An Account of a New Engine for Raising Water, in Which Horses or Other Animals Draw without Any Loss of Power (Which Has Never Yet Been Practised) and How the Strokes of the Pistons May Be Made of Any Length, to Prevent the Loss of Water, by the Too Frequent Opening of Valves, with Many Other Advantages Altogether New; the Model of Which Was Shewn to the Royal Society on the 28th of November, by Walter Churchman, the Inventor of It

A Perspective View aaaa. Is the great Frame, the ends of which under the Pine Apples are to be contrived to the place of the little Frame, so that the Grob piece at III may support its bearings now shown in the little one, for a better view only. bb. The little frame on w. the lap Brases are n. receive the turn'd T Judgeons in the Horizontal Shafts. cc. The Strong Supporters by the loose Wallowers. dd. The loose Wallower, whose turn'd rounds gear truly with Loggs in y great Wheel. eee. The Regulator n. has a Circular, direct, and retrograde Motion; see this in the Margins at Fig. 285. ff. The Strong Shoulder or Stud fixed to the Shaft close by y Wallower, which stops this loose Wallower when it end of y regulator comes against it, thereby confining it for 2 Revolutions after which it quits this Stud & does the same on the opposite side of the Wheel, &c. on Alternately, to reverse y Motion of the Stems in the different Cylinders. gg. The Wheels, with their Loggs, which Alternately work y fixed Wallower lying between them. h. The fixed Wallower supposed to be of four Feet in Diameter on a very short Shaft whose rounds must be of Cast Iron, & truly turn'd to elevate & depress the Packs to y Height of 24 Feet by its 2 Revolutions. iii. The 4 lifters or forces behind each of n. must be a small leverage back Wheel, truly fitted to direct the same to rise and fall easily & exactly perpendicular, to avoid friction & loss of Water in y cylinders. Engine for raising Water. PP. Two small side leverages—whats exactly fitted to y turned part of y great gudgeon between y collar & shoulder; they are to be so placed & fixed, that their friction from y gudgeon may be alike when at work. QQ. The steps which the Horses feet press about 8 or 9 inches broad, 2 inches thick behind & declining to an edge being designed to make level ground & good footing for their hinder legs when they draw. II. 4 Horses only in view to avoid confusion, all drawing horizontally in a straight line, & at right angles whereby these useful animals will soon be taught a new & pleasant way of working to themselves, a more advantageous one to their Masters, & of greater utility to the publick, see my observations on y advantages of this Engine above others in Philos.Transac.N. 434. The fastening places behind y Horses supposed to be strong arms below in y supporters & across bar above, at both of y, you may place small sleeves or rollers, y upper part of them to be level with each Horse's breast (when drawing) & the rope or strap thrown over y same, in order to keep a weight suspended of 1300 more or less one or two inches from a Plank. By this Method you will be exactly inform'd of y strength of each Horse, how long it continues & when to relieve him, as also when justly to correct y slothful one, whose weight resting on y Plank will always discover his laziness. The fastening places before being designed to direct their heads. The Dome merely for Ornament in y place of it erect a Work loft over y horizontal Windmill or y lower end of its upright shaft. The wheels, with their legs, which alternately work fixed wallowers lying between them. The fixed wallower supposed to be four feet in diameter on a very short shaft whose rounds must be cast soft iron, truly turned to elevate & depress the stacks to height of 24 feet by its 2 revolutions. The 4 lifters or forces behind each of w. must be a small leverage back wheel, truly fitted to direct the same to rise and fall easily & exactly perpendicular, to avoid friction & loss of water in cylinders. The large vertical wheel, a small segment of which comes through the floor in dome for 4 horses to stand & draw on. The arms & main shaft of the same. The turned T gudgeon, with its collar & shoulder, both of w. must clasp & rim of the under leverage wheel, to keep all firm & steady when in working. The leverage wheel of about 4 feet in diameter, with a brass or iron rim supposed to be truly turned, and to have a strong short iron spindle through its center, at each end, a turned steel collar & shoulder bearing on 2 cast cap brases exactly level, sunk into a strong arch piece of timber well braced and supported for this purpose. NB. A single shaft with the loose and fixed wallowers lifting or forcing at either of its ends, or at both together purposes. Vid. Fig. 3 in the Margin. The... and as it will work pleasantly any number of Racks for denominations already in use. It also serves for small which is work'd by the Stud in the main Shaft's. These Prints may be had at my Chocolate Warehouses in St. Paul's Church Yard London and in Broad Mead Bristol. dem in frusta confractum & auctionis lege venditum fuit, ita ut permulti eorum, qui adhuc in vivis sunt, hujus rei oculati testes esse possint, & per conse- quens nemo de hac circumstantia, quod satis mag- na frusta Ambræ reperiantur, dubitare debeat; hac occasione semel adhuc quæro, qua ratione Ameri- cani Domini referentes cum sua cytside hic con- venient, si de tam ingentibus Ambræ gryseæ frustis auditu vel lectu quicquam percipiunt? Continuabitur hæc Dissertatio in N° seq. II. An Account of a new Engine for raising Water, in which Horses or other Animals draw without any loss of Power (which has ne- ver yet been practised) and how the Strokes of the Pistons may be made of any Length, to prevent the loss of Water, by the too frequent opening of Valves, with many other Advan- tages altogether new; the Model of which was shewn to the Royal Society on the 28th of November, by Walter Churchman, the Inventor of it. The Description of this Engine is given on the Sides of the Plate, where the Engine itself is likewise delineated. Vide T A B. T H E Animals all draw horizontally, and in a streight Line, and at right Angles, whereby they exert their utmost Force. — By these Advan- tages tages a far greater Power is gain'd from the Strength of Horses, &c. than by their going round in a Circle; for by the Twist and Acuteness of the Angles, they draw in towards the Centre, whereby they waste their Power, and also shorten their Levers: Besides, their Muscles and Tendons from their hinder Legs all along their Sides to their Necks are unequally strain'd, as the Duty is hardest on one Side, even tho' their Walk is large. Therefore each of those Inconveniencies must be attended with Pain to the Animals when at Work, and a great Loss of their Strength. 2dly, A Crank does not rise quite one third of its Circle, neither do the Regulators or Rods rise or fall perpendicular, but obliquely, by which an oval Figure is made by the Piston's Motion in every Cylinder, which occasions great Friction and a loss of Water, and every Arm of it is continually varying in its Power whilst working, as its Lever is distant from the perpendicular Line, and two of the Arms (supposing it a quadruple one) as they cross the Perpendicular are always drawing to, and from their own Centre, by which the Power is not only lost, but the Time also; and farther yet, by the shortness of the Strokes, all the adjacent Water is frequently contrarily moved, and by the often opening and shutting of the Valves, there is also a great Waste of the Water, besides the many heavy Bearings, Frictions, Surges, and Repairs belonging to it; all which Inconveniencies and Impediment being thoroughly considered, there must certainly be required a much greater Power to work the same than by my Method. For, hereby, a Stroke Stroke of 24 Feet will rise, and by enlarging or diminishing the fix'd Wallower, you obtain a Stroke of any required Height, even to the extent of the Atmosphere's Pressure. By this great Advantage, the Water rises freer, and with greater Velocity, and as the Lifters or Forcers rise and fall exactly perpendicular, and with an equal continued Strain, and as the Bearings also are fewer and lighter, consequently the Friction in all these will be a great deal less than with the Crank, &c. And, Lastly, Seven Eights of that Water which is always lost by the slow opening and shutting of the Valves will be saved. From the above Considerations, and by the many Experiments I have made on this Occasion, in order to know the real Difference between these different ways of Working, I find, that near twice the Quantity of Water will be raised to the same Height, in the same Time, with the same Power, by my Method, more than with the best Crank-work that has ever been yet erected.