Observationes Martis, Autumno Anni 1736. Berolini Habitae, a Christfr. Kirch, Regiae Societatis Ibidem Astronomo

VI. Observationes Martis, Autumno Anni 1736. Berolini habitæ, a Christfr. Kirch, Regiæ Societatis ibidem Astronomo. I. Conjunctio Martis & μ Ἡ. I. Diebus 10, 11 & 12 Octobris, cum ᵅ prope μ Ἡ, stellam 5 magnitudinis transfiget, sequentes observari distantias centri Martis a dicta stella. | Stylo novo | Temp. vero. | Partes Micro. | Valor p. Micr. | |------------|-------------|---------------|----------------| | | H. | | | | D. 10 Octobr. | 9. 41. vesp. | Tub. 7 ped. 48½ | 19. 24. | | | 9. 46. | Tub. 9 ped. 65 | 19. 21. | | D. 11 Octobr. | 10. 1. | Tub. 9 ped. 22½ | 6. 42. | | | 10. 4. | Tub. 7 ped. 16 | 6. 24. | | | 10. 9. | Tub. 7 ped. 16½ | 6. 36. | | | 10. 12. | Tub. 9 ped. 22 | 6. 33. | | D. 12 Octobr. | 8. 55. vesp. | Tub. 9 ped. 71½ | 21. 18. | | | 8. 59. | Tub. 7 ped. 53 | 21. 12. | | | 9. 5. | Tub. 7 ped. 53½ | 21. 24. | II. Ut ex his distantìs observatis eruere Tempus conjunctìonis Martis cum stella μ Ἡ, elegi 3 distantias sequentes. H. ' ' '' 1. D. 10. Octobr. 9. 43. vesp. dist. centri ᵅ a μ Ἡ {19. 22. 2. D. 11. Octobr. 10. 6. vesp. . . . 6. 34. 3. D. 12. Octobr. 9. 0. vesp. . . . 21. 18. E e e e 2 Et Et ex ephemeridibus supposui motum diurnum Martis in longitudine $19'30''$, in latitudine $3'40''$: est itaque motus diurnus Martis in orbita propria $19'51''$, & angulus orbitae Martis & eclipticae (seu potius cum parallelo eclipticae) $10°39'$. III. Datis in triangulo obliquangulo $a\mu b$, tribus lateribus, [vid. Fig. I. T A B. IV.] scilicet $a\mu$, motu Martis, qui competit $24h.23'$. (scilicet temporis inter observationem $1$ & $2$) . . . $20'10''$. $a\mu$, distantia primo observata . . . $19'22''$. $b\mu$, distantia secundo observata . . . $6'34''$. Duxi $a\mu$ perpendicularem in orbitam Martis apparentem $\mu\chi$, & in triangulo rectangulo $b\chi\mu$ quæsivi partículam orbitae Martis, $b\chi$, eamque inveni $1'51''$. & distantiam minimam $\delta\&\mu,\chi\mu$, quam inveni $6'18''$. Particulae orbitae Martis, $\chi b$, competunt $2h.14'$. Quæ subtrahita a tempore $2$ observationis D. $11.$ Octobr. . . . $10'6''$ vesp. Relinquit temp. ver. $\sigma\&\mu\chi$ in orbita D. $11.$ Octobr. . . . $7'52''$ vesp. IV. In triangulo obliquangulo $b\mu c$, motus Martis inter $2$ & $3$ observationem, $b c$, est . . . $18'55''$. Distantia $\delta$ a $\mu\chi$ secundo observata, $b\mu$ $6'34''$. Distantia $\delta$ a $\mu\chi$ tertio observata, $c\mu$ . . . $21'18''$. Datis his tribus lateribus quæsivi angulum $c$, eumque inveni $17°35'$. Deinde duxi perpendicularem $a\mu$ in orbitam Martis, $\mu\chi$, & in triangulo rectangulo $c\chi\mu$; data hypotenusa $c\mu$, quæsivi latera $\mu\chi$, & $c\chi$, & inveni $\mu\chi$, distantiam minimam $6'26''$. & $c\chi$, $20'18''$. A quo subtrahit latus $b c$ . . . . . . . $18'55''$. Relinquit $b\chi$ . . . . . . . . . . . $1'23''$. Cui competunt in tempore . . . 1h. 40'. Quae subtrahita a tempore observationis 11 Octobr. . . . 3 10 6. vesp. Dant tempus verum distantiae minimae, sive conjunctionis Martis & μ χ in orbita 11 Octobr. . . . 8 26. vesp. V. Deducta in his duobus proxime antecedentibus paragraphis, ut fieri solet, paululum inter se differunt. Si motum Martis diurnum quadrante circiter minuti minorem assumisset, discrepantia foret minor. Interim, si ex deductionibus utriique medium eligo, a veritate vix aut parum aberrare potero. Et sic colligitur tempus verum σ ψ μ χ in orbita Martis, 11 Oct. 8h. 9'. distantiæ minima σ a μ χ 6' 22''. Septentrionalis. VI. Quamvis haec sufficere mihi potuissent; tamen de novo calculum institui, supponens motum σ diurnum in longitudine . . . . . . 19' 15''. in latitudine . . . . . . 3 40. Fuit itaque motus σ diurnus in orbita . . . 19 36. Et angulus orbitæ Martis cum parallelo eclipticæ 10° 47' intervalla temporum inter observationem r & 2, & inter 2 & 3, dato hoc motu Martis diurno in orbita 19' 36'', dant ab 19' 55'', & bc 18' 42''; distantiae a μ, b μ, & c μ, manent eadem, quae in superioribus calculis. His datis primo per triangulum a b μ, inveni μ χ 6' 22'', & b χ 1' 37'' ½. Quibus respondent . . . . . . 1h. 59'. quae subtrahita a D. 11 Octobr. 10 6. vesp. Relinquunt tempus distantiae minimae D. 11 Octobr. . . . . . . 8 7. vesp. Deinde per triangulum b c μ, inveni μ χ 6' 21''. Et Et \( b \chi 1' 38'' \), quibus respondent in tempore \( 2^h 0' \). Quae subtracta a temp. 2 observationis D. 11 Octobr. \( 10^o 6' \) vesper. Relinquunt tempus distantiae minimae \( 8^o 6' \) vesper. D. 11 Octobr. Ut itaque hi calculi optime inter se, & cum supra electo medio priorum calculorum, conveniant. VII. Si ex \( \mu \) ducitur linea recta \( \mu d \), qua cum linea \( \chi \mu \), perpendiculari in orbitam Martis, ad \( \mu \) faciat angulum aequalem angulo orbitae Martis cum parallelo eclipticæ, \( d \mu \) erit perpendicularis in eclipticam. Hunc angulum primo deduxi \( 10^o 39' \) (§. II.) deinde mutato sive corrieto motu diurno Martis, cum inveni \( 10^o 47' \) (§. VI.) In triangulo rectangulo \( d \chi \mu \), jam praeter angulos notum est latus \( \chi \mu 6' 22'' \), & reliqua latera quaeruntur. Assumto angulo \( \chi \mu d \), \( 10^o 39' \) latus \( \chi d \) eruitur \( 1' 12'' \). Si vero corrietoorem angulum adhibeo \( 10^o 47' \), illud latus \( \chi d \) erit \( 1' 13'' \). Cui competunt in tempore \( 1^h 29' \). Quae addita ad tempus distantiae minimae \( 8^o 7' \) dant tempus verum \( \sigma \delta \& \mu \kappa \) in ecliptica 11 Octobr. \( 9^o 36' \). \( d \mu \), sive differentia latitudinis Martis a latitudine stellæ in \( \sigma \) in ecliptica, eruitur \( 6' 29'' \). Quae subtracta a latitudine stellæ \( 3^o 4' 25'' \) Mer. Relinquit Latitudinem Martis \( 2^o 57' 56'' \) Mer. Longitudo Martis est aequalis longitudini stellæ, scilicet ex accuratisimo stellarum inerrantium catalogo Britannico \( 19^o 25' 40'' \). VIII. VIII. Ad tempus conjunctionis Martis & μ Ψ in ecliptica, scilicet Berolini, tem. vero. 11 Oct. 9h. 36''. Et Bononiae tempore medio . . . 11 Oct. 9 14. Ex ephemeridibus Cel. Manfredii eruitur longitudo Martis r. 19° 14' 40''. Quae deficit ab observatione 11 0. Ephemerides Ghislerii dant longit. δ ψ. 19° 4' — 22 fere minutis ab observatione deficientem, & ephemer. Dni.Desplaces Observationi satis congruam. Manfredianae ephemerides dant latitudinem Martis meridionalem 2° 57'.— Id est; 1 minuto fere minorem latitudine observata; ex ephemeridibus Ghislerianis illa colligitur 2° 57'½. & ex Desplaces ephemeribus 2° 59'½. II. Locus Martis in oppositione Solis. I. Tempore conjunctionis Martis & μ Ψ in ecliptica, ex Manfredianis ephemeribus eruitur locus Solis 6 = 18° 46' 21''. Quo tempore longitudo Martis fuit o ψ 19 25 40. Itaque δ fere fuit in oppositione Solis, & tantum 39' 19''. absuit a loco Soli opposito. Motus diurnus Solis fuit 0° 59' 34''. Et Martis retrogradi motus diurn.in eclipt. 19 15. Summa dat motum ⊙ a δ diurnum 1 18 49. II. Ut 1° 18' 49''. motus diurnus ⊙ a δ, ad 24 horas, ita 39' 19'' distantia δ ab oppposito Solis ad 11h 58''. Quae addita ad tempus verum δ δ μ Ψ in eclipticâ 11 Octobr. 9 36. Dant Dant tempus oppositionis Martis & Solis Berolini, tempore vero 11 Oct. 21h 34'. Æquatio temporis subtrahatur 13 1/2. Et restabit tempus medium Berolini 11 Oct. 21 20 1/2. Pro differentia meridianorum inter Bononiæ & Berolinum subtrahe 8 1/2. Restat tempus medium Bononiæ 11 Oct. 21 12. III. Ut 24 horæ ad 19' 15'' motum diurnum Martis in longitudine, ita 11h. 58'. tempus inter δ & μ in ecliptica & oppositionem ο & δ, ad 0° 9' 36''. Quæ subtracta a Long. δ in δ & μ ο γ 19 25 40. Relinquunt Longitud. δ in δ ο γ 19 16 4. Locus Solis ex ephemeridibus Manfredianis D. 11. Oct. 21h. 12'. tempus medium Bononiæ eruitur 6 = 19 16 3. Differentia tantum unius minuti secundi (praeter semicirculum) a loco Martis, quæ tuto negligitur. VI. Ut 24 horæ ad 3' 40'', motum diurnum Martis in latitudine, ita 11h. 58' ad 0° 1' 50''. Quæ subtracta a Latitudine Martis In conjunctione δ & μ in ecliptica 2 57 56 Mer. Relinquunt Latitudinem δ in δ ο 2 56 6 Mer. III. Observationes Martis circa stationem ejus secundam, mensæ Novembri, ann. 1736. Versabatur Mars inter stellas ε, ε & ξ Piscium, aliasque stellas minores; a quibus distantias Martis sæpius dimensus sum, tribus diversis tubis, scilicet tubo 7, tubo 9, & tubo 2 pedum, semel etiam tubo 18 pedum. Per tubos longiores distantiae accuratiores capi possunt: quia vero spatium non adeo magnum simul comprehendunt, minores tantum distantias per ipsos ipsos dimetiri potui. Per tubum 2 pedum maiores quidem distantiae observari potuerunt; illae tamen non adeo accuratae esse solent, quin aliquando dubium vel 2 minutorum irrepere possit, praesertim si distantiae nimis magnae sunt, ut capacitate tubi fere expleant. Tales errores maxime se produnt, quando fitus stellarum in chartam delineatur, & distantiae planetae a diversis stellis, non in uno puncto, se intersecant. Excerpta stellas, a quibus Martem dimensus sum, ex catalogo Britannico, & per distantias Martis ab his stellis, locum planetae ope circini indagavi. Primo enarrabo distantias captas; deinde exhibebo loca Martis per illas eruta. Ubi notandum est, me delineatione usum fuisse, in qua magnitudines graduum, & distantiae stellarum, duplæ fuerunt carum, quasschema adjectum exhibet. [Vid. Fig. 2. TAB. IV.] | Stylo novo | Temp. vero vesperi | Tub. 7 ped. | Tub. 9 ped. | Tub. 7 ped. | Tub. 9 ped. | |------------|-------------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------| | D. 27 Oct. | 8. 58. | 121. | | | | | D. 29 Oct. | 8. 30. | 6. | 24. | | | | | 8. 38. | 83. | 24. | | | | D. 1 Nov. | II. 6. | 38. | | | | | | II. 10. | 28. | | | | | D. 5 Nov. | 7. 22. | 34½. | | | | | | 7. 26. | 100½. | | | | | | 8. 14. | 105. | | | | | | 8. 21. | 44. | | | | | D. 6 Nov. | 7. 28. | 17. | | | | | | 7. 34. | 116. | | | | | | 7. 40. | 110. | | | | | | vel. | 110½. | | | | | | 7. 44. | 23½. | | | | Valor parium Microm. | Tub. 7 ped. | Tub. 9 ped. | |-------------|-------------| | 6. | 24. | | 83. | 24. | | 38. | | | 28. | | | 34½. | | | 100½. | | | 105. | | | 44. | | | 17. | | | 116. | | | 110. | | | 110½. | | | 23½. | | Ffff | Stylo novo | Temp. vero vesperi | Tub. ped. | Partes Micro. | Valor parium Microm. | |------------|-------------------|-----------|---------------|---------------------| | D. 7 Nov. | 6. 4. | Tub. 18 | 16. | 2. 17. | | | 7. 47. | Tub. 7 | 5½. | 2. 12. | | | 7. 50. | | 129. | 51. 36. | | | 7. 53. | | 118. | 47. 12. | | D. 12 Nov. | 9. 19. | Tub. 7 | 52. | 0. 20. 48. | | | 9. 27. | | 172. | 1. 8. 48. | | | 9. 38. | | 165. | 1. 6. 0. | | D. 13 Nov. | 7. 32. | Tub. 9 | 77. | 0. 22. 56. | | | 7. 36. | Tub. 7 | 58. | 0. 23. 12. | | | 7. 40. | | 175. | 1. 10. 0. | | | 7. 44. | | 171. | 1. 8. 24. | | D. 15 Nov. | 7. 2. | Tub. 7 | 72. | 0. 28. 48. | | | 7. 9. | | 179. | 1. 11. 36. | | | 7. 13. | | 186½. | 1. 14. 36. | | | 7. 18. | | 96. | 0. 28. 35. | | D. 26 Nov. | 6. 11. | Tub. 9 | 91. | 1. 22. 6. | | | | | 106. | 1. 35. 38. | | | | | 94. | 1. 24. 48. | | | | | 143. | 2. 9. 2. | | | | | 113. | 1. 41. 57. | | | | | 92. | 1. 23. 0. | | | | | 103. | 1. 32. 55. | | D. 28 Nov. | 6. 32. | Tub. 2 | 104. | 1. 33. 50. | | | 6. 43. | | 82. | 1. 13. 59. | | | 6. 46. | | 103. | 1. 32. 55. | | | 9. 34. | | 105. | 1. 34. 44. | | | 9. 37. | | 82. | 1. 13. 59. | | | 9. 41. | | 81. | 1. 13. 5. | | D. 3 Dec. | 9. 41. | Tub. 2 | 160. | 2. 24. 23. | | | 9. 52. | | 157. | 2. 21. 40. | | | 10. 1. | Tub. 7 | 56. | 0. 22. 24. | | | | | 75½. | 22. 29. | | | | | 76. | 22. 38. | | D. 6 Dec. | 5. 33. | Tub. 2 | 201. | 3. 1. 22. | | | 5. 39. | | 204. | 3. 4. 4. | | | 5. 44. | | 50. | 0. 45. 8. | | | 5. 57. | | 113½. | 0. 45. 24. | | | | | 153. | 0. 45. 34. | Hæ Hæ distantiæ semper a centro Martis intelligendæ sunt, praesertim per tubos longiores. Sequuntur loca Martis, ex distantiis recensitis deducta, & loca ejusdem ex diversis ephemeridibus excerpta, ut consensus sive dissensus appareat inter calculos & observationem. | Stylo novo | T. ver. vesperi. | Longitudo Martis. | Latitudo Martis. | |------------|-----------------|--------------------|------------------| | D. 5 Nov. | 8. 18. | | | | | | Observatio Manfredii. | | | | | Ghislerii. | | | | | Deplaces. | | | D. 6 Nov. | 7. 26. | | | | | | Observatio Manfredii. | | | | | Ghislerii. | | | | | Deplaces. | | | D. 7 Nov. | 7. 50. | | | | | | Observatio Manfredii. | | | | | Ghislerii. | | | | | Deplaces. | | | D. 12 Nov. | 9. 28. | | | | | | Observatio Manfredii. | | | | | Ghislerii. | | | | | Deplaces. | | | D. 13 Nov. | 7. 38. | | | | | | Observatio Manfredii. | | | | | Ghislerii. | | | | | Deplaces. | | | D. 15 Nov. | 7. 12. | | | | | | Observatio Manfredii. | | | | | Ghislerii. | | | | | Deplaces. | | | D. 26 Nov. | 6. 20. | | | | | | Observatio Manfredii. | | | | | Ghislerii. | | | | | Deplaces. | | F f f f 2 Stylo | Stylo novo | T. ver. vesperi | Longitudo Martis | Latitudo Martis | |------------|----------------|------------------|-----------------| | D. 28 Nov. | 9. 35. | 14. 57. | 3. 30. M. | | | | 14. 49. | 4. — M. | | | | 14. 59. | 7. — M. | | | | 14. 57. 30. | 5. — M. | | D. 3 Dec. | 9. 48. | 16. 1. | 6. 30. S. | | | | 15. 57. | 7. 40. S. | | | | 16. 3. | 5. — S. | | | | 16. 2. | 7. — S. | | D. 6 Dec. | 5. 46. | 16. 46. | 16. — S. | | | | 16. 40. 30. | 13. 30. | | | | 16. 47. 30. | 10. 30. | | | | 16. 50. 33. | 13. 30. S. | Duobus ultimis diebus, scilicet 3. & praesertim 6 Decembris, loca Martis, ex observatione deducta, sunt incerta: Illa itaque, si cui ita visum fuerit, plane omitti possint. Loca stellarum fixarum in schemate adjecto, ex catalogo Britannico ad initium anni 1690. sine ulla reductione excerpta sunt: quare longitudinibus Martis, quas figura nobis exhibuit, 39° 0′, vel 39° 5″, addenda fuerunt, pro motu stellarum fixarum in 46 annis, & 10 vel 11 circiter mensibus. Omissae sunt supra observationes diei 9 Novembr. quas hic adjiciam, cum loco Martis ex illis deducto. | Stylo novo | Temp. vero vesperi | Partes Micro. | Valor partium Microm. | |------------|--------------------|---------------|----------------------| | D. 9 Nov. | | | | | 9. 28. | 3 a. | Tub. 7 ped. | 25. | | 9. 30. | 3 e ✡ | | 152. | | 9. 34. | 3 c. | | 136. | | 9. 41. | 3 a. | Tub. 9 ped. | 32 1⁄2. | VII. A Collection of the Observations of the Remarkable Red Lights seen in the Air on Dec. 5. 1737. sent from different Places to the Royal Society. 1. An Account of the Red Lights, on Dec. 5. 1737. as observed (at Naples) by the Prince of Cassano, F. R. S. and by him sent in a Letter to the President: Translated from the Italian by T. S. M.D. F. R. S. A Phenomenon of a fiery Meteor is my Motive for troubling you, Sir, with this other short Narrative; being persuaded that it will be as agreeable to you to peruse, as it was to me to draw it up with all the Circumstances of Truth, to which I was an Eye-witness. Dec. 16. 1737. (N.S.) in the Evening, the Sun being about 25 Degrees below the Horizon, a Light was observed in the North, as if the Air was on Fire, and flashing; the Intensity of which gradually increasing, at the Third Hour of the Night it spread Westward in such a Manner, that if a Perpendicular was let fall from the Polar Star, and afterwards a Pa-