An Account of. Some of the More Rare English Plants Observed in Leicestershire

charged by urine. The mother said she had never slept, but the sister and daughter declare they slept as usual. The mother and sister say, that on the day they were buried their monthly evacuations were upon them, but they had not the least sign of them afterwards. The above account was attested by the said women before the Intendant on the 16th of May, 1755. CXII. An Account of some of the more rare English Plants observed in Leicestershire. To the Earl of Macclesfield, President of the Royal Society. My Lord, I take the liberty, by your lordship's means, of communicating to the Royal Society an account of some of the more rare plants, growing spontaneously in Leicestershire, transmitted to me by its author, Mr. Richard Pultney, an apothecary at Leicester. Mr. Pultney is a person of real merit, well skilled not only in whatever relates to his profession, but also in various parts of Natural History. His botanical knowledge is very extensive, and he is very zealous in promoting it. He has already laid before the public, though his modesty would not permit permit him to subscribe his name thereto, a series of very curious and useful observations upon the vegetable poisons growing in England; the knowledge of which cannot be too much or too generally inculcated. The plants in the work, now put into your lordship's hands, are disposed according to the sexual system of Dr. Linnæus, a very worthy member of this Society: but our author has not contented himself with a simple arrangement of the plants, the subject of his work; he has gone further, and has given us not only the synonymes of some of the best authors, but as far as his reading and observations have enabled him, their medical and economical uses and their places of growth. Nothing can more tend to the advancement of the natural history of this kingdom, than that persons conversant in the various parts of it, should collect the productions of their own neighbourhood, and transmit accounts thereof to the Royal Society. How much correspondence of this kind has already done, nothing can give a stronger testimony than the Synopsis Stirpium Britannicarum of the late Mr. Ray; as this, joined to his own industry, enabled Mr. Ray to communicate to the public a more perfect account of the plants of this country than any other nation has yet seen. I shall make no apology for troubling your lordship with this, as I am well apprised how sure every performance is to meet with your lordship's patronage, which tends to promote the ends of the institution of that Society, over which you so very worthily preside. I have I have the honour to be with the greatest deference and regard, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obliged, Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, Nov. 24, 1756. and obedient Servant, W. Watson. Stirpium rariorum in agro Leicestrensi sponte nascentium Sylloge. Ejusmodi Florae, ita haud parvo quidem sunt subsidio incolis aliisque qui intra ejusdem regionis plagas degunt, plantasque istius terrae sibi familiares reddere gestiunt: Deinceps in illis itidem videre licet, quamquam et quam diversas quævis terra gignat producatque plantas pro ratione Situs atque Soli, unde uti Regionum, ita et plantarum mutua et haud parva differentia originem trahat sui. Linn. Flor. Anglic. MONANDRIA. monogynia. Hippuris Linn. Gener. Plantar. Edit. 5ta. No. 11. Hippuris. Flor. Lapp. N°.1 Flor. Suec. N°. 2. Sp. Pl. p. 4. Limnopeuce Cord. Vaill. Raii Syn. Ed. 3. p. 136. Haller Helv. p. 197. Vol. 49. Equisetum palustre brevioribus foliis polyspermon. C. B. pin. 15. Female Horsetail. In stagnant and slow-running waters and in marshy places. This elegant plant is not common in these parts. It is found in the river Soar, near Loughborough; also in a little brook near the seat of the Rev. Granville Wheler, Esquire, at West Leke Nottinghamshire. This plant was soon discovered by the botanists, after the revival of learning, but they were at a great loss whither to refer it. Many of them took it for the Polygonum or Sanguinaria fæmina of Dioscorides: at length it fell among the Equisetata or Horsetails; till Ruppius, Dillenius, and Vaillant, finding its parts of fructification very different from the Horsetails, called it by a different name, the former adopting the word Pinastella, and two the latter the old name Limnopusce. The flower of this plant is perhaps the most simple in all nature. It has neither Calyx nor Petal, but consists only of one Stamen and one Pistil, followed by a single seed. DIANDRIA monogynia. VERONICA Linn. Gen. Plant. N°. 25. Veronica spicis lateralibus pedunculatis, foliis oppositis, caule procumbente Mat. Med. II. Sp. Plant. II. Veronica mas supina et vulgatissima C. B. 246. Raii Syn. 281. Male Male Speedwell, or Fluellin, or True Paul's Betony. On dry barren Grounds, especially upon heaths, flowering in June. Upon Charley Forest sparingly. In Garenton Park. Upon the old walls in and about Buddon Wood near Quarndon. This is the true Veronica of the shops, which stands so well recommended by Hoffman, Boerhaave, and others, as an excellent and approved Deobstruent. What is sold for it in the shops here in the country, by the common herb-gatherers is the Veronica pratensis minor of Gerard and Parkinson, called Little or Smooth Fluellin or Paul's Betony, which is abundantly more common than the true sort. It is not long since the Veronica was a fashionable remedy for the gout, some taking it in the form of tea, and others the powder of the dried leaves. Veronica, racemis lateralibus, pedicellis pendulis, foliis linearibus integerrimis. Flor. Suec. 9. Sp. Plant. 12. Veronica aquatica angustifolia minor : Raii Syn. 280. Anagallis aquatica angustifolia scutellata C. B. p. 252. Narrow leaved Water Speedwell or Brooklime. By the banks of ditches and on the bogs flowering in May and June. This plant is very rare in these parts; I have only seen it in a moist place in one of the closes between Loughborough and Burley Hall. Pinguicula Gen. Plant. Plant. 28. Pinguicula nectario cylindraceo longitudine petali. Fl. Lap. ii. Sp. Pl. 17. Pinguicula Gesneri J. B. III. 546. Raii Syn. 289. Butterwort or Yorkshire Sanicle. In Bogs and Marshes flowering in June. In several of the moist closes about Buddon Wood. This plant is of a purging quality, and Parkinson relates, that the poorer people in Wales make a syrup of it, which they use as a purge, Theat. Bot. p. 534. It was long since observed to be hurtful to the sheep, and it appears from the result of the experiments in the Pan Suecus of Linnæus, that neither the horses, goats, nor horned cattle will eat of it. Amæn. Acad. vol. ii. p. 238. The plant is of great use in the Lapland Oeconomy; see Fl. Lappon. p. 10. Triandria monogynia. Scirpus Gen. Plant. 62. Scirpus culmo triquetro folioso, panicula foliosa, pedunculis nudis supra-decompositis, spicis confertis Fl. Suec. 38. Sp. Pl. p. 51. Scirpus planifolius, caule triquetro, panicula foliis insidente Haller. Helv. p. 247. Cyperus gramineus, J. B. 2. 504. Raii Syn. 426. Millet Cyperus Grafs. In watery places about ditches, brooks, ponds, &c. flowering in July and August: Plentifully in an old pond in Sir Isaac Woolaston's park, at Loseby; and elsewhere, but not common. Eriophorum, Gen Pl. 63. Eriophorum culmis teretibus, foliis planis spicatis pedunculatis. Fl. Suec. 44. Sp. Pl. 52. Linagrostis foliis planis spicis multiplicibus Hall. Helv. p. 250. Linagrostis, Tabern. Raii Syn. p. 435. Cotton Grass. On bogs and marshes. Upon Charley Forest. In the closes about Woodhouse; near Buddon Wood, and elsewhere. Some of the poor people in Sweden for want of feathers fill their beds with the down of this grass, Fl. Lappon. p. 18. It seems applicable to other economical uses; as its texture is very fine, and it may in our own country be gathered in great quantities in many places. Nardus, Gen Pl. 65. Nardus spica setacea recta. Fl. Suec. 47. Sp. Plant. 53. Gramen sparteum juncifolium C. B. pin. R. Syn. 392. Hall. Helv. 203. Small Matweed. On dry barren heaths, and sometimes in marshes flowering in April; almost all over Charley Forest. Horses and other cattle, but especially the sheep, are fond of this grass; but it is seldom found among our hay, being too short for the scythe to reach. Digynia. Aira, Gen. Pl. 75. Aira foliis setaceis: vaginis angulatis, floribus paniculato spicatis, flosculis basi aristatis. It. Scan. 226. Sp. Pl. 65. Gramen Gramen parvum præcox panicula laxa canescente. R. Syn. Ed. 2. 260. Ed. 3. 407. Tab. 22. Fig. 2. bene. Pluk Alm 177 Tab. 33. Fig. 9. male. On dry barren ground, especially on gravelly soil, and not uncommon upon mud walls. I have observed it in several places about Leicester and Loughborough. Upon Beacon and Bardon hills, in Charley Forest more plentifully. It may be called small vernal grass with a loose whitish spike. Melica, Gen. Pl. 76. Melica petalis imberbibus, panicula nutante simplici. Sp. Pl. p. 66. Gramen avenaceum nemorense glumis rarioribus ex fusco-xerampelinis R. Syn. 403. Gr. avenaceum locustis rarioribus, C. B. p. 10. C. Gr. avenaceum locustis rubris montanum C. B. p. 10. R. Syn. 403. Ex Sententia D. Doody, Linnæi, Halleri, Dalibard. Red Oat Grass of the Woods. In Buddon Wood, and here and there upon Charley Forest, as about Swithland flate-pits. It flowers in April and May. Tetrandria. monogynia. Dipsacus, Gen. Plant. N°. 107. Dipsacus foliis petiolatis appendiculatis. Hort. Upsal. 25. Sp. Pl. 97: Dipsacus capitulis hæmisphæricis nudis. Hall. Helv. p. 672. Dipsacus Dipsacus minor seu Virga Pastoris Ger. em. 1168. R. Syn. 192. Small Wild Teasel or Shepherd's Rod. On the banks of ditches about hedges especially in moist and undisturbed places, flowering in July and August. In the lanes about Garenton Park, sparingly. In Hollinghall Wood, near Loughborough, sparingly. Plentifully about the old pond in Sir Isaac Woolaston's Park, where the Cyperus Gramineus grows. Asperula, Gen. Plant. No. 113. Asperula foliis octonis lanceolatis, fasciculis florum pedunculatis. Fl. Suec. 114. Sp. Plant. 103. Asperula Ger. 966. R. Syn. p. 224. Herb Wood-roofe. In mountainous woods, and under bushes flowering in May. In Buddon, Okely, and Hollinghall Woods, near Loughborough. In the Stocking Wood near Leicester. Dr. Gmelin in the Petersburgh Acts, as he is quoted by Haller Enum. Stirp. Helv. p. 458. observes, that the fixed salt of this plant is a stronger alkaline than any other. The plant has a very agreeable odour, and will drive away the moths. Amæn. Acad. Vol. I. p. 358. Plantago, Gen. Plant. No. 133. Plantago foliis linearibus dentatis, scapo tereti, Sp. Plant. p. 115. Plantago foliis laciniatis Coronopus dicta, R. Syn. 315. Coronopus sylvestris hirsutior C. B. pin. 190. On dry sandy grounds, and on heaths flowering in July. One of the hills in Charley Forest, near Sheepshead, called Ives Head, is almost covered over with it. It grows in Preswold Lanes, near Loughborough; also in a close the foot-way between Quorn and the turnpike. From the regular manner, in which the leaves of this plant are expanded upon the ground, it has been called by some the Star of the Earth; and much has been said relating to its virtues against the bite of a mad dog. See Phil. Transf. No. 187. also 457. Alchemilla, Gen. Plant. No. 153. Alchemilla foliis lobatis. Fl. Suec. No. 135. Sp. Plant. p. 123. Alchemilla Ger. 802. R. Syn. 158. Ladies Mantle. In mountainous meadows and pastures flowering in May. It is not a common plant in these parts; I have observed it upon Charley Forest, near Beacon Hill; and in the moist closes at Woodhouse, near Buddon Wood. Dr. Haller, in his Iter Helveticum, attributes the extraordinary richness and plenty of the milk, in some parts of Switzerland, chiefly to this and two other plants common on their pastures; these are the narrow-leaved Plantain and the Muttelina of Gesner and Camerarius. Opuscul Botan. p. 178. Digynia Digynia. *Cuscuta*, Gen. Plant. No. 156. *Cuscuta floribus fæilibus*, Sp. Plant. p. 124. *Cuscuta major* C. B. pin. 219. R. Syn. p. 281. **Dodder.** It is not a common plant in these parts. It is found upon the common nettle in some of the back lanes about Leicester. Dodder is really the same plant wherever it is found; though authors have been used to call it by as many different names as there are different plants upon which it is found. It is subject to variation in the colour of the stalks, which at first are yellowish, afterwards purple: the colour of the flower is variable too, and these accidents have been the sources of several species. M. Vaillant, though commonly averse to the multiplication of species, yet enumerates three kinds of Dodder in the Botanicon Parisiense, p. 43. But Linnaeus, Haller, and M. Dalibard agree in referring them all to the *Cuscuta major* of Caspar Bauhine here mentioned, which is really the only species found in Europe. *Cuscuta tingit purpurascente colore*, Amæn. Acad. vol. I. 359. **Pentandria** *monogynia.* *Lithospermum*, Gen. Pl. No. 166. *Lithospermum seminibus lœvibus, corollis calycem vix superantibus, foliis lanceolatis*. Hort. Cliff. 46. Sp. Plant. p. 132. Vol. 49. Lithospermum seu milium solis J. B. III. 590. R. Syn. 228. *Gromwell*, *Gromil*, or *Graymill*. In dry uncultivated places by the way-sides, in lanes, &c. flowering in June. This is a scarce plant in these parts: I have only seen it on the edge of the Forest about Grace Dieu Park, and there but sparingly. The Lithospermum arvense or Bastard Alkanet is much more common but not so frequent as in Lincolnshire, where I have observed it among the corn about Grantham and Sleaford abundantly. **Hottonia**, Gen. Plant. No. 186. Hottonia. Boerh. Ind. alt. p. 207. R. Syn. 285. Hall. Helv. 487. Sp. Plant. p. 145. *Millefolium aquaticum* f. *Viola aquatica caule nudo* C. B. p. 141. *Water Violet*, *Water Gillover*, or *Gilloflower*. In stagnant and slow running waters and ditches flowering in April and May. Here and there in the River Soar, about Loughborough and Leicester but sparingly. It continues to grow in the places mentioned by Dr. Deering in the Catalogus Nottinghamensis. **Lysimachia**, Gen Plant. No. 188. *Lysimachia paniculata*, racemis terminalibus. Sp. Plant. p. 146. *Lysimachia lutea* J. B. II. 901. R. Syn. 282. *Yellow Willow Herb*, or *Loosestrife*. In watery places about ditches and rivers, flowering in June. This is scarce in these parts. In a moist moist place in the outwoods near Loughborough. I observed it also about a little brook by the highway on the London road, between Northampton and Newport, about four miles from Newport. Lysimachia foliis ovatis acutiusculis, pedunculis folio longioribus, caule repente, Sp. Plant. p. 148. Nummularia minor flore purpurascente, C. B. p. 310. Park. 555. R. Syn. p. 283. Purple-flowered Moneywort. On bogs and marshy grounds, flowering in June and July. In the boggy valleys in and about Charley Forest, and not sparingly. The Lysimachia nemorum Linnæi, or Yellow Pimpernel of the Woods, and the Nummularia, Moneywort, or Herb Twopence, are both more common with us than the foregoing. The purple-flowered Moneywort is one of those plants, which is almost peculiar to England and France; hence we wonder that Linnæus has omitted it in his Flora Anglica. Campanula, Gen. Plant. No. 201. Campanula foliis strictis: radicalibus lanceolato-ovatibus, panicula patula. Sp. Plant. 163. 4. Campanula esculentæ facie ramis et floribus patulis Dill. Elth. 68. Tab. 58. The rigid leaved Bell-flowers, with a diffusive panicle and patulous flowers. This plant is found pretty plentifully in Buddon Wood near Loughborough, and especially in some of the hedges and lanes adjoining. It flowers in July and August. Dr. Dillenius found this plant near Worcester, and took it for a Non-descript, though possibly it may be the plant, hinted at by Merret in his Pinax, under the appellation of *Rapuntium flore purpureo*. It has since been found in Sweden, though Linnæus makes no mention of it in any of his works before the Species Plantarum: elsewhere we have no intelligence of it. We have no doubt but ours is the plant described by both these authors; but if I might be allowed the conjecture, I should think it was known to Parkinson, and is the plant, which he describes and figures under the title of *Rapunculus nemorosus*. Theat. Bot. p. 649. 650. He tells us that the plant he describes under that name grows naturally wild in England; and tho' his figure is very awkward, and his description very vague, yet both answer better to our plant than to any other of the Bell-flowers, which grow spontaneously in England. Parkinson took his plant to be the *Rapunculus nemorosus* of Tabernæmontanus and the *Rapunculus campanulatus nervifolius tertius* of Thalius, or the *nemorosus angustifolius magno flore major* of C. Bauhine pin. 93. N°. 11. But M. Vaillant, (Bot. Paris. p. 27) and Dr. Haller (Enum. Stirp. Helv. p. 494.) apply all these names to the Peach-leaved Bell-flower: hence if these two able botanists are right, Parkinson must have been mistaken, as the Peach leaved Campanula, which he describes and figures likewise in the same chapter, is not a native of England. Whence comes it that professor Linnæus in the Flora Anglicana has referred his trivial name of the plant plant in question to the Rapunculus esculentus or Common Rampions of Ray's Syn. p. 277. No. 4. and that he has in the same piece omitted this last plant, although he mentions it in the Species Plantarum, p. 164. as a native of this island? Campanula caule angulato simplici, floribus sessilibus, capitulo terminali. Vir. cliff. 16. Sp. Pl. 166. Campanula pratensis flore conglomerato, C.B. pin. 94. Raii Syn. 277. Little Throatwort or Canterbury Bells. In mountainous places, especially in a chalky soil. It flowers in July. This plant is very scarce in this county; I have observed it about Grantham, Ancaister, and Sleaford, in Lincolnshire, very plentifully. Campanula caule basi subramoso stricto, foliis oblongis crenatis, calycibus aggregatis corolla longioribus, capsulis prismaticis, Sp. Pl. p. 168. Campanula arvensis erecta vel Speculum Veneris minus Ger. em. 439. Park. 1331. Raii Syn. p. 278. The lesser Venus Looking-glass, or coded Corn Violet. Among the corn flowering in June and July, This I observed pretty plentifully among the corn for four or five years successively near Loughborough. Dr. Haller takes this to be only a variety of the common Venus Looking-glass of the Gardens, and has put it down as such in the Enum. Stirp. Helv. p. 496. and though Linnæus makes it distinct, he doubts whether it be not originally sprung from the same plant. SAMOLUS, Gen. Plant. 205. Samolus, Hort. Cliff. 51. Fl. Suec. 165. Sp. Plant. 171. Anagallis aquatica folio non crenato, C.B. pin. 252. Round leaved Water Pimpernel. In marshes flowering in June. This is very scarce in these parts: I have seen it in the outwoods, and in Buddon Wood, near Loughborough; also upon several bogs near Charley Forest. ATROPA Gen. Plant. No. 222. Atropa caule herbaceo foliis ovatis integris. Sp. Plant. p. 181. Bella Donna Cluf. Raii Syn. 264. Dwale, or Deadly Nightshade. It flowers in May. About Grace Dieu Abbey in this county, but sparingly. About North Luffenham in Rutland. The intoxicating and poisonous quality of this herb is well known, and too many dreadful instances of its effects are to be found in various authors. See Matthiolus Comment. in Dioscorid. p. 756. Edit. 1598. Gerard em. p. 341. Bodaeus à Stapel in Theophrast. p. 586. Wepfer Hist. Cicut. aquat. cap. 17. Boerhaave Hist. Plant. Lugd. Bat. p. 510. The memorable story of the intoxication of the Danes by the Scots, as it is related by Buchanan Rer. Scot. lib. 7. is quoted by almost all succeeding writers, when mentioning this plant. Later instances of its bad effects may be seen in the Gentleman's Magazine for August and September 1747; also in the Magazine for September 1748. See also the case of two children and and their father; the former of which died, and the latter narrowly escaped, by eating the berries of this plant. Hill's British Herbal, p. 329. Dr. Haller quotes several authors both antient and modern to prove its deleterious quality. Enum. Stirp. Helv. p. 507. As pernicious, however, as this plant has generally proved, when taken unwarily, there are gentlemen in the medical way, who have dared to administer it internally in one of the most formidable diseases incident to human nature: this is nothing less than the cancer. In the year 1739, there was a thesis published at Hall in Saxony, tending to prove it a specific in the cancer. Since then it has been administered in a case of that kind with the greatest success. This case is related in a very circumstantial manner and with the greatest appearance of candor and ingenuity, in the Bithiotheque Des Sciences et des Beaux Arts, for the first three months of the 1755. One successful case is far from being sufficient to establish the credit of a new medicine; but the result of that case seems to render it worthy of a farther trial: and happy will it be for a miserable part of mankind, if it be hereafter attended with the same success. Rhamnus, Gen. Plant. No. 235 Rhamnus inermis, floribus monogynis hermaphroditis, foliis integerrimis. Hort. Cliff. 70. Sp. Plant. 193. Frangula seu alnus nigra baccifera Park. 240. Raii Syn. p. 465. The Black-berry bearing Alder. In moist woods flowering in April and May. In the outwoods near Loughborough plentifully. In Buddon Wood. The inner bark of this tree, especially of the root, is a violent purge. Haller observes, that the charcoal of the wood of this tree is preferable to others for making of gunpowder. Enum. Stirp. Helv. 164. and it is used for that purpose in Sweden, Fl. Suec. p. 68. Amæn. Acad. V. I. p. 360. The berries of this tree will strike a good green, as Buckthorn berries do, and the inner bark will give a yellow dye. ibid. Digynia. Gentiana, Gen. Plant. No. 285. Gentiana corollis quinquefidiis hypocrateri-formibus, faucè barbatis. Sp. Plant. p. 230. Gentiana pratensis flore lanuginoso C. B. pin. 188. Raii Syn. 275. Dwarf Autumnal Gentian, or Fellwort. In dry mountainous pastures especially where the soil is chalky. It flowers in August. In the pastures about East Leke, Nottinghamshire, but sparingly. The Vernal Dwarf Gentian, said, in the Synopsis, p. 275, to be found by Mr. Fitz Roberts near Kendal, is a mistake, arising from the autumnal Gentian being observed to flower sooner than common: hence it does not appear, that that plant has yet been found in England. See Wilson's Synopsis of British Plants, p. 135. The Gentiana perfoliata Linnæi, or Yellow Centaury, continues to grow where Dr. Deering mentions it near Nottingham. **TORDYLIUM**, Gen. Plant. No. 293. *Tordylium umbella conferta nudiuscula: foliis pinnatis: foliolis lanceolatis inciso-ferratis.* Sp. Plant. 240. *Caucalis arvensis echinata latifolia.* C. B. p. 152. Raii Syn. p. 219. *Purple-flowered great Bastard Parsley.* I have never seen this plant in Leicestershire, but have observed it among the corn in Lincolnshire, especially about Ancaster and Sleaford. *Tordylium umbellis simplicibus sessilibus, feminibus exterioribus hispidis,* Sp. Plant. p. 240. *Caucalis nodosa echinato semine,* C. B. p. 153. Raii Syn. p. 223. *Knotted Parsley.* On the borders of fields, by the way sides, and on dry banks, flowering in June and July. Upon the banks by the turnpike-road about Hathern. Mr. Tomlinson. Upon dry banks about Leicester. **PEUCEDANUM**, Gen. Plant. No. 302. *Peucedanum foliolis pinnatifidis: laciniiis oppositis.* Hort. Cliff. 94. Flor. Sibir. I. p. 189. Sp. Plant. p. 246. *Seseli pratense nostras.* Park. Raii. Syn. p. 216. *Meadow Saxifrage.* This plant is very plentifully found in most of our moist meadows and pastures, and not unfrequent- ly on the higher grounds. It flowers in May and June. This plant is omitted by Linnæus in the Flora Anglica, although it is one of those which is found as plentifully here as in any other part of Europe. **Sium**, Gen. Plant. 310. *Sium foliis pinnatis, umbella terminali.* Hort. Cliff. 98. *Sp. Plant. 251.* *Sium majus latifolium in summitate umbelliferum,* Raii Syn. p. 211. *Sium latifolium,* C. B. pin. 154. *Great Water Parsnip.* In and about the banks of rivers, flowering in July. In many places, in the river Soar, near Leicester, and Loughborough. **Sison,** Gen. Plant. No. 311. *Sison foliis pinnatis, umbellis erectis.* Royen. Lugd. 105. Sp. Plant. p. 252. *Sium aromaticum Sison officinarum,* Tourn. 308. *Raii Syn. 211 Bastard Stone Parsley.* In moist places about the banks of ditches, &c. flowering in July. In and about the N.E. side of Okely Wood, near Hathern. Mr. Tomlinson. **Phellandrium,** Gen. Plant. No. 315. *Phellandrium foliorum ramificationibus divaricatis,* Sp. Plant. 255. *Phellandrium vel Cicutaria aquatica,* J. B. III. 183. *Raii Syn. p. 215. Water Hemlock.* Abundantly in the river Soar about Leicester. This This plant has been in great repute in Germany, and particularly Heister has given great commendations of it. It is used externally for dissolving tumours of the schirrous kind, and in cataplasm for cancers and gangrenes. It has the character of being poisonous; and it has been observed, that if horses eat of it, it will occasion a paraplegia: on the other hand, the cows are fond of it, and eat it without any ill consequence. Amæn. Acad. Vol. I. p. 361. 418. *Cicuta*, Gen. Plant. N°. 316. *Cicuta umbellis folio oppositis, petiolis marginatis obtusis*. Sp. Plant. 255. *Sium pinnis laciniatis, pinnulis trifidis, nervo non folioso*. Hall. Helv. p. 436. *Sium alterum olufatri facie* Lob. Icon. 208. Raii Syn. p. 212. *Long-leaved Water Hemlock.* About the banks of rivers and ponds, and in marshes, flowering in July and August. This is not common with us: I have only observed it in the pool in Nottingham park, especially at the upper end towards the rock-holes. Many and dreadful are the instances, of the fatal effects of this plant; as not only Wepfer's treatise, but many other papers in the various periodical productions of Europe, evidently prove. Dr. Haller refers to several, Enum. Stirp. Helv. p. 436. See also the Philosophical Transactions, N°. 480. When Linnæus was at Tornoa, upon the Lapland expedition, he discovered to the inhabitants, that the great destruction of their horned cattle, in the spring, when they were first turned out, and when it was no uncommon thing for an hundred of them to perish, was entirely owing to this plant, which is very common in their pastures. Flor. Lappon. p. 72. The Flora Suecica confirms the same effects upon the horned cattle. p. 84. Dr. Gmelin, who observed it in the marshes almost all over Russia and Siberia, tells us, that the people there universally affirm, that the horses eat it without any subsequent ill consequence; but that it infallibly kills the horned cattle, and that they swell very much before they die; which symptom Linnæus had remarked in those that perished at Tornoa. The inhabitants say likewise, that the root of the plant is abundantly more poisonous than the leaves. See Flora Sibirica, Vol. I. p. 203. PIMPINELLA, Gen. Plantar. N°. 318. Pimpinella saxifraga major umbella candida, C. B. pin. 159. Pimpinella saxifraga Ger. em. 1044. Raii Syn. p. 213. Tragofelinum pinnis semilobatis, circumferratis. Hall. Helv. 428. Great Burnet Saxifrage. In woods, and among bushes in shady places, flowering in July. In Hallinghall Wood near Loughborough. In Stocking Wood, and the hedges adjoining, near Leicester. The Pimpinella saxifraga minor is very common with us in dry pastures, and upon banks, about hedges. Linnaeus, Royen, and Ludwig, join these two species together, on supposition that they do not differ differ essentially. Haller keeps them separate, as not having seen the effect of culture upon them. Great deference is due to the opinion of such eminent botanists, and who have had such great opportunities for observation: the difference however is very remarkable, and we have seen them in the fields keeping that difference, when growing together upon the same soil. The root of this plant is one of the ingredients in the Pulvis Ari compositus of the shops, and is a simple much esteemed by some of the German physicians, particularly by the followers of Stahl. Very few of our herb-gatherers know this plant, but produce the root of the common Sanguisorba or Burnet, or those of meadow Saxifrage, for it. Tetragynia. Parnassia, Gen. Plant. No. 345. Parnassia Fl. Lap. No. 108. Fl. Suec. 252. Hall. Helv. 316. Sp. Plant. 273. Parnassia vulgaris et palustris Tourn. Raii Syn. 355. Grass of Parnassus. On bogs and marshes, flowering in August. In several of the marshy closes near Buddon Wood. Pentagynia. Statice, Gen. Plant. No. 348. Statice caule nudo simplici capitato. Hort. Cliff. 115. Sp. Plant. 272. Statice montana minor. Tourn. 341. Raii Syn. p. 203. Thrift, or Sea Gilly-flower. It flowers in June and July. This is not only found in the marshes near the sea, but farther in the inland parts of the country, as I observed in Lincolnshire, where it is very plentiful about Grantham and Sleaford. I have not seen it nearer Leicester than upon a heath not far from Belvoir Castle. HEXANDRIA. monogynia. NARCISSUS, Gen. Plant. No. 364. Narcissus spatha uniflora: nectarii limbo campanulato erecto, petalo æquali. Sp. Plant. p. 289. Narcissus sylvestris pallidus calyce tuteo, C. B. pin. 52. R. Syn. 371. Wild English Daffodil. It flowers in March, but is very rare hereabout: I have seen it by the brook-side, between the obelisk and the hall, in Garenton Park. ALLIUM, Gen. Plant. No. 370. Allium scapo nudo semicylindrico, foliis lanceolatis petiolatis, umbella fastigiata. Sp. Plant. 300. Allium foliis radicalibus petiolatis, floribus umbellatis. Roy. Lugd. 39. Hall. Helv. p. 297. Hall. All No. 21. Opuscul. Bot. p. 379. Allium sylvestre latifolium, C. B. p 74. Rafi Syn. 370. Ramsons. This is not common in Leicestershire. I have seen it among some bushes by the side of a rivulet near Buddon Wood. The Allium vineale Linnæi, or common Crow Garlick, is likewise but rarely seen hereabout. Convallaria, Gen. Plant. No. 383. Convallaria scapo nudo, Flor. Lap. 113. Flor. Sibir. P. I. p. 34. Sp. Plant. p. 314. Lilium convallium, Ger. 331. Raii Syn. p. 264. Lily of the Valley. Lily Convally, or May Lily. In shady woods flowering in May. In Okely and Buddon Woods near Leicester. Dr. Haller observes, that a beautiful and durable green colour may be prepared from the leaves of this plant with Lime. Enum. Stirp. Helv. p. 287. Acorus, Gen. Plant. No. 107. Acorus, Roy. Lugd. 6. Hall. Helv. p. 259. Fl. Sibir. I. p. 1. Fl. Suec. 277. Sp. Pl. p. 324. Acorus verus sive Calamus Officinarum, Park. 140. Raii Syn. 437. True Acorus, or Sweet-smelling Flag. It is found in the river Soar, in several places between Kegworth and Loughborough; especially about Normanton plentifully; also near the abbey at Leicester, but very sparingly. It puts forth its catkin in May. Trigynia. Rumex, Gen. Plant. No. 407. Rumex floribus hermaphroditis: valvulis integermis: unica granifera, foliis cordato lanceolatis. Hort. Cliff. 138. Sp. Pl. 335. Lapatham folio acuto rubente, C. B. p. 115. Raii Syn. 142. Pet. Herb. Britan. Tab. 2. Fig. 5. Bloodwort, or Bloody Dock. In kitchin gardens, fallow lands, dunghills, &c. not very uncommon, flowering in July and August. **Rumex**, qui Latham folio acuto flore aureo, C. B. p. 115. Raii Syn. p. 142. Anthoxanthon, J. B. II. 988. Pet. Herb. Britan. Tab. ii. Fig. 8. *Golden Dock*. In moist pastures and about ditches. In a pasture by the river-side near Hathern; Mr. Tomlinson. Also about Loughborough in several places. **Triglochin**, Gen. Pl. N°. 409. Triglochin capsulis trilocularibus sublinearibus, Fl. Suec. 298. Sp. Plant. 338. Juncajo palustris et vulgaris. Tourn. Raii Syn. p. 435. Michel. p. 43. *Arrow-beaded Grass*. Here and there by brook sides, and in marshy places; about Woodhouse, and elsewhere, but sparingly. This grass is plentiful in Sweden, Russia, and Sibiria, and the oxen are extremely fond of it. From the Pan Suecus it appears, that the goats, sheep, horses, and swine, will likewise all eat it. **Octandra**. **Vaccinium**, Gen. Plant. N°. 434. Vaccinium pedunculis unifloris, foliis ferratis ovatis deciduis, caule angulato. Fl. Lappon. 143. Hall. Helv. 415. Fl. Suec. 313. Sp. Plant. p. 349. Vitis Idaea angulosa, J. B. I. 520. Raii Syn. 457. Whorts, or Whortle-Berries; Leicestriensibus Bill-Berries. On heaths, and in woods flowering in April. In the outwoods near Loughborough, and in Buddon Wood near Mountsorrel plentifully. Bill-berries furnish the Laplanders with some of the greatest dainties of their table. See Fl. Lap. p. 108. These berries are very astringent. Haller refers to the Acta Bresl. Ann. 1722, for an instance where a decoction of them brought on such a constipation of the bowels as proved mortal. Enum. Stirp. Helv. p. 415. ERICA, Gen. Plant. No. 435. Erica antheris bicornibus inclusis, corollis ovatis racemosis, foliis ternis glabris linearibus. Sp. Plant. p. 352. Erica tenuifolia, Ger. 1198. Raii Syn. p. 471. Fine-leaved Heath. This I have observed upon Charley Forest, among the common heath; but more plentifully upon the wolds between Ashby De la Zouch and Burton upon Trent. Erica antheris bicornibus inclusis, corollis subglobosis aggregatis calyce longioribus, foliis quaternis ciliatis patentibus. Sp. Plant. 353. Erica brabantica folio Coridis hirsuto quaterno. J. B. I. 353. R. Syn. 471. Low Dutch Heath, or Besom Heath. With the former, and more plentiful. Dr. Plot tells us, that heath or ling is used in some parts of Staffordshire to malt liquor instead of hops, and that it preserves it as long, without any disagreeable taste. It is a very grateful plant to the bees; and it is well known, that they procure great quantities of honey from it; but what they gather from this plant generally gives the mass a reddish colour, and is not reckoned the best honey. **Daphne**, Gen. Plant. No. 436. *Daphne racemis axillaribus, foliis lanceolatis glabris.* Sp. Plant. 357. *Thymelæa floribus inter folia acuminata, levia duraque.* Hall. Helv. 188. Laureola, Ger. 1219. R. Syn. p. 465. *Spurge Laurel.* In hedges, among bushes, and in woods flowering in March. In some hedges about Belton, near Loughborough. In the lanes about Enderby near Leicester: but is not common with us. **Trigynia.** **Polygonum**, Gen. Plant. No. 445. *Polygonum caule simplicissimo monoxtachyo, foliis ovatis in petiolum decurrentibus.* Mat. Med. 189. Sp. Plant. p. 360. *Bistorta major* Ger. 322. R. Syn. p. 147. The greater Bistort or Snakeweed. In moist meadows flowering in May. In some of the pastures and moist closes near Leicester. *Tetragynia* Tetragynia. Paris, Gen. Plant. No. 449. Paris. Sp. Plant. p. 367. Paris foliis quaternis. Flor. Lap. 155. Fl. Suec. 325. Hall. Helv. 412. Herba Paris. Ger. 328. Park. 390. Raii Syn. p. 264. Herb Paris, True Love, or One Berry. In woods flowering in May. In Okely Wood near Hathern. Mr. Tomlinson. In Hollinghall Wood near Loughborough more plentifully. In the Stocking Wood near Leicester sparingly. Adoxa, Gen. Plant. No. 450. Adoxa, Hort. Cliff. 152. Fl. Suec. 326. Raii Syn. 267. Moschatellina foliis Fumariae bulbosae, J.B. 3. 206. Raii Syn. 267. Tuberous Moschatell, or Musk-wood Crowfoot. Among the bushes on the south-side of Buddon Wood, but sparingly. It flowers in April. Decandria digynia. Chrysosplenium, Gen. Plant. No. 493. Chrysosplenium foliis oppositis. Sauv. Monsp. 128. Sp. Plant. 398. Saxifraga aurea Park. 425. R. Syn. p. 158. Golden Saxifrage. In moist undisturbed places, about hedges, ditches, and in woods flowering in April and May. In the outwoods near Loughborough. Also in the same place with the foregoing plant. Pentagynia. Cotyledon, Gen. Plant. No. 512. Cotyledon foliis cucullatis ferrato-dentatis alternis, caule ramoso, floribus erectis. Sp. Plant. p. 429. Cotyledon vera radice tuberosa, J. B. 3. 683. R. Syn. p. 271. Wall Penny-wort, Kidney-wort; Leicestershire Navel-wort. Upon rocks and old walls flowering in May. Plentifully upon the rocks about the flate-pits at Swithland. Cerastium, Gen. Pl. 518. Cerastium foliis lineari-lanceolatis obtusis glabris, corollis calyce majoribus. Flor. Suec. 381. Sp. Plant. p. 438. Myosotis arvensis hirsutus flore majore Tourn. Vaill. Bot. Par. T. 30. F. 4. Caryophyllus arvensis hirsutus flore majore, C. B. p. 210. R. Syn. 348. Long-leaved rough Chickweed with a large flower. On heaths and dry pastures in a sandy soil. I have never seen a single plant of this species near Leicester, but have observed it abundantly plentiful upon the heaths in Lincolnshire. The Cerastium viscosum Linnæi, the semidecandrum, and aquaticum, are all three very common with us. SPERGULA, Gen. Plant. No. 519. Spergula foliis oppositis subulatis laevibus, caulibus simplicibus. Sp. Plant. 440. Alsine palustris foliis tenuissimis, seu saxifraga palustris anglica. Ger. em. p. 567, 568. Raii Syn. p. 350. English Marsh Saxifrage. On the bogs in Charley Forest near Beacon-hill, sparingly. DODECANDRIA trigynia. RESEDA, Gen. Plant. No. 535. Reseda foliis omnibus trifidis; inferioribus pinnatis. Hort. Cliff. p. 213. Hall. Helv. p. 315. Dalib. Par. 159. Sp. Plant. 449. Reseda vulgaris, C. B. p. 100. R. Syn. p. 366. Base Rocket. About the borders of fields; and upon fallow land, in a sandy and chalky soil. This is scarce with us: I have not seen it in any part of Leicestershire where I have been, except about Waltham on the Wolds. It is plentiful about Ancaster in Lincolnshire. ICOSANDRIA polygynia. ROSA, Gen. Plant. No. 556. Rosa caule petiolisque aculeatis, calycis foliolis indivisis. Fl. Suec. 407. Sp. Plant. p. 491. Rosa pumila spinosissima foliis Pimpinellæ glabris flore albo. J.B. 2. 40. R. Syn. p. 445. The Burnet Rose. On sandy ground flowering in June and July. Among the Gorse about E. and W. Leke, Nottinghamshire. About Kegworth and Sawley, and elsewhere. Rubus, Gen. Plant. No. 557. Rubus foliis quinato-pinnatis ternatisque, caule aculeato, petiolis canaliculatis. Flor. Suec. 408. Sp. Plant. p. 493. Rubus Idæus spinosus fructu rubro. J.B. 2. 59. R. Syn. 467. Framboise, Hindberry; Leicestrienibus Raspberry. In mountainous and stony places; it flowers in May. In Buddon Wood near Mountforrel. The Rubus caesius is not uncommon with us. Fragaria, Gen. Plant. No. 558. Fragaria caule decumbente repente. Roy. Lugd. 274. Dal. Par. 147. Sp. Plant. 495. Fragaria sterilis. C. B. p. 327. Raii Syn. p. 254. Barren Strawberry. In dry barren pastures, and mountainous woods. This is very common with us; much more so than the Fragaria vesca Linnæi, or Common Strawberry, which is found in our woods but sparingly. Potentilla, Gen. Plant. No. 559. Potentilla foliis quinatis cuneiformibus incisis subtus tomentosis, caule erecto. Sp. Plant. p. 497. Pentaphyllum erectum foliis profunde sectis subtus argenteis flore luteo. J. B. 2. 398. R. Syn. p. 255. Tormentil Cinquefoil. On dry mountainous pastures, especially in sandy soil, flowering in July. Upon the old walls about Buddon Wood near Mountforrel. Upon Cotgrave and Stanton wolds, Nottinghamshire. Tormentilla, Gen. Plant. N°. 560. Tormentilla caule repente, Sp. Plant. p. 500. Tormentilla reptans. Petiv. Herb. Britan. Tab. XL. Fig. 10. R. Syn. p. 257. Creeping Tormentil with deeply indented leaves. In the Radmoor closes, between Loughborough and Burley-hall. The common Tormentil is so very frequently found in a procumbent state, that persons not much acquainted with plants, might easily mistake it for this species, without some other distinctive note: hence we wonder, that Linnæus did not form his specific names of these two plants rather from their cauline leaves, than from their manner of growing; those of the common Tormentil being generally quite sessile, or close to the stalk; whereas those of this species are constantly petiolated. The former might then have been called—Tormentilla foliis caulinis sessilibus, and the latter—Tormentilla foliis caulinis petiolatis. The distinction from their manner of growing might have been added too; but it would be almost needless, and therefore contrary to our illustrious author's own rule in the Fundamenta Botanica, N°. 291. POLYANDRIA pentagynia. AQUILEGIA, Gen. Plant. No. 605. Aquilegia nectariis incurvis, Hort. Ups. 150. Sp. Plant. p. 533. Aquilegia flore simplici, J. B. III. 384. R. Syn. p. 273. Columbines. In woods flowering in May and June. In the outwoods near Loughborough. DIDYNAMIA gymnospermia. TEUCRIUM, Gen. Plant. No. 625. Teucrium foliis cordatis ferratis petiolatis, racemis lateralibus secundis, caule erecto. Sp. Plant. p. 564. Scordium alterum seu Salvia agrestis Ger. 536. R. Syn. p. 245. Wood Sage. In all our neighbouring woods, and among the rocks all over Charley Forest. This is sold by many of our herb-gatherers for the true Scordium, to which indeed it is reckoned no bad Succedaneum. NEPETA, Gen. Plant. No. 629. Nepeta floribus spicatis, verticillis subpedicellatis, foliis petiolatis cordatis dentato-ferratis. Sp. Plant. p. 570. Nepeta Nepeta major vulgaris, Park. 38. R. Syn. p. 237. *Nep,* or *Cat-mint.* On dry banks about hedges, &c. flowering in June and July. In Preifwold lanes near Loughborough. In Grooby-lane near Leicester. I observed about Grantham in Lincolnshire. **Mentha,** Gen. Plant. No. 633. *Mentha floribus spicatis folio oblongis serratis.* Hort. Upf. 168. Sp. Plant. p. 576. β *Menthastrum spicatum foliis longiore candicante,* J. B. Syn. 234. *Long leaved Horse-mint.* It flowers in July. I have observed this about Swithland: also at Thorp near Loughborough, and elsewhere, but not very common. *Mentha verticillata minor acuta non crispa odore Ocymi,* J. B. III. 2. 216. Raii Syn. p. 232. No. 5. *Red Mint.* An. Mentha floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis acutis serratis, staminibus corolla brevioribus. Sp. Plant. p. 577. This is very scarce with us: I have only seen it growing in the outwoods near Loughborough, and there but sparingly. De specie nullum certe dico, cum genere Linnaeana interim omnino convenit nostra Planta. Caulis erectus, simplex, vix pedalis: Folia longe elliptica in petiolis fere definentibus, ferrata, glabra: Flores in verticillis laxis e radice ad summittatem conferti: stamina corolla longiora: unde dubium, annon Mentha gentilis Linnæi? Vol. 49. Thymus, Gen. Plant. No. 646. Thymus floribus verticillatis, pedunculis unifloris, caulibus erectis, subramosis, foliis acutis ferratis. Flor. Suec. 478. Sp. Plant. p. 591. Acinos multis. J. B. III. 2. 259. Raii Syn. p. 238. Wild Basil. It flowers in June. This is very scarce about Leicester. I gathered it not far from Belvoir Castle, and about Waltham on the wolds. The Clinopodium Origano simile. C. B. is frequent with us. Melissa, Gen. Plant. No. 647. Melissa pedunculis axillaribus dichotomis folio longiorioribus, caule decumbente. Sp. Plant. p. 593. Calamintha odore pulegii, Ger. em. 687. Raii Syn. p. 243. Field Calamint. On the borders of the fields, about the public roads, and on the banks of hedges flowering in July and August. In Prestwold lanes near Loughborough. In the Town-street near Swithland, and elsewhere. angiospermia. Orobanché, Gen. Pl. No. 697. Orobanche caule simplicissimo pubescente staminibus inclusis. Sp. Plant. 632. Orobanche major Caryophyllum olens. C.B. p. 87. R. Syn. p. 288. Broom Rape. It flowers in June, among the gorse and broom about the outwoods near Loughborough; also about Thrinkston, Grace Dieu, and Sheepshead. **TETRADYNAMIA.** *Siculosa.* **Iberis**, Gen. Plant. No. 721. *Iberis foliis sinuatis, caule nudo simplici.* Hort. Cliff. 328. Sp. Plant. 650. *Nasturtium petraeum* Tabernæm. Icon. 451. Ger. 194. R. Syn. p. 303. *The lesser Shepherd's Purse or Rock-Cress.* On dry sandy mountainous ground among rocks and stones, flowering in May. Upon the rocks at the summit of Beacon-hill, in Charley Forest; also about the flate-pits at Swithland. *Siliquosa.* **Cardamine**, Gen. Plant. No. 727. *Cardamine foliis pinnatis, floribus apetalis.* Sp. Plant. p. 665. *Cardamine foliis pinnatis pinnis laciniatis.* Hort. Cliff. 336. Hall. Helv. p. 557. *Cardamine impatiens vulgo Sium minus impatiens,* Ger. em 260. R. Syn. p. 299. *Impatient Ladies-smock or Cuckow Flower.* It flowers in April and May. Among the rocks upon the summit of Beacon-hill; elsewhere I have not found it. *Cardamine foliis pinnatis, floribus tetandris.* Hort. Cliff. 336. Sp. Pl. 655. Cardamine impatiens altera hirsutior, R. Syn. p. 300. The lesser hairy impatient Cuckow Flower. By the side of the brook at Thorp near Loughborough; and elsewhere, but sparingly. MONADELPHIA decandria. Geranium, Gen. Plant. No. 746. Geranium pedunculis bifloris, calycibus pyramidatis angulatis rugofis, foliis quinquelobis rotundatis. Fl. Suec. 575. Sp. Plant. 682. Geranium saxatile, Ger. em. 938. Park. 707. R. Syn. p. 360. Shining or Stone Doves-foot Cranesbill. This is not common with us; I have observed it among the rocks upon Charley Forest, particularly about Basdon Hill. Geranium pedunculis bifloris foliisque, ramis alternis caule ramoso, diffuso, calycibus muticis. Sp. Plant. p. 682. Geranium columbinum majus, disjectis foliis. Ger. em. 938. R. Syn. 359. Doves-foot Cranes-bill with jagged leaves. Vaillant's figure, Tab. 15. Fig. 3. exactly represents our plant. Geranium foliis ad nervum quinquefidis, pediculis brevioribus, caule erecto. Hall. Helv. p. 366. Dalib. Paris. p. 207. No. 5. Haller's Description, and Vaillant's Figure, Tab. 15. Fig. 2. precisely agree with our plant, so does Linnæus's specific name, Sp. Plant. No. 35. But as he there refers to Vaillant's fourth Figure, we cannot adopt his Synonym, these figures being greatly different from each other. Geranium pedunculis bifloris, petalis integris longitudine calycis, caule prostrato, foliis reniformibus incisis. Sp. Pl. p. 683. Geranium folio malvae rotundo, C. B. p. 318. Doves-foot, or Doves-foot Cranes-bill. These three last are all pretty frequent with us: the two former, however, are by far the most plentiful. The Geranium pratense Lin. or batrachoides, J. B. is also not uncommon. DIADELPHIA hexandria. FUMARIA, Gen. Plant. No. 760. Fumaria filiquis linearibus foliis cirrhiferis. Sp. Plant. 701. Fumaria alba latifolia, Park. 288. Raii Syn. p. 335. Climbing Fumitory. In stony places, and among rocks in sandy soil, and sometimes about standing waters, flowering in May. Upon the rocks in Charley Forest near Whitwick. Decandria. ANTHYLLIS, Gen. Plant. No. 773. Anthyllis herbacea foliis pinnatis inaequalibus, capitulo duplicato. Sp. Pl. 719. Vulneraria foliis ad terram simplicibus ovatis, ad caulem pinnatis. Hall. Helv. 570. Vulneraria rustica, J. B. II. 362. R. Syn. p. 325. Kidney Vetch, or Ladies Finger. On dry mountainous pastures, especially in a chalky soil, flowering in May and June. Plentifully about Ruddington Hills near Nottingham, and elsewhere. This plant is subject to great variation in the colour of its flower; it is found in different places with white, yellow, red, and scarlet-coloured flowers: Linnæus thinks this variation depends in a great measure upon the difference of the soil; as he observed, that in some places, where the soil was a reddish clay, there the flowers were red. On the other hand, where the soil was a white clay, there he found the flowers white. See Fl. Suec. p. 215. LATHYRUS, Gen. Plant. No. 781. Lathyrus pedunculis multijloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliolis ensiformibus, Hort. Cliff. 367. Sp. Plant. 733. Lathyrus sylvestris major. C. B. pin. 344. Raii Syn. p. 319. The other great wild Lathyrus, or everlasting Pease. In Stocking Wood, and in a lane, leading from Belgrave to Thurcaston, near the wood-side. Lathyrus pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis polyphyllis, stipulis lanceolatis. Hort. Cliff. 368. Sp. Plant. 733. Vicia Vicia Lathyroides seu Lathyrus Viciæformis, Raii Syn. p. 320. Pluk. Phyt. Tab. 71. F. 2. Chichling Vetch. In boggy, watery places. Upon some of the bogs in Charley Forest about Bardon Hill. Hedysarum, Gen. Plant. No. 793. Hedysarum foliis pinnatis, leguminibus monospermis aculeatis, corollarum alis brevioribus. Sp. Plant. 751. Onobrychis seu Caput Gallinaceum, Ger. 1063. Raii Syn. p. 327. Medick Vetchling or Cocks-head. This is not found with us. I have observed it in the closes in riding between Croxton and Grantham, Lincolnshire. It flowers in May and June. Trifolium, Gen. Plant. No. 802. Trifolium capitulis villosis quinquefloris, involucro centrali reflexo rigido, fructum involvente. Hort. Cliff. 374. Sp. Plant. 767. Trifolium pumilum supinum flosculis longis albis. Phyt. Br. R. Syn. 327. Tab. 13. Fig. 2. Trifolium pratense supinum cathobleps seu capite humi merso, Barr. Ic. 881. Dwarf Trefoil with long white flowers. Very common on dry sandy banks flowering in May. Trifolium capitulis sessilibus ovatis, calycibus villosis inæqualibus. Sp. Plant. 770. Trifolium flosculis albis, in glomerulis oblongis asperis cauliculis proxime adnatis. Raii Syn. 329. Vaill. Bot. Paris. Tab. 33. Fig. 1. Knotted Knotted Trefoil with oblong heads. On several dry banks in St. Mary's Field, Leicester. Trifolium capitulis sessilibus globosis, calycibus striatis patulis æqualibus. Sp. Plant. p. 770. Trifolium cum glomerulis ad caulimum nodos rotundis. R. Syn. p. 329. Trifolium arvense supinum verticillatum. Bar. Ic. 882. Knotted Trefoil with round heads. In the closes opposite Needlefs Inn, near Loughborough. Trifolium capitulis sessilibus sublateralibus ovatis, calycibus striatis rotundatis. Sp. Plant. 770. An? Trifolium parvum hirsutum, floribus parvis dilute purpureis, in glomerulis mollioribus et oblongis, femine magno. R. Syn. p. 329. Tab. 13. Fig. 3. optime. Plentifully upon some lays near the fish-pool close at Loughborough. Trifolium spicis villosis ovalibus, dentibus calycinis fetaceis æqualibus. Hort. Cliff. 375. Sp. Plant. 769. α Varietas minor ex Sententia Linnæi, quæ Lagopus perpusillus supinus perelegans maritimus Lobelii, Phyt. Br. Raii Syn. p. 336. Tab. 14. Fig. 2. The least Haresfoot, or Haresfoot-Trefoil. Upon the banks of the Raw-Dikes, in St. Mary's Fields, Leicester. POLYADELPHIA polyandria. Hypericum, Gen. Plant. No. 808. Hypericum floribus trigynis, caulibus ancipitibus prostratis. Sp. Plant. 785. Hypericum minus supinum, Park. 572. R. Syn. p. 343. The least trailing St. John's-wort. On heaths and barren sandy ground flowering in July. Upon Charley Forest. About Buddon Wood, and elsewhere. Hypericum floribus trigynis; calycibus ferrato-glandulosis, foliis cordatis glabris. Sp. Plant. 786. Hypericum pulchrum Tragi, J. B. III. 383. Small upright St. John's-wort. In almost all our neighbouring woods, flowering in July. SYNGENESIA Polygamia æqualis. Lactuca, Gen. Plant. No. 814. Lactuca foliis hastato-linearibus sessilibus, carina aculeatis. Sp. Plant. p. 796. Chondrilla viscosa humilis, C. B. p. 130. Park. 783. Lactuca sylvestris minima. Cat. Cant. p. 83. R. Syn. p. 162. Pet. Herb. Brit. T. 15. F. 4. The least wild Lettuce, or Dwarf Gum-Succory. In Hollinghall and Buddon Woods, near Loughborough. In some hollow ways and shady lanes about about Sheepshead and Thrinkston. I observed it also in a hollow way at Carleton two miles from Nottingham. Hieracium, Gen. Plant. No. 818. Hieracium foliis linearibus subdentatis sparsis, floribus subumbellatis. Fl. Lap. 287. Flor. Sibir. II. p. 25. Sp. Plantar. p. 804. Hieracium caule alto multifolio et multifloro, foliis firmis angustis plerumque dentatis, Hall. Helv. p. 748. Hieracium fruticosum angustifolium majus. C. B. p. 129. Park. 801. Raii Syn. 168. Petiv. Herb. Britan. Tab. 13. Fig. 8. 10. Narrow-leaved Rusby Hawkweed. In almost all our woods, and among the rocks in Charley Forest, flowering in June and July. This plant is subject to great variation, and seems to us to have been divided by many authors into several species. We have observed, that in the woods it grows more branched, having many more leaves, which are also broader, of a darker colour, and the flowers of a paler yellow, than when the plant is found upon open places. We are well assured that this is the plant mentioned by Dr. Deering in the Catalogus Nottinghamensis, for the narrow-leaved golden Lungwort, having seen it in the places referred to by him; nor have we seen any plant hereabouts which answers to the descriptions and synonymes of the Pulmonaria gallica or murorum of Linnæus. Carduus, Gen. Plant. No. 832. Carduus foliis sessilibus bifariam pinnatifidis, laciniis alternis erectis, calycibus globofis villosis. Hort. Ups. 249. Sp. Plant. p. 823. Carduus tomentosus Corona fratrum dictus. R. Syn. p. 195. Carduus capite rotundo tomentoso. C. B. p. 382. Woolly-headed Thistle. This elegant plant is common with us, on mountainous ground flowering in July and August. About the Stocking Wood near Leicester. Upon the wolds about Dalby and Waltham. Upon Cotgrave Wolds, Nottinghamshire. I have observed it likewise in many places about Kettering and Rowel in Northamptonshire. Carduus caule subunifloro, calyce inermi acuto, foliis amplexicaulibus lanceolatis ciliatis integris laciniatisque. Hort. Cliff. 392. Sp. Plant. 824. Cirsium Anglicum, Ger. em. 1183. R. Syn. p. 193. The English soft or gentle Thistle. This flowers in June, and is very rare in these parts: I have seen it in some of the boggy places at Woodhouse near Buddon Wood. Polygamia superflua. Tussilago, Gen. Plant. No. 856. Tussilago thyrsoid oblongo, flosculis faemineis nudis plurimis. Hort. Cliff. 411. Sp. Plant. p. 866. Petasites major, floribus pediculis longis insidentibus. R. Syn. 179. Butter-Burr; with Flowers standing on long Footstalks. It flowers in March, and is nearly as frequent with us as the common Butter-Burr. By Dixley Mill, near Loughborough, plentifully, which is the place referred to in Blackstone's Specimen Botanicum, p. 71. By the side of a brook, in the road between Ashby de la Zouch and Appleby. About Barkby, near Leicester, &c. Solidago, Gen. Plant. No. 859. Solidago caule subflexuoso angulato, racemis particulatis erectis confertis. Sp. Plant. p. 880. Solidago caule erecto, racemis alternis erectis. Hort. Cliff. 409. Hall. Helv. 729. Flor. Sibir. II. p. 164. Virga aurea, Ger. 348. R. Syn. p. 176. Golden Rod. It flowers in July and August, and is found in mountainous woody places. It is plentiful about Buddon Wood near Mountforrel. Inula, Gen. Plant. No. 860. Inula foliis undulatis amplexicaulibus, caule prostrato. Sp. Plant. p. 882. After caule ramosissimo. foliis crispis, floribus luteis sape nudis. Hall. Helv. p. 727. Conyza minor flore globofo. C. B. p. 266. Dwarf Fleabane. I have observed this plant here-and-there about Loughborough; but it is very scarce in these parts: and Dr. Deering told me (1749) that he had not seen it about Nottingham; though I have been informed by Mr. Watson, that it is very frequent about London. Syngenesia monogamia. Jasione, Gen. Plant. No. 896. Jasione. Sp. Plant. p. 928. Jasione foliis lineari-lanceolatis obsolete serratis. Hort. Cliff. 426. Hall. Helv. 496. Fl. Suec. 713. Flor. Sibir. II. p. 215. Rapunculus Scabiosae capitulo caeruleo. C. B. pin. 22. Park. 646. R. Syn. 278. Hairy Sheeps Scabious, or Rampions with Scabious Heads. Plentifully all over Charley Forest, and about Buddon Wood. It flowers in June and July. GYNANDRIA diandria. Orchis, Gen. Plant. No. 900. Orchis bulbis indivisis, nectarii labio lanceolato integerrimo, cornu longissimo, petalis patentibus. Fl. Suec. 723. Mat. Med. 411. Sp. Plant. 939. a. I. Varietas amplioribus foliis ex Hall. Helv. 266. v. Fl. Sibir. I. p. 16. II. quae Orchis hermaphroditica bifolia, J. B. II. 772. Raii Syn. p. 380. b. II. Varietas statura minore, ex iisdem quae Orchis alba bifolia minor calcari oblongo. C. B. p. 83. Raii Syn. 380. 18. Vaillant. Bot. Par. p. 151. Tab. 30. Fig 7. The lesser Butterfly Orchis. Sparingly in some inclosures near Buddon Wood. Ophrys, Gen. Plant. No. 902. Ophrys bulbis aggregatis oblongis, caule subfolio, floribus secundis, Nectarii labio indiviso. Act. Ups. 1740. p. 32. Dalib. Par. 277. Sp. Plant. p. 944. Orchiastrum, i. 2. Michel. N. Pl. G. p. 30. Tab. 26. Helleborine radicibus conicis simplicibus. Hall. Helv. p. 274. Orchis spiralis alba odorata, J.B. Raii Syn. 378. Triple Ladies Traces. It flowers in Autumn. This I have observed in some of the closes about Buddon Wood; also in a close near E. Leke, Nottinghamshire, where the Gentiana, Amarella Linnæi, grows; but it is very scarce. Ophrys bulbo fibroso, caule bifolio, foliis ovatis, Nectarii labio bifido. Sp. Plant. p. 946. Ophrys foliis ovatis. Hort. Cliff. 429. Hall. Helv. p. 277. Fl. Sibir. I. p. 25. Bifolium majus seu Ophrys major quibusdam, J.B. Raii Syn. p. 385. In woods and meadows flowering in May, but not very common with us. In Hollinghall Wood, near Loughborough, plentifully. SERAPIAS, Gen. Plant. No. 903. Serapias bulbis fibrosis, nectarii labio obtuso crenato petalis breviore. Fl. Suec. 734. Dalib. Par. 276. Sp. Plant. 949. a. Serapias caule multfolio multiflоро. Hort. Cliff. 429. Fl. Sib. I. p. 8. Helleborine latifolia montana, C. B. p. 186. R. Syn. p. 383. The most common Bastard Hellebore. In woods flowering in June. In the most northern part of Buddon Wood. In an inclosure adjoining to Beaumanor coppice near Loughborough. b. Helleborine palustris nostras. Raii Syn. p. 384. Marsh Hellebore. In marshes and boggy grounds flowering in June. Plentifully in the moist closes between Woodhouse and Buddon Wood. Upon Charley Forest. MONOECIA. polyandria. CERATOPHYLLUM, Gen. Plant. No. 944. Ceratophyllum, Hort. Cliff. 446. Fl. Suec. 783. Sp. Plant. 992. β. Hydroceratophyllum folio lævi octo cornibus armato. Vaill. Raii Syn. 135. Horsetail Water Milfoil. In ditches and ponds, but not common with us. I have observed it about Loughborough, and always the variety with smooth leaves much divided. The Myriophyllum spicatum is much more common. **Poterium**, Gen. Plant. No. 948. Poterium inerme, caulibus subangulosis, Hort. Cliff. 446. Sp. Plant. p. 994. *Sanguisorba minor*, J. B. III. 2. 113. Raii Syn. p. 203. *Small Burnet.* On dry mountainous pastures, especially in a chalky soil; flowering in June. About Ruddington hills near Nottingham. Upon the banks of the Raw-dikes near Leicester. It is abundantly plentiful on all the heaths about Grantham, Ancaster, and Sleaford, in Lincolnshire. **DIOECIA** *diandria.* **Salix**, Gen. Plant. No. 976. Salix humilis latifolia et alpina repens, Park. 1432. Fig. 1433. bene. Salix alpina pumila rotundifolia repens inferne subcinerea, C. B. R. Syn. p. 448? An. *Dwarf broad-leaved creeping Willow.* Upon Charley Forest, about Beacon and Bardon hills, but not very plentifully. Among the Linnæan species, the Salix fusca. Sp. Plant. 1020. n°. 24. seems to answer the nearest to our plant; but as that species is omitted in the Flora Anglica; we could not with propriety adopt his synonym: The figure of the leaf is likewise better represented by Fig. r. Fl. Lapp. Tab. Tab. 8. than by any other. Haller's description of his Salix foliis laevibus, ovatis, spica rarissima, both in the Enum. Stirp. Helv. p. 154. and in the Iter Helveticum Opusc. Bot. p. 301, 302. answers tolerably to our plant. Sed omnes fere Salicum Species difficilime extricantur. POLYGAMIA monoecia. VALANTIA, Gen. Plant. No. 1019. Valantia floribus masculis quadrifidis, pedunculis diphyllis, Hort. Ups. 303. Sp. Plant. 1052. Galium foliis quaternis, flosculis in alis confertis. Hort. Cliff. 34. Hall. Helv. 462. Cruciata, Ger. 965. R. Syn. p. 223. Crosswort or Mugweed. About hedges and bushes flowering in May and June. This Plant, which I find is but rare in some parts of England; grows very common with us almost everywhere. CRYPTOGAMIA Filices. OPHIGLOSSUM, Gen. Plant. No. 1035. Ophioglossum fronde ovata, Fl. Suec. 839. Sp. Plant. p. 1062. Ophioglossum, J. B. III. 708. Raii Syn. p. 128. Hall. Helv. p. 131. Adder's Tongue. In moist woods, meadows, and pastures flowering in May. In and about Hallinghall wood near Loughborough and elsewhere, but not plentifully. OSMUNDA, Gen. Plant. No. 1036. Osmunda scapo caulino solitario, fronde pinnata solitaria. Fl. Suec. 842. Sp. Plant. 1064. Lunaria minor, Ger. 328. Raii Syn. p. 128. Barrel. Icon. 252. No. 3. bona. Moonwort. In the closes between Okely Wood and Whatton, near Loughborough. In the meadows near Swarston bridge. Found also near Harborough. Osmunda fronde bipinnata apice racemifera. Sp. Plant. 1065. Filix ramosa non dentata florida. C. B. p. 307. Raii Syn. 125. Water Fern or flowering Fern, or Osmund Royal. In moist woods, boggy grounds, and marshes, flowering in June and July. About Grace Dieu Abbey. Mr. Tomlinson. Osmunda frondibus lanceolatis pinnatifidis: laciniis confluentibus integerrimis parallelis. Sp. Plant. 1066. Struthiopteris. Hall. Helv. 132. Lonchitis aspera minor. C.B. p. 329. Raii Syn. 118. Rough Spleenwort. This elegant Plant is plentiful in the outwoods near Loughborough, and in Buddon wood, near Mountforrel. Asplenium, Gen. Plant. No. 1042. Asplenium frondibus pinnatis; pinnis subrotundis crenatis. Fl. Lap. 388. Hall. Helv. 135. Sp. Plant. p. 1080. a. Trichomanes sive Polytrichum Officinarum, C. B. 356. Raii Syn. 119. English black Maidenhair. Upon an old wall in Normanton Town, near Loughborough. b. Asplenium pinnis laciniatis. Hall. Helv. p. 136. Trichomanes foliis eleganter incisis. Tourn. Raii Syn. p. 120. I find a specimen of this variety among my dried plants, which I think was gathered upon the rocks on Beacon hill, in Charley Forest. It corresponds exactly to Pluknet's Icon. Phyt. Tab. 73. Fig. 6. The Adiantum nigrum Officinarum, J. B. R. Syn. 126, is pretty frequent with us in woods and shady lanes at the roots of trees about rocks and old stone walls: This species is frequently sold by the herb-gatherers for the Trichomanes abovementioned: the mistake however is of little consequence, as without doubt both species are nearly of the same quality. Polypodium, Gen. Plant. No. 1043. Polypodium fronde bipinnata: pinnis lunulatis dentatis, stipite strigofo. Roy. Lugd. 500. Dal. Par. 314. Sp. Plant. 1090. Filix mas non ramosa pinnulis latis auriculatis spinosis. Ger. em. 1130. R. Syn. 121. Pluk. Phyt. Tab. 179. Fig. 6. optime etiam Tab. 180. Fig. 3. In the outwoods, and in Hollinghall wood, near Loughborough and elsewhere, but not very common. Musci. England is noted above all other countries for producing a great variety of mosses; we have distinguished at least an hundred different species, which are all very common with us; but it would be inconsistent with our design to introduce many of them here: a few which are but rarely met with we shall mention. Bryum, Gen. Plant. No. 1057. Bryum antheris erectiusculis: operculo arcuato, foliis erectis imbricatis, furculis ramosis. Sp. Plant. 1118. Bryum trichoides, erectis capitulis, albidum fragile. C. Giff. 225. R. Syn. p. 97, 29. Hall. Helv. p. 114, 28. Vaillant Bot. Par. Tab. 26. Fig. 13. I have observed this moss upon Charley Forest amongst the Sphagnum palustre Linnæi, which is much more frequent. Jungermannia, Gen. Plant. No. 1059. Jungermannia acaulis fronde lineari: ramosa; extremitatibus furcatis obtusiussculis. Fl. Suec. 928. Sp. Plant. 1136. Ulva saxatilis, furcata, latiusculis et tenerioribus segmentis. R. Syn. 63. Hepatica Hepatica arborea globuligera Vaill. Par. 98. T. 23. F. 11. Marsilea minima Michel. N. Pl. Gen. p. 5. N. 4. Tab. 4. F. 4. Hall. Helv. p. 127. About the roots of trees among other mosses, but it is not plentiful with us. Anthoceros, Gen. Plant. No. 1065. Anthoceros frondibus indivisis sinuatis laevibus. Sp Plant. p. 1139. Anthoceros major Michel. N. Pl. Gen. p. 11. T. 7. F. 1. Hall. Helv. p. 127. Lichenastrum gramineo pediculo, et capitulo, oblongo, bifurco. R. Syn. p. 109. This I have found upon the banks of brooks, and ditches in several places, but it is not common. It is in heads in April. Lichen, Gen. Plant. No. 1065. Lichen foliaceus laciniatus obtusus glaber; supra lacunosus; subtus tomentosus. Fl. Suec. 960. Sp. Plant. p. 1145. Lichenoides peltatum arboreum maximum, C. Giff. 208. R. Syn. p 76. Lichen pulmonarius arboreus sive Pulmonaria arborea, J. B. Michel. N. Pl. G. p. 86. Ord. 15. Tab. 45; omnino. Hall. Helv. p. 73. 56. Lungwort, Oak Lungs. In Buddon wood about the roots of trees, and upon the rocks; but it is not so plentiful as many other species belonging to the Genus. The Lichen terrestris cinereus Raii, is very common on all our dry pastures. Lichen Lichen fruticulosus solidus tectus foliolis crustaceis. Fl. Suec. 982. Sp. Plant. 1153. Lichenoides non tubulosum cinereum ramosum totum crustaceum. R. Syn. 66. N°. 11. forte etiam N°. 12. ejusdem. Lichen cinereus fruticosus, &c. Michel. p. 78. Tab. 53. Fig. 5, 6. In many places upon Charley Forest, and in Buddon Wood particularly. Lichen fruticulosus solidus ramulis teretibus obtusis. Fl. Suec. 983. Sp. Plant. 1154? An. Lichenoides non tubulosum ramosissimum fruticuli specie rufo nigrescens. C. Giff. 202. Raii Syn. 66. Lichen terrestris augustior ramosissimus fuscus Vaill. Bot. Par. p. 115. Michel. p. 78. N°. 17. Hall. Helv. p. 70. Small brown Coralline Moss. Upon the highest rocks, on Beacon and Bardon hills, in Charley Forest. Lichen filamentosus ramosissimus decumbens implicatus opacus. Fl. Suec. 987. Sp. Pl. p. 1155. N°. 74? Muscus corallinus saxatilis fæniculaceus, M. P. 78. R. Syn. 65. N°. 7. forte etiam, N°. 3. ejusdem. Rock Hair. This continues to grow upon the rocks in Charley Forest, as intimated in the Synopsis, where it was first found: particularly upon the summit of the the highest rocks upon Beacon hill. Also upon the rocks near Thirskton. The Lichen hirtus, and floridus Linnæi are both found in our Woods. Several of the mosses belonging to this extensive Genus enter into economical and medicinal uses; in the latter province the Cup-moss and the Horned moss have been celebrated in inveterate coughs, especially the former in the chincough of Children; and Lungwort has been no less famous in Consumptions. The present practice, however, regards them but very little, except the ash-coloured ground Liverwort introduced into practice by Dr. Mead. Their economical uses are much more extensive: The orcella forms a branch of trade on account of its use in dying: but it is not the only species that is capable of being applied that way; there are others, which will tinge a purple and yellow colour: and it is to be wished that experiments were made with some of them for that purpose, as they are so plentifully found in our own nation. The common coralline moss is the principal food of the Rein-Deer, in winter, in the northern countries of Lapland, and even with this alone will they frequently become fat. We have hints of several other economical uses of this tribe of plants in the Flora Oeconomica, Amæn. Acad. Vol. I. taken from Linnæus's Itinera; which books we are deprived of the pleasure of reading on account of their being wrote in the Swedish tongue. Amidst the great variety of books much less useful and entertaining, it is greatly to be regretted that they are not likewise translated into a language more universally known. Tremella, Gen. Plant. No. 1067. Tremella plicata undulata. Fl. Suec. 1018. Sp. Plant. 1157. Ulva terrestris pinguis et fugax. Raii Syn. p. 64. Collema sinuosa fugax. Hill. Hist. Plant. p. 84. This is not very common with us, I have observed it after rain in the pastures, especially about hedges. Our country people call it Tar-slough and some of them, as it is principally seen after rain, suppose, as they do in Sweden, that it drops from the clouds. Ulva, Gen. Plant. No. 1067. Ulva tubulosa simplex, Fl. Lappon. 458. Sp. Plant. 1163. Ulva marina tubulosa intestinorum figuram referens. R. Syn. p. 62. Linkia palustris intestini forma tubulosa. Hall. Helv. p. 62. Very plentifully in the river Soar about Leicester and Loughborough. Fungi. Fungus. Michel. Nov. Plant. Gen. p. 133. Hall. Helv. p. 34. Amanita Dillen. Cat. Giffens. p. 177. Agarici stipitati Linnæi. Fungus piperatus albus lacteo succo turgens. J. B. R. Syn. p. 4. Hall. Helv. p. 34. Michel. p. 141. Pepper Mushroom. Plentifully Plentifully in the outwoods near Loughborough, and in Buddon Wood, near Mountforrel, where I have frequently seen them answering to the size and shape of Vaillant's variety, which he calls *Fungus lacteus maximus infundibuli forma*, Bot. Par. p. 61. № 8. *Fungus minimus totus albus, pileolo hemisphaerico utrique striato, lamellis rarioribus*, Michel. p. 166. № 3. Tab. 8o. Fig. 11. optime. Hall. Helv. p. 36. *Fungus parvus candidissimus, &c.* R. Syn. p. 9. № 46. etiam № 45. ex Dillen. This small elegant Fungus I have observed arising from the putrid leaves, in hedge bottoms and in woods. It is exactly represented by Micheli's Figure, and answers to Vaillant's and Haller's descriptionis. **Suillus.** Michel. Nov. Pl. Gen. p. 126. Hall. Helv. p. 29. Boleti stipitati Linnæi. *Suillus fulvus inferne ex flavo virescens.* Hall. Helv. p. 29. *Boletus bovinus,* Lin. Sp. Plant. 1177. *Fungus porosus crassus,* R. Syn. p. 11. Abundantly in the outwoods near Loughborough. Also in Buddon Wood, near Mountforrel. This is of the esculent kind: and Micheli tells us it is sold amongst others in the Italian markets. The cows will eat it; but it renders their milk very nauseous. Fl. Oeconom. Polyporus. Michel. Nov. Pl. Gen. p. 129. Hall. Helv. p. 25. Polyporus exiguus coriaceus albus lignis adnascens. Michel. p. 130. Tab. 70. Fig. 7. Boletus albicans, poris tenuissimis. Deering Cat. Nottingham. 86. This I found upon the stumps of trees; but it is not common with us. Dr. Deering communicated it to the late eminent Professor at Oxford, who returned it to him with the above name, as a non-descript. Hydnum, Gen. Pl. No. 1076. Erinaceus, Michel. Nov. Pl. Gen. p. 132. Hall. Helv. p. 31. Hydnum stipitatum pileo convexo imbricato. Fl. Lap. 523. Sp. Pl. p. 1178. Erinaceus esculentus albus crassus, Michel. 131. Tab. 72. Fig. 2. Hall. Helv. 31. Fungus paene candidus pronâ parte erinaceus, J.B. R. Syn. p. 11. This I have sometimes observed about Leicester; but it is very rare. Elvela, Gen. Pl. No. 1078. Fungoidis Ordo I. Michel. p. 204. Elvela pileo deflexo adnato lobato difformi, Fl. Suec. 1103. Sp. Pl. p. 1180. Fungoides fungiforme crispum laciniatum et varie complicatum, pediculo crasso striato rimoso ac fistuloso, Michel. 204. Tab. 86. Fig. 7. Boletus petiolo rugoso pileolo latissimo, Hall. Helv. p. 23. (1) Dr. Dillenius. Fungus terrestris pediculo striato et cavernoso capitello plicatili subtus plano, R. Syn. p. 39. N°. 23. This is not common with us. I observed it for three years successively on the grass walks at Burley Hall, near Loughborough. Æcidium, Hill. Hist. Plant. p. 64. Lichen agaricorum, Ordo II. Michel. p. 104. Hall. Helv. p. 90. Æcidium tuberosum reniforme, Hill. Hist. Pl. p. 64. Lichen agaricus crustaceus crassus, bovillum quasi renem representans niger, et veluti deustus, Michel. p. 104. Tab. 54. Fig. 1. Hall. Helv. p. 90. N°. 6. Found upon the old trees near Enderby, by John Lewin. I have also observed it upon the trees about Belton, near Loughborough. It is found also about Nottingham; and in its younger state is what Dr. Deering calls Agaricus niger globosus nonnihil compressus intus albissimus substantiae tenacis et ligamentosæ, Cat. Notting. p. 11. This I am convinced of from seeing some specimens of it in the Doctor's possession. Upon old ash trees about Winwick, Northamptonshire. Mr. Farmer. Æcidium, quod Lichen Agaricus bullatus parvus ex obscuero-nigricans, sub cute arborum exsiccatarum erumpens, Michel. p. 105. Tab. 54. Fig. 2. Hall. Helv. p. 91. This I have frequently observed upon rotten sticks in moist places. Agaricus, Dillen. Cat. Giff. p. 191. Ra. Syn. p. 21. Hall. Helv. p. 59. Agaricum, Michel. p. 117. Agaricus superne villosus et versicolor, inferne corrugatus et violaceus, Hall. Helv. 59. Agaricus mesentericus violacei coloris, Cat. Giff. 194. R. Syn. p. 22. Agaricum squamofum et lichenosum, &c. Michel. p. 124. N°. 5. Tab. 66. Fig. 4. Agaricus membranaceus sinuosus substantiae gelatinæ, Cat. Giff. p. 194. R. Syn. p. 21. Nostoc luteum mesenterii forma Vaill. Bot. Par. Tab. 14. Fig. 4. bene. Both these I have observed upon rotten wood; but they are not common. Clavaria, Michel. Nov. Pl. Gen. N°. 208. Hall. Helv. p. 14. Hill. Hist. Pl. p. 59. Clavaria lutea minima, Michel. p. 208. N°. 9. Tab. 87. Fig. 5. Fungoides clavatum minus, Cat. Giff. 189. Raii Syn. p. 14. Clavaria vermiculata fistulosa candida, Michel. p. 209. Tab. 87. Fig. 13. Hall. Helv. p. 14. Fungoides clavatum compressum summitatibus luteis Dr. Deering Cat. Nott. 75. These I have sometimes observed in our pastures; but they are not very common. Coralloides, Michel. Nov. Pl. Gen. p. 209. Hall. Helv. p. 14. Coralloides flava, ramis expansis obtusis. Hall. Helv. p. 15. Corallo. Corallo Fungus flavus, Vaill. Bot. Par. p. 41. Tab. 8 Fig. 4. bene. Fungus parvus luteus ramosus, Raii Syn. p. 16. In the pastures about Loughborough. Coralloides, quod Fungus ramosus minor, colore for- dide flavicante. Raii Syn. 16. In the pastures about Woodhouse, near Lough- borough. Xylaria, Hill. Hist. Pl. p. 62. Lichen-Agaricorum, Ordo I. Michel. p. 104. Hall. Helv. p. 89. Xylaria compressa extremitatibus divaricatis, Hill. Hist. Pl. p. 62. Clavaria ramosa cornuta compressa, Fl. Suec. 1105. Sp. Plant. 1182. Lichen-Agaricus nigricans ligno adnascens, ple- rumque multifidus et compressus ima parte vil- losus, suprema vero glaber albidus et pulveru- lentus. Michel. p. 104. Tab. 35. Fig. 1. optime. Hall. Helv. p. 89. Fungus ramosus niger compressus parvus, apici- bus albidis, R. Syn. 15. About rotten wood; especially the ash, not very uncommon. Dr. Haller supposes that the Fungus niger compressus varie divaricatus et implexus in- ter lignum et corticem, R. Syn. 15. No. 9. is only the root of the above Fungus spreading itself, in a reticulated manner, between the bark and the wood. We have frequently observed this reticu- lated Fungus about Leicester. It is exactly repre- sented by Micheli, Tab. 66. Fig. 3, who has brought it among the Agarics. Geaster. Geaster. Michel. Nov. Pl. Gen. p. 220. Hall. Helv. p. 13. Geaster medius, radiis plerumquem ultifidis, umbilico seu ore stellato, Michel. p. 220. Tab. 100. Fig. 5. Lycoperdon volva stellata, radiis multifidis, osculo stellato, Hill. Hist. Plant. p. 51. Geaster volvae radiis et operculo elevatis. D. Watson. Act. Phil. No. 474. Lycoperdon volva stellata radiis fissilibus. Hill. Hist. Pl. p. 52. Fungus pulverulentus Turriculam referens. D. Rand. Blacks. Specim. Botan. p. 24. Tab. 2. These two elegant Fungi were both found at Hathern, near Loughborough. Mr. Tomlinson. They were both observed for some years successively. CXII. A Letter from Mr. John Ellis, F.R.S. to Philip Carteret Webb, Esq; F.R.S. attempting to ascertain the Tree that yields the common Varnish used in China and Japan; to promote its Propagation in our American Colonies; and to set right some Mistakes Botanists appear to have entertained concerning it. Dear Sir, Read Nov. 25, 1756. As I had a favourable opportunity this summer, from my situation opposite to Mr. Christopher Gray's nursery garden at