestis, vol. XXIV. 8° Feb. 20. Mr. Hurlock. Donors. 1783 Feb. 20. Robert Willan, M.D. 27. Mr. Charles de Shachman. Mar. 6. Society at Gottingen. 20. Thomas Anguish, Esq. 27. His MAJESTY. Apr. 3. Mr. Mustel. May 1. Society of Antiquaries. William Mariden, Esq. 8. Mr. Gamble. 15. Duke de Chaulnes. Abbé Leon. Ximenes. 22. Rev. Dr. Price. June 5. Petr Ferronio. Rev. Dr. Kippis. Mr. Trembley. Mr. Jeaurat. Dr. Martin Wall. Rev. Dr. Cooper. Mr. De Gaulle. 19. Marq. of St. Auban. Mr. Bertier. Presents. Observations on the Sulphur Water at Craft, near Darlington. 8° Beobachtungen über das Gebirge bey Königshayn in der Oberlausitz. 4° Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis, tom. III. and IV. 4° Report of the Commissioners appointed to examine the Public Accounts of the Kingdom, vol. I. 4° A Copy of Doomsday Book, lately printed by the Munificence of Parliament. fol. Traité Théorique et Pratique de la Végétation, 2 vol. 8° Archæologia, vol. VI. 4° The History of Sumatra. 4° A Model of the Poor-house at Heckingham. 4° Mémoire sur la veritable Entrée du Monument Égyptien près du Grand Caire. 4° Teoria, e Pratica delle Resistenze de Solidi. 4° Observations on Reversionary Payments, 4th edit, 2 vol. 8° Magnitudinum Exponentialium Logarithmorum et Trigonometriæ Sublimis Theoria nova methodo pertractata. 4° Six Discourses delivered by Sir John Pringle, Bart. on Occasion of Six annual assignments of Sir Godfrey Copley’s Medal; with an Account of the Life of the Author. 8° Instructions d’un Pere à ses Enfans sur le Principe de la Vertu et du Bonheur. 8° Connoissance des Temps pour l’Année 1785. 8° Dissertations on select Subjects in Chemistry and Medicine. 8° Reflections on the Intercourse of Nations. 8° Construction et Usage du Silometre. 8° Mémoire sur les Nouveaux Systemes d’Artillerie. 8° Histoire des premiers Temps du Monde, prouvée par l’accord de la Physique avec la Génése. 8° Donors. Donors. 1783 June 29. Dr. Fothergill. Mr. Thomas Henry. July 10. William Osborn, M. D. Dr. Ragoux. Prof. Joh. Geo. Büsch. Presents. Hints for restoring Animation by an improved Plan. 8° Memoirs of Albert de Haller. 8° An Essay on laborious Parturition. 8° Tables Nofologiques et Météorologiques dressées à l'Hotel Dieu de Nimes. 8° Tractatus duo Optici Argumenti. 8° AN INDEX TO THE SEVENTY-THIRD VOLUME OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. A: AGRUME, that term explained, p. 195. Air. See Eudiometer, Resistance of Air. Air-pump, description of an improved one, and the account of some experiments made with it, by Mr. Tiberius Cavallo, p. 435. Almost every part of the air-pump improved by Mr. Smeaton, ibid. The principal imperfection of the best air-pumps never removed till the invention of that here described, p. 436. Description of it, p. 437—444. The working of this pump explained, p. 444—447. Experiments made with it, p. 447—452. Algol (the bright star in the head of Medusa), a series of observations on, and a discovery of, the period of the variation of the light of that star, in a letter from John Goodricke, Esq. p. 474. All hitherto known concerning the variation of this star is comprised in a passage of Du Hamel's "Historia Regiae Scientiarum Academiae," ibid. Observations exhibiting a regular and periodical variation in that star, 475—482. Agreement between the author's observations and Mr. Edward Pigott's, p. 475. 480. 482. The usual and greatest brightness of Algol, p. 475. Observations on Algol; its brightness and magnitude, p. 476. Duration of its variation, p. 480. And the regular period of its occurring rendered conspicuous by a table, p. 481. Vol. LXXIII. Ambergris, an account of, by Dr. Schwediawer, p. 226. Properly called Grey Amber; account of the natural and that in the shops, ibid. p. 227. Places where found, p. 227. Beaks of the Sepia Octopodia, or Cuttle-fish (mistaken for claws or beaks of birds, &c.) constantly found in it, p. 228. accounted for, p. 236, 237. See Spermaceti Whale. Facts tending to determine its origin and nature, p. 229. Questions necessary to be answered before its origin can be determined with certainty, ibid. p. 230. The spermaceti whale, or Physeter Macrocephalus Linnæi, the only species of whale in which ambergris is found, p. 230. 240. Symptoms by which it may be judged whether the whale has ambergris in it, p. 231. Manner of taking it out, and in what part it is situated, p. 232. Changes by degrees its consistence, colour, and smell, on being exposed to the air, ibid. 235. Found in the voided faeces of the whale, p. 233. Clusius' and Dudley's accounts of it quite wrong, ibid. Is found in females, but not in such large pieces, or of so good a quality as in males, p. 234. 236. Kämpfer's account comes nearest the truth, ibid. Enquiry whether it is generated in the bowels of the whale, or whether it is taken in with the food, p. 235. That found in whales is not of an inferior quality, or less in price, than that found upon the sea-coast, ibid. Is generated in the bowels of the Spermaceti whale, p. 237. Chemical objections answered, p. 238. Cause of ambergris being so often adulterated, p. 239. Its use in Europe, ibid. And in Asia and Africa, p. 240. Arifloile, said to be the first observer of the lunar Iris, saw but two in fifty years, p. 102. Attraction of cohesion. See Mineral Acids. B. Bagnara. See Earthquakes. Bambaras, who, p. 89. See Mandingas. Barker, Thomas, Esq. See Rain. Barometer. See Rain. Barrah, kingdom of, how situated, p. 90. Batcherees. See Galam. Belidor. See Resistance of the Air. Bergman. See Mineral Acids. Bicker, Dr. Lambert. See Quicksilver. Black, Dr. See Quicksilver, Heat. Blacks, in Africa, very apt to call themselves older than they really are, and why, p. 88. Ignorance and superstition of those about Senegal and Gambia, p. 90. Black Canker Caterpillar, account of that which destroys the turnips in Norfolk, by William Marshall, Esq. p. 217. The turnip crop is the basis of the Norfolk husbandry, ibid. Great damage done by the Black Canker Caterpillar in some seasons, p. 218. Appearance of the yellow fly, from which the canker is supposed to be be produced, ibid. * Not thought to be natives of this country, ibid. Their multitudes, and the great destruction caused by them, ibid. p. 219. Description of them, ibid. The instruments with which the female pierces the leaves for the reception of her eggs, described, p. 220. Description of the caterpillar, p. 221. Manner of its forming its chrysalis coat, ibid. Thought to be the Tenthedro of Hill, ibid. Black wadd, some experiments upon the Ochra friabilis nigra fusca of Da Costa, called by the miners of Derbyshire, Black Wadd, by Josiah Wedgwood, p. 284. May with as great propriety be called Manganese as Ochre, p. 285. Result of different experiments on, ibid. et seq. Blagden, Dr. Charles. See Quicksilver. Blumenbach, M. John Frederic. See Quicksilver. Braun, M. Joseph Adam. See Quicksilver. C. Caffini, M. See Solar Spots. Cassius, why the process for preparing the precipitate of, frequently fails, p. 34. Caterpillar. See Black Canker. Cavalla, Mr. Tiberius. See Air-pump. Cavendish, Henry, Esq. See Eudiometer, Quicksilver. Cayenne pepper, dangerous consequences of using it to excess, p. 93. Cazalet, M. See Quicksilver. Chatte d'Auteroche, Abbé. See Quicksilver. Chaulnes, Duke de. See Sel fusible D'Urine. Chemical affinity, or attraction. See Mineral Acids. Cicirelli, a fish like white-bait, on the coast of Calabria, p. 200. Clusius. See Ambergrise. Cold, is not produced by mixing snow with any substance, unless part of the snow is dissolved, p. 312. Cuttle-fish. See Ambergrise. Grows to an enormous size in the ocean, p. 236. See Spermaceti Whale. D. Decompositions. See Mineral Acids. Double stars. See Sun and Solar System. Dudley. See Ambergrise. E. Earthquakes, Count Fr. Ippolito's letter to Sir William Hamilton, K. B. giving an account of that in Calabria, March 28, 1783, p. i. Calabria at all times exposed to terrible convulsions, ibid. Causes of those phenomena, p. ii. Dates of the four most considerable eruptions, since Feb. 5, the day of the first shock, ibid. Extraordinary heat of the water which overflowed the banks of Scilla and Bagnara, p. iii. Direction of the shock on March 28, and the various motions of the earth, ibid. Subterranean groans and other extraordinary noises heard, p. iv. State of the air, ibid. Places overturned, ibid. Other dreadful effects, p. v. Fissures in the earth, from whence electric fire is supposed to have escaped, ibid. Remarkable changes in the water of a well at Maida, and another at Catanzaro, ibid. Many fountains were dried up, and others broke out where there were none before, p. vi. A new hillock formed in the river of Borgio, and an olive ground overturned near the river Lameto, ibid. Various phenomena which preceded the earthquake, ibid. See p. 209. Earthquake, account of one in Wales, by John Lloyd, Esq. p. 104. Earthquakes, account of those which happened in Italy, from February to May, 1783, by Sir William Hamilton, K.B. p. 169. Duration and extent of them, ibid. Various motions of the earth, p. 170. The face of the earth in Calabria entirely altered, with the dreadful changes made therein, ibid. Singular phenomenon near Laureana in Calabria Ultra, p. 171. Accounted for, p. 182. Number of towns and villages destroyed or damaged, ibid. Returns of the persons killed to the secretary of state's office in Naples, p. 172. See Gerace. Terrible effects at Scilla and the point of the Faro di Messina, ibid. See p. 198. Where many were killed by the heat of the water, p. 174. See p. 183, 194, 202, 203. Times of the most violent and longest shocks, ibid. Only the first and last felt at Naples, p. 173. Remarkable phenomena in the province of Cosenza, ibid. Dreadful devastation at Messina, and some inconsiderable damage in other places in Sicily and Calabria, p. 174. Pozzo in Calabria Ultra entirely ruined, p. 175. An epidemic distemper takes place there, p. 176. The volcano at Stromboli less violent during the earthquakes than for some years past, ibid. Monteleone greatly damaged, p. 177. See Monteleone. Phenomena preceding the shocks, p. 178. Which the cattle appeared to be sensible of, p. 179, 197. Animals preserved without food in the ruins, ibid. 200. The habitations on the high grounds suffered less than those in the plain, ibid. See p. 198. Soil of both described, ibid. 180. Holes in the earth, from which fountains issued, ibid. Those fountains accounted for, ibid. Positions in which the dead were usually found, p. 181. The town-gaol the only building unhurt at Rosarno, p. 182. Deplorable condition of the country between Laureana and Polistene, p. 183. Lives lost in the last-mentioned town, with the humane behaviour of the Marquis St. Giorgio, p. 184. The removal of Terra Nuova accounted for, p. 185. Number of lives lost there, p. 186. Several surprizing phenomena accounted for, ibid. p. 188. A man ploughing transported, with his field and team, across a ravine, p. ibid. Distressed condition of Don Marcello Griullo, p. 189. Amazing alterations in the face of the country near Oppido, ibid. Accounted for, p. 190, 191. Remarkable case of two girls buried under a house at that town, p. 191. Number of lives lives lost at Palmi, and other distressful circumstances, p. 192. See Horses. Nature of the fire which issued from the earth in many places, p. 194-199. Farther account of the manner of the shocks, ibid. Remarkable fertility and beauty of Magna Grecia, p. 195. See Agrume. Humanity of the Abp. of Reggio, p. 196. Earthquakes there in 1770 and 1780, ibid. Effects of the earthquakes on the fishes, explained, p. 201. Cafe of a girl whose foot was cut off by a barrel, p. 204. Reasons for believing the earthquakes were occasioned by a volcano, p. 205-207. Edgeworth, Richard Lovel, Esq. See Resistance of the air. Elective attraction, what, p. 35. Elterlein (Von). See Quicksilver. Endemic diseases, what, p. 85. Eudiometer, an account of a new one, by Henry Cavendish, Esq. p. 106. That invented by the Abbé Fontana by much the most accurate hitherto published, ibid. Observations on different methods of mixing airs, ibid. One proposed, which seems more accurate than the Abbé Fontana's, p. 107. See p. 122, 126. Mr. Cavendish's apparatus described, p. 108. His two methods of proceeding, ibid. Notwithstanding the Abbé Fontana's precautions in measuring the quantity of air used, that method is liable to very considerable errors, p. 109. Method of weighing the containing vessels under water, ibid. A caution to be observed in this manner of determining the quantities by weight, p. 110. Mr. De Saussure's method of weighing the quantity of air, ibid. Method of determining the proper quantity of nitrous air, p. 111. A shorter method for trying common air, p. 112. Observations on the different methods, p. 112-115. Table shewing the diminution produced in trying common air with different kinds of water, &c. p. 116. Chief cause of uncertainty in trying the purity of air, ibid. Best way of obviating it, p. 117. Experiment with distilled water purged of its air by boiling, ibid. Table of the observed and corrected tests of the diminution of nitrous air by shaking in the water, p. 118. Table of the usual diminution on trying common air with different quantities of nitrous air, when distilled water was employed, p. 119. Observations thereon, ibid. Table of the first and second method of mixing airs, &c. p. 121. Method of adding nitrous to common air, without coming in contact with water, ibid. Method of trying whether air is more phlogisticated at one time than at another, p. 126. Observations on the result thereof, 127, 128. Rule for computing the standard of any mixture of dephlogisticated and phlogisticated air, p. 130. Table of the standards answering to different tests on the author's and Fontana's eudiometers, p. 131. Remarks thereon, p. 132. Different methods of procuring phlogisticated air, p. 133. Our sense of smelling can, in many cases, perceive infinitely smaller alterations in the purity of the air than can be perceived by the nitrous test, p. 134. Eye-glasses, a description of a new construction of, for such telescopes as may be applied to mathematical instruments, by Mr. Ramsden, p. 94. In telescopes applied to mathematical instruments, the interference of the first eye-glass before the image is formed is productive of many bad consequences, ibid. See Micrometer, Prism. Advantageous position of the eye-glasses, p. 96. Fixed Stars. See Sun and Solar System. Fontana, Abbé. See Eudiometer. Fothergill, Dr. Anthony. See Quicksilver. Galam, a country 900 miles east of Senegal, the sarccele an endemic disease among their batcherees, or chiefs, p. 89. Their method of riding on horseback, ibid. Gautier, M. See Quicksilver. Geoffrey, Mr. his rule for determining the degrees of affinity, with observations thereon, p. 36. Georgium Sidus, on the diameter and magnitude of, with a description of the dark and lucid disk and periphery of the micrometers, by William Herschel, Esq. p. 4. Apparatus for procuring a lucid disk, p. 5. Observations on the light, diameter, and magnitude of the Georgium Sidus, p. 5. Method of using the artificial disks, p. 6. Real diameter of the star, p. 13. Gerace Grimaldi, Princeps, killed by the earthquake in Calabria, p. 171. 184. Gmelin, Professor. See Quicksilver. Goodricke, John, Esq. See Algol. Greek language, still preserved in Calabria, p. 197. Guthrie, Dr. Matthew. See Quicksilver. H. Hamilton, Sir William. See Earthquake. James Augustus. See Transit of Mercury. Heat, all, or almost all, bodies, by changing from a fluid to a solid state, or from the state of an elastic to that of an unelastic fluid, generate heat, p. 311. Dr. Black's and Sir Isaac Newton's different opinions concerning its production, p. 312. The above phenomenon first observed at Glasgow by Dr. Black and Mr. Irwin, p. 349. Hellant, M. Andrew. See Quicksilver. Herschel, William, Esq. letter from, proposing a name for his new discovered star, p. 1. See Georgium Sidus, Sun and Solar System. Hire, M. De la. See Solar Spots. Hook, Dr. See Resistance of the Air. Horses, Calabrese, excellence of, p. 178. 192. Hutchins, Mr. Thomas, governor of Albany Fort, in Hudson's Bay, See Quicksilver. Mercurial Congelation. Hypothesis. See Newton. I. Ice, the reason why it spreads all over the water, instead of forming a solid lump in one part, p. 311. Ippolito, Count Francesco. See Earthquakes. K. Kempfer. See Ambergrise. Kirwan, Richard, Esq. See Mineral Acids. Knowles, Sir Charles. See Resistance of the Air. L. Landé, M. De la. See Solar Spots, Sun, and Solar System. Landerbeck, Nicolao. See Lineas Curvas. Laxmann, M. Erich. See Quicksilver. Lightning, letter from Mr. Edward Nairne, containing an account of wire shortened by lightning, p. 223. Course of the lightning from a leaden pipe without the house to the wire of a night-bolt within, ibid. State of the wire before the accident, ibid. And after, p. 224. When it was shortened some inches, ibid. Reason why wires, if not melted, are generally broken when the lightning has passed, ibid. Experiment on iron melted into globules by the lightning, p. 225. And on pieces of steel struck off by striking a light, ibid. Lineas curvas, methodus inveniendi, ex proprietatibus variationis curvaturæ, auctore Nicolao Landerbeck, mathes. profess. in acad. Upsaliensi adjuncto, p. 456. Pars prima, ibid. Theorema I. p. 457. Schol. 1. p. 458. Schol. 2. p. 459. Exempl. 1. p. 460. Exempl. 2. ibid. Exempl. 3. p. 461. Theorema II. p. 462. Cor. 1. ibid. Cor. 2. p. 463. Schol. 1. ibid. Schol. 2. ibid. Theorema III. p. 465. Cor. ibid. Schol. 1. ibid. Schol. 2. ibid. Exempl. 1. p. 466. Theorema IV. p. 467. Schol. 1. ibid. Exempl. 1. p. 468. Exempl. 2. p. ibid. Theorema V. p. 469. Exempl. 1. p. 470. Theorema VI. p. 471. Schol. ibid. Exempl. ibid. Theorema VII. p. 472. Schol. p. 473. Exempl. ibid. Lloyd, John, Esq. See Earthquakes. Lunar Iris, an account of several, by Marmaduke Tunstall, Esq. p. 100. Description of one seen at Wycliffe, near Greta Bridge, Yorkshire, Feb. 27, 1782. Only two described with any accuracy; one by Plot, and another by Thoresby, p. 100, 101. State of the weather when the above appeared at Wycliffe, p. 101. A second seen at the same place, July 30, and a third, Oct. 18, 1782, p. 101, 102. The latter perhaps the most extraordinary one ever seen, p. 102. Description thereof, ibid. By what they seem to be occasioned, ibid. See Aristotle. Lucid disk. See Georgium Sidus. Mundingas, the farcocele sometimes met with among their chiefs, p. 90. Similarity of customs between them and the Bambaras, p. 92. Marabbits, Mahometan priests, some account of, p. 90. Marshall, William, Esq. See Black Canker Caterpillar. Maupertuis, M. See Quicksilver. Mayer, Tob. See Sun and Solar System. Mercurial Congelation, Experiments for ascertaining the point of, by Mr. Thomas Hutchins, governor of Albany Fort, in Hudson's Bay, p. *303. Letter from Dr. Black, giving an account of his method of determining the point of congelation, p. *305. Thermometers described, p. *307. Tables comparing the different thermometers, p. *308—*315. Exp. I. p. *316—*319. Remarks and observations on exp. I. *319. Exp. II. p. *323—*327. Observations on Exp. II. p. *327, *328. Exp. III. p. *329. Observations on exp. III. p. *330. Exp. IV. p. *331—*341. Observations on exp. IV. p. *342. Exp. V. p. *343. Observations on exp. V. p. *344. Exp. VI. p. *345—*353. Observations on exp. VI. p. *353—*357. Exp. VII. p. *358—*360. Observations on exp. VII. p. *360—*362. Exp. VIII. p. *362—*365. Observations on exp. VIII. p. *365, *366. Exp. IX. p. *366. Exp. X. p. *368. Quicksilver frozen by the natural cold in Hudson's Bay, *369. Explanation of plate VII. *370. Metallic earth. See Mineral Acid. Michell, Mr. See Sun and Solar System. Micrometer, almost every sort is liable to some inconveniences and deceptions, p. 4. Many defects in that with moveable wires are caused by the construction of the eyeglasses of the telescopes to which it is applied, p. 94. Mineral acids. Conclusion of the experiments and observations concerning the attractive powers of, by Richard Kirwan, Esq. p. 15. Solution of iron in the vitriolic acid, p. 16. Iron in the nitrous acid, p. 17. Iron in the marine acid, p. 18. Copper in the vitriolic acid, p. 18. Copper in nitrous acid, ibid. Copper in marine acid, p. 20. Tin in the vitriolic acid, ibid. Tin in the nitrous acid, p. 21. Tin in the marine acid, ibid. Lead in the vitriolic acid, ibid. Lead in the nitrous acid, p. 22. Lead in the marine acid, ibid. Silver in the vitriolic acid, ibid. Silver in the nitrous acid, p. 23. Silver in the marine acid, ibid. Gold in aqua regia, p. 24. Mercury in vitriolic acid, p. 25. Mercury in nitrous acid, ibid. Mercury in marine acid, ibid. Zinc in vitriolic acid, p. 26. Zinc in nitrous acid, ibid. Zinc in marine acid, p. 27. Bismuth in vitriolic acid, ibid. Bismuth in nitrous acid, ibid. Bismuth in marine acid, p. 28. Nickel in vitriolic acid, ibid. Nickel in nitrous acid, ibid. Nickel in marine acid, ibid. Cobalt in vitriolic acid, ibid. Cobalt in nitrous acid, p. 29. Cobalt in marine acid, ibid. Regulus of antimony in vitriolic acid, ibid. Regulus of antimony in nitrous acid, ibid. Regulus of antimony in marine acid, p. 30. Regulus of arsenic in vitriolic acid, ibid. Regulus of arsenic in nitrous acid, ibid. Regulus of arsenic in marine acid, ibid. Different proportions of ingredients assigned to neutral salts by Mr. Kirwan and Mr. Bergman, accounted for, p. 31. Advantages resulting from these inquiries are very considerable, p. 32. 1st, In chemistry, p. 33. 2dly, In pharmacy, p. ibid. 3dly, In the improvement of the arts of dying and enamelling, p. 34. 4thly, In the examination of mineral waters and assaying of ores, p. 34. The end which the author had principally in view, ibid. Chemical affinity or attraction, what, and how it differs from attraction of cohesion, p. 35. See Geoffroy, Morveau, Wenzel. Table of the quantity of basis taken up by 100 grs. of each of the mineral acids, p. 38. Things to be considered in all decompositions, p. 40. Tables of quiescent and divelleant affinities, ibid. 57. 71. 74. Experiments for determining the degrees of heat in different acids, p. 44. Of the affinity of the mineral acids to metallic substances, p. 50. Table of the affinity of the three mineral acids to metallic substances, p. 53. The superior affinity of acids to metallic earths, in preference to alkalies and unmetallic earths, demonstrated, p. 54. Of the precipitation of metals by each other from the mineral acids, p. 60. Of the absolute quantity of phlogiston in metals, ibid. Table of the relative and absolute quantities of, p. 61. Experiments to ascertain the truth thereof, p. 62. An experiment of Dr. Priestley's examined, p. 63. Of the affinity of metallic calces to phlogiston, p. 65. Table of the specific gravity and the affinity of the calces to phlogiston, p. 67. Of the affinity of the vitriolic acid to phlogiston in sulphur, ibid. Table of the proportion separated from metals by different acids, p. 69. Table of the affinities of the calces of different metals to phlogiston, p. 70. Of solutions in the vitriolic acid, p. 71. Of solutions in the nitrous acid, p. 72. Of solutions in the marine acid, p. 73. Of precipitations of and by iron, ibid. Of precipitations of and by copper, p. 77. Of precipitations of and by tin, p. 78. Of precipitations of and by lead, ibid. Of precipitations of and by mercury, p. 79. Of precipitations of and by bismuth, p. 80. Of precipitations of and by nickel, ibid. Of precipitations of and by cobalt, p. 81. Of precipitations of and by regulus of antimony, p. 82. Of precipitations of and by regulus of arsenic, p. 83. Monteleone, province of, its fertility and beauty, 176, 177. So subject to earthquakes that the baron has usually a barrack ready to retire to on the first alarm, p. 178. Badness of the roads, and excellence of the horses, ibid. Moon. See Rain. Morveau, Mr. his method of ascertaining the quantity and force of attractive powers incapable of being generalized, p. 36. N. Nairne, Mr. Edward. See Lightning. Newton, Sir Isaac, his definition of an hypothesis, p. 164. See Heat. Vol. LXXIII. P. Pefet, small Italian villages, p. 171. Pallas, M. See Quicksilver. Parent, Mons. See Resistance of the Air. Parker, Mr. his lens. See Phlogiston. Perfect Metals. See Quicksilver. Phlogiston. See Mineral Acids. Experiments relating to, and the seeming conversion of water into air, by Joseph Priestley, LL.D. p. 398. Different opinions concerning Phlogiston, p. 399. Experiments demonstrating that phlogiston is the same thing with inflammable air, p. 400—405. Experiments on alkaline air and inflammable air, or phlogiston, shewing that the first is the compound, and the latter the more simple substance of the two, p. 405—414. Experiments relating to the seeming conversion of water into air, p. 414—426. Experiments concerning the re-conversion of air into water, p. 426. The want of analogy between the conversion of water into air, with other known facts in philosophy, or in nature, accounted for, p. 428. By the same process by which respirable air is made by means of water, inflammable air may be made from liquid substances containing phlogiston, p. 429. Experiments with various liquid substances thrown into the form of vapour, p. 429, 430. Experiments to ascertain the influence of the external air, p. 431, 432, which could not have been made without Mr. Parker's incomparable lens, p. 434. Pigott, Edward, Esq. See Algol. Plot. See Lunar Iris. Pregnant Woman. See Scilla. Priestley, Joseph, LL.D. See Phlogiston. Q. Quicksilver, Observations on Mr. Hutchins's experiments for determining the degree of cold at which quicksilver freezes, by Mr. Cavendish, p. 303. Description of the apparatus sent to Mr. Hutchins by the author, with remarks thereon, ibid. Striking circumstance in the experiments made for freezing mercury, accounted for, p. 304. Two other thermometers, called, for shortness, wooden ones, described, with their use, p. 306. State of the boiling and freezing points of the thermometers when they came back, p. 308. Difference in the position of the boiling point thereon, accounted for, ibid. Dr. Black, though unacquainted with what the author had done, recommended nearly the same method of determining the degree of cold, at which mercury freezes, p. 309. Phenomenon which occurs in the freezing of water, and is now found to take place in that of quicksilver, p. 310. Explained, p. 311. See Water, Heat, &c. Reason why the wooden thermometer continued sinking so long after the ivory one became stationary, p. 314. Quicksilver is capable of being cooled below the freezing point without freezing, p. 315, 317, 322. Phenomenon which occurred occurred in the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh experiments, accounted for, p. 317—321. Recapitulation of the results of Mr. Hutchins's experiments, p. 321. Remarks on the contraction of quicksilver in freezing, p. 322—324. On the cold of the freezing mixtures, p. 324—328. Quicksilver, History of the Congelation of, by Charles Blagden, M.D., p. 329. That it freezes in a degree of cold not exceeding that which sometimes occurs in the northern parts of Europe, and frequently in the more rigorous climates of Asia and America, proved by Mr. Hutchins, ibid. and ought to be ranked among the perfect metals, p. 329. Those metals arranged according to their specific gravity, p. 330. M. Braun, professor of philosophy at Petersburg, first proved that quicksilver could be made solid by a diminution of its heat, ibid. which he discovered by experiments made for a different purpose, suggested by Dr. John Ernest Zeiker, p. 331. Result of those experiments, p. 331, 332. Of which M. Braun presented an account to the Petersburg Academy, published soon afterwards under the title of "De admirando frigorì artificiali dissertatio," p. 333. The mistakes which he retains in his "Supplementa de Congelatione Mercurii," published five years afterwards, p. 334. Notwithstanding which, the greatest part of our present knowledge of the subject is to be found in his writings, p. 335. Translation of the account of M. Blumenbach's experiment, p. 336—338. Difference between M. Blumenbach's and Professor Braun's solid quicksilver, accounted for, p. 339. Mr. Hutchins renders quicksilver malleable at Hudson's Bay, p. 341. Dr. Lambert Bicker's attempt to congeal quicksilver at Rotterdam, ibid. And Dr. Anthony Fothergill's at Northampton, p. 342. Mr. Cavendish and Dr. Black's method of ascertaining the freezing point, the same, but their apparatus different, p. 345. Appearances in Mr. Braun's experiments accounted for, p. 346. Appearances in Mr. Hutchins's ninth experiment accounted for, p. 347. Remarks on his thermometers, ibid. p. 348. See Snow. Experiments made at Hudson's Bay with two thermometers, to discover what degree of cold the freezing mixture produced, p. 352. Observations thereon, p. 353. Extract of a letter from Dr. Mat. Guthrie, concerning his experiments made at Peterburgh for the congelation of quicksilver, p. 354. The consequences deduced by him therefrom, erroneous, and why, p. 355. Error in his method for settling the point of mercurial congelation, how to be obviated, p. 358. Mr. Cavendish, by diluting the nitrous acid to a proper degree, at Hampstead, rendered the cold of his frigorific mixture nearly as great as that of Mr. Hutchins's at Hudson's Bay, p. 359—385—388. That quicksilver has frequently become solid by natural cold, demonstrated, p. 360—363. Dr. Gmelin's observations on the congelation of mercury in Siberia, with remarks, p. 361—371. M. Maupertuis's in Lapland, and M. Gautier's at Quebec, p. 372. Mr. Andrew Hellant's in Lapland, p. 373—378. The Abbé Chappe d'Auteroche's in Siberia, 378. M. Erick Laxmann's in ditto, ibid. M. Pallas's in ditto, p. 379—384. M. Georgi's in ditto, p. 384. The quicksilver retained its fluidity at Prince of Wales's Fort, Hudson's Bay, ibid. Letter from M. Von Elterlein giving an account of his freezing quicksilver by natural cold, p. 389. Letter from M. John Törnsten, on the same phenomenon in Jemtland in Sweden, p. 391. Remarks on that Letter, p. 392. M. Cazalet's account of his rendering quicksilver solid at Bordeaux, p. 395. R. Rain, Extract of a register of the barometer, thermometer, and Rain, at Lyndon in Rutland, 1782. by Thomas Barker, Esq; p. 252. Table thereof, ibid, State of the weather, and fruits of the earth at the first part of the year, p. 243. Hay very plentiful, ibid. The harvest was late and tedious, p. 244. Latter part of the year dry, ibid. Uncommon circle seen about the moon, p. 245. Ramfden, Mr. See Eye-glasses. Resistance of the Air, Experiments upon, by Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Esq. p. 136. The most accurate machine for ascertaining the force and velocity of the wind, invented by the late Sir Charles Knowles, ibid. But his calculations, and those in Belidor's "Architecture Hydraulique," not to be depended on, p. 137. Experiments to determine the difference of resistance between surfaces of different figures, ibid.—141. Mistaken opinion of Dr. Hook, Mont. Parent, &c. concerning the action of the air on the sails of a ship, p. 141. Commonly received demonstration among practical mechanics concerning the sails of windmills and under-shot water-wheels, refuted by Mr. Smeaton, ibid. General cause of the different resistance of the air upon surfaces of different shapes, p. 142. Table, p. 143. Roemer. See Sun and Solar System. S. Sarcocele, a description of a species of a most astonishing size in a black man in the island of Senegal; with some account of its being an endemic disease in the country of Galam, by J. P. Schotte, M. D. 85. Description of the disease, p. 86. Manner of the patient's rising and getting to the door, p. 86. Supposed dimensions of the scrotum, ibid. and weight, p. 87. Manner of his discharging his urine, ibid. His age and state of body, p. 88. Had no symptoms of a rupture, a disorder not very common among the blacks about Senegal, ibid. Account of the beginning and progress of the disease, ibid. his employment, when the disorder prevented his doing his usual work, p. 89. Was alive in 1779, twenty-five years from the beginning of the disorder, ibid. See Galam. Conjectures concerning the causes of the disorder, p. 93. The most probable seems to be an hereditary disposition, ibid. Saturation, what, p. 39. Saufure, Mr. de. See Eudiometer. Schotte, J. P. Sarcocele. Schwediauer, Dr. See Ambergris. Scilla, prince of, lost, with a great number of his subjects, p. 203. See Earthquakes. Remarkable case of a pregnant woman of that place, p. 204. Sel fusible d’Urine, Mémoire sur la Manière de préparer, avec le moins de perte possible, le Sel fusible d’Urine blanc, et pur, et l’Acide phosphorique parfaitement transparent, by the Duke de Chaulnes, p. 288. Smeaton. See Resistance of the Air, Air-pump. Snow, in melting constantly absorbs a certain and equal quantity of heat, which is employed entirely in giving it fluidity, p. 349. See Cold. Solar Spots. Answer to the objections of M. De la Lande, against those spots being excavations in the luminous matter of the sun, together with a short examination of the views entertained by him upon that subject. By Alexander Wilson, M. D. p. 144. A former volume of Transactions referred to, for the doctor’s reasons for concluding that all spots consisting of a dark nucleus and surrounding umbra, are excavations in the luminous matter, p. 145. His conviction thereof have been perfected by eight years subsequent observations, p. 146. Persons less used to examine objects with glasses may require more palpable dimensions of future great spots to behold these phenomena, ibid. The objection that the absence of the umbra on one side, when spots are near the limb, is not constantly answered, p. 147. et seq. Messrs Cassini and De la Hire did not think any thing of moment depended on a new attention to the form of the spots, p. 148. Though some few spots may differ from all the rest, it will not warrant the conclusion that no spot can be an excavation, p. 149. How far spots, which near the middle of the disk appear equal and similar in all things, may yet differ from one another as excavations, &c. considered, ibid. Distinction between the nearest and farthest umbra, p. 150. Examples of the depth of the nucleus and the apparent breadth of the nearest umbra, of a spot of 40” all over, when the plane of the farthest comes to coincide with the visual ray, p. 151. Remarks thereon, ibid. Method of computing the distance of the nucleus from the limb when it is totally hid, p. 152. Why very shallow spots cannot always be known from the rest, p. 153. Difficulty concerning the great depth of the excavations removed, p. 154. Experiments made on a model of the sun and its spots, according to their proper dimensions, p. 155. Method of making the model, p. 155. Observations on the dark notches made in the sun’s disk, by the great spots seen in 1719, and June 3, 1703, p. 157; et seq. Those notches no proofs of projecting nuclei, or irreconcilable to spots being depressions in the sun, p. 158. The only admissible arguments, and which carry perfect conviction, concerning the nature of the spots, are those grounded upon the principles of optical projection, p. 159. Optical and physical arguments defined, p. 160. Dark and limited sphere of human reason, in regard to the economy of the sun, p. 161. That the spots are really excavations or depressions, is a fact established by optical arguments, ibid. and the only one the author contends for, p. 163. Strictures on M. de la Lande’s theory of the polar spots, p. 165—168. Spermaceti. Spermaceti whale. See Ambergrish. The cuttle-fish their constant food, p. 236. Marks by which it is distinguished, p. 241. Spermaceti not the brain of the fish, ibid. Stars. See Sun and Solar System. Steel. See Lightning. Sun and Solar System. On the proper motion of, with an account of several changes that have happened among the fixed stars since the time of Mr. Flamstead, by William Herschel, Eq. p. 247. Reasons for suspecting there is not one fixed star in the heavens, p. 248. See p. 259. Short account of the changes in the heavens since Mr. Flamstead's time, p. 249. Account of Mr. Herschel's three reviews, and the instruments he used, ibid. Convenient apparatus of his telescope, with the particularities he attended to in his last review, p. 250. Changes observed since Flamstead's time, viz. I. Stars lost, or which have undergone some capital change, ibid. In Hercules, p. 251, 253. In Cancer, ibid. 252. In Perseus, p. 251. In Pisces, p. 252. In Hydra, ibid. In Orion, ibid. In Comæ Berenices, 253. In Draco, ibid. II. Stars that have changed their magnitude, p. 254. In Draco, ibid. In Cetus, ibid. In Serpens, ibid. In Cygnus, ibid. In Ursa Minor, ibid. In Bootes, ibid. In Delphinus, ibid. In Triangulus, ibid. In Aquila, ibid. In Sagittarius, p. 255. In Canus Major, ibid. In Serpens, ibid. In Equuleius, ibid. In Delphinus, ibid. In Bootes, ibid. In Sagitta, ibid. In Ursa Major, ibid. In Hydra, ibid. In Lyra, p. 256. In Draco, ibid. In Cancer, ibid. In Taurus, ibid. In Aries, ibid. In Lynx, ibid. In Monoceros, ibid. In Gemini, ibid. In Orion, p. 257. In Leo, ibid. III. Stars newly become visible, p. 257. Near Laarta's tail-end, ibid. In Perseus, ibid. Near the head of Cepheus, ibid. In Gemini, ibid. In Equuleius, 258. In Sextans, ibid. Between Cancer and Hydra, ibid. In Hercules, ibid. In Bootes, ibid. Not easy to prove stars to be newly come, ibid. Probable reasons for supposing every star to be more or less in motion, p. 259. The proper method of detecting the direction and quantity of the supposed proper motion of the sun, by a few geometrical deductions, pointed out, p. 260. Probable tendency of the course of the solar system, shewn, ibid. Fig. 1. and 2. explained, p. 260, 261. Double stars on which to make observations for ascertaining small relative motions among the fixed stars, 263. Deviations of the planets from the law which all other stars seem to obey, explained, p. 267. Fig. 3. explained, ibid. M. de la Lande's table of the proper motion of twelve stars, both in right ascension and declination, p. 270. Fig. 4. explained, ibid. Striking circumstances in the quantities of the motions of the above stars, p. 271. et seq. Postscript, concerning Mr. Tob. Mayer's comparison of the place of 80 stars observed by him in 1756, with the same stars as given by Roemer in 1706, p. 274, et seq. Remarks on Mr. Michell's admirable idea of the stars being collected into systems, p. 276. Table of the stars which agree with Mr. Herschel's assigned motion of the solar system, p. 277. and of those whose motions cannot be accounted for by his hypothesis, p. 278. and remarks thereon, ibid. et seq. Fig. 5. explained, p. 279. A paragraph of Mayer's, which seems to contain a strong objection against the motion of the solar system, but may may be shewn to be a very good argument in its favour, p. 281. Possibility of a solar motion shewn by Dr. Wilson, and inferred by Mr. De la Lande, p. 283. T. Tables. See Mineral Acids, Eudiometer, Solar Spots, Sun and Solar System. Telescopes. See Eye-glasses. Tentbread of Hill. See Black Canker Caterpillar. Thermometer. See Rain. Thoresby. See Lunar Iris. Törnsten, M. John. See Quicksilver. Transit of Mercury. Extract of a letter from the Rev. James Augustus Hamilton, giving an account of his observation of the Transit of Mercury over the Sun, of 12 Nov. 1782, observed at Cook’s-Town, near Dungannon in Ireland, p. 453. State of Mr. Hamilton’s general apparatus, ibid. Apparent time by the clock at, and after the ingress of Mercury, p. 454. Time of the first external and internal contact, ibid. Longitude and latitude of the place of observation, p. 455. Tunstall, Marmaduke, Esq. See Lunar Iris. V. Volcanos, advantages of, p. ii. See earthquakes. W. Wadd. See Black Wadd. Water, is capable of being cooled considerably below the freezing point, without congelation taking place, p. 311. Reason of the long interval between its beginning to freeze and being entirely frozen, p. 312. Wedgwood, Josiah. See Black Wadd. Wenzel, Mr. his method of ascertaining the quantity and force of attractive powers, p. 37. Its defects, ibid. Wilson, Dr. Alexander. See Solar Spots, Sun and Solar System. Wire. See Lightning. Z. Zeiker, Dr. See Quicksilver. FROM THE PRESS OF J. NICHOLS.