The Eighth Book of East India Plants, Sent from Fort St George to Mr James Petiver Apothecary, and F. R. S. with His Remarks on Them

I. The Eighth Book of East IN DIA Plants, Sent from Fort St George to Mr James Petiver Apothecary, and F. R. S. with his Remarks on them. 1. Fungus MADRASPATANUS, porosi vulgaris facie. This Mushroom is reddish above, sprinkled with black oval Specks like Ink-blots, underneath it's whitish, and the pores very fine. 2. Lichen Madraspat. Algoides &c., Gazophyl. nost. NAT. & ART. Tab. xi. Fig. 1. 3. Stratiotes quadrifolia Lujula facie Gazoph. NAT. Tab. 5. Fig. 12. Where you may see its several Synonyms; &c. This may be an aquatrick Fern, the young shoots of the Leaves being hoary and rusty like them; I have specimens of it a span and half long, it creeps and often takes root at every joint, which are about an inch distant from one another, the Roots are fibrous and generally full of Sand, the Leaves from thence being of several growths and magnitudes. 4. Asarina Malabarica fol. serrato. Asarina minor Zeylanica Par Bat. prodr. 315. Cochlearia Luzon.sylvestris Camel. Not. Ms. in Hort. Malab. Hydrocotyle Zeylanica Asari folio Institut. Rei Herbar. 828. 2. Ranunculo adsinis umbelliferis accedens Chelidonij minoris folio Zeylanica minor Pluk. Tab. 106. Fig. 5. Alm. Bot. 314. pl.9. Vale- Valerianella Zeylanica palustris repens. Hedera terrestris folio, ad radicem florida Parad. Bat. 238. Fig. Codagen Malab. Ecapani vel Undiri Bram. Hort. Malab. Vol. x Tab. 46. p. 91. Taquebohol Luzonensis. This differs from our Cotyledon aquatica, Marsh Penymort, or white Root, in having serrated Leaves, and those not umbilicated. 5. Lycopodium Malabaricum folijs crispis. Muscus fruticosceens caulibus & ramulis foliosis capillari- bus undique cinctis Ray Hist. Plant. Vol. 3, lib. 2. p. 31. 2. Muscos squamosus f. Lycopodium Americanum altissimum Plumier. Inst. R. H. 554: 10. Muscos Zeylan. terrestris clavatus erectus. Badal wanaissa Zeyl. Herman. Hist. pl. Oxon. p. 624. 6. Tab. 5. Sect. 15. Ser. 1. pl. 3. Ray. H. Pl. v. 3. p. 33. Bellan Patsja H. Mal. V. 12. p. 73. Tab. 39. pro 40. per Errorem Moni aw Herb. nost. Chin. pict. Tab. 3. Fi3. 2. I have received this from Fort St George and China. Monsieur Vaillant Secretary to Dr Fagon, the French King's chief Physician, hath also sent it me collected by that Curious and Acurate Botanist Pere Plumier. 6. Phyllitis ramosa Madraspat. margine seminifera, venis reticulatis. These pinnae or Leaves stand on short footstalks, generally op- posite and terminare single, each Leaf in shape resembles Harts- tongue, but is less, and very thin and limber, its Veins knit one into another, the edges are lifted with Seed. 7. Phyllitis ramosa Madraspat. Salicis folio venis parallelis. The pinnae resemble the Leaves of Willow, are very sharp pointed, stiff, and notched with prickles, I have not yet observed its Seed, but believe it to be along the edges. 8. Phyllitis ramosa Malabarica marginibus albis. Filix repens scandensve, folijs longis integris, serratis, nervosis alternatim scapo adnascentibus Ray Vol 3. l. 3. p. 76. Phyllitis Luzon. scandens Camel. Not. in H. Malab. Panna Valli H. Mal. V. 12. Tab. 35. p. 69. Panay pay Luzon. This differs from the last in having thinner Leaves, with notches finer and thicker set, and what is most peculiar to them is they are white, on this part I suppose is to lye the Seed, because I generally observe the Notch-Leaved Ferns to be margine pulverulento. 9. Lonchitis Madraspat. Polypodij facie. an Filix minor Polypodij folijs surculosis, pinnis oblongis per margines crenatis Ray V. 3. l. 3. p. 58? The Wings stand alternately, and are above 1 Inch long, and ½ broad, finely serrated, and only upper ear'd, i.e. a single auricle on the upper part of each Leaf, like that in Dr Plukenet's Phytographia Tab. 30. Fig. 4. but not so large. I have not yet seen its Seed. 10. Lonchitis Madraspat. longifolius, marginibus maculatis. These pinnae stand close together, and very near opposite, near 3 Inches long, and ½ Inch broad, they are sharp, notch towards the point, the rest lightly waved, each Wing at setting on, hath a little upper ear. 11. Filix Madraspat. pyramidalis circa nervum maculata: an Filix non ramosa Indica pinnulis obtusis non crenatis Ray Vol. 3. L. 3. p. 80? an Kari welli panna maravara Mal. Maa Panaa Bram. Groote wild Panna Belg. H. Mal. V. 12. Tab. 17. p. 35. This is not Dr Plukenet's Tab. 179. Fig. 2. as he queries in his Alm. Bot. 151. pl. 9. The Leaves of this are not eared like the last, each ends long pointed, and the Steeple or upper pinnae resemble our common Lonchitis. 12. Filix pyramidalis Madraspat. pinnis longissimo mucrone terminantibus, marginibus semeniferis. Lonchitis India Orientalis, pinnis crebris prælongis angustis serratis in longissimos & tenuissimos mucrones productis Ray V. 3. p. 68. 13. This This is distinguished from all others by its very long tips, selvaged with Seed in streaks. 13. *Felix scandens Malab.* pinnis integris alternatim sitis. *Felix scandens Indica,* ramulis ex adverso binis, foliis alternatim sitis, oblongis, angustis cuspidatis Ray V. 3. l. 3. p. 90. The top Leaf is often fork'd, the rest single. I have received it not only from Fort St George, but also from the Grain and Gold Coasts of Guiney. 14. The Mal: Bangue. Bange Clus. Exot 238. c. 25. & 290. c. 54. Fragos. 58. c. 26. Bangue arbor Cannabi similis ad omnia fere utilis seu Amson (s. Opium) Linschot Ind. Or. pt. 4, c. 35. Bangue Cannabi simile I. B. Vol. 3. l. 30. p. 449. c. 71. Cannabi similis exotica C. B. 320. 4. C. B. phyt. 640. 3. *Cannabis minor Bangue Indorum Par. Bat. Cat. Pl. nond. Fig.* *Cannabis minor & lignosior Bangue dict. Ray. V. 3. p. 104.* *Cannabis peregrina, gemmis Fructuum longioribus, Bangue dicta H. Ox. Sect. XI. p. 433. 2.* Kalengi. Canisava Malab. Bangi Bram: H Mal. V. 10. Tab. 60. p. 119. Maglimba s. Bangue Caffrorum, Axis Arabius, Asarath Turcis, Bangue Persis, Decanensisbus, &c. This very much resembles our Common Hemp. The Hort. Malab. says this sort is much stronger than the next. 15. The Female Bangue. Bangue Malabar. trifoliata. Bangue Durant. 62. Fig. Lugd. 1914. c. 142. Fig. Park. 1624. c. 82. Fig. The Icons of these 3 Authors express the Leaves for the most part trifid, some few towards the top single. *Cannabis Indica trifoliata s. Bangue Indorum Alm. Bot. 80. pl. 6 lin. 16.* Tsjeru Cansjava Mal. Tsjada Bangi Bram. H. Mal. V. 10. Tab. 61. p. 121. This is distinguished from the last in having generally but three leaves: 16. Urticae majoris facie Planta Madraspatana. The Leaves, which are all at present I have yet seen, very much resemble the Ana Schorigenam H. Mal. V. 2.T. 41. p. 77. 17. Mercurialis Madraspat. acetabulis & folijs majoribus, serratis. an Cupameni H. Mal. V. 10. Tab. 81. p. 161. This is much larger in all its parts than the next, and its acetabule or leaves involucrums more serrated. Mr Charles du Bois was pleased to favour me with a specimen of this A.D. 1698. gathered at Fort St David, by Mr Alex. Brown, Surgeon. 18. Mercurialis Madraspat. acetabulata, fol. rotundo minore. an Mercurialis Zeylanica tricocos cum acetabulis Kupamenija Zeylan. H. Leyd. app. 687. Fig? This differs from the last in being much lesser, and having rounder and smaller leaves, slightly notched, which agrees with Dr Herman's Figure. 19. Mercurialis Madraspat. fol. acutiore, caule piloso. an Welia Cupameni H. Mal. V. 10. Tab. 83. p. 165. The Leaves of this are more pointed than the last, and the Stalks only (not the pedicles of the Leaves) are hoary, as the others are smooth: These spikes when they have lost their Seed, show a small leafy involucrum, which till then is not perceived. 20. Lappula Malabarica major. Xanthium Malab. capitulis lanuginosis Mus. Petiver. 99. A&. Phil. No. 21. Lappula Madraspat. minor. an Pupal Valli H. Mal. V. 7. Tab. 43. p. 81? This differs from the last in being less, its leaves more pointed and smooth like Marvel of Peru. The following are Ricini, with whole or but serrated leaves. 12. Ricinus Madraspatanus Heliotropij triccoci facie. This seems to differ very little from the common Turnsole, which grows frequently about Mompelier. The Seed is cover'd with a whitish skin, except on two sides it appears black as if rubb'd off. 23. Ricinus Madraspatanus Mercurialis facie. 24. Ricinus Malabaricus spinosus Phyllitidis folio. Cynoglosum arborescens Luzon. Camel Not. in Ms.H. Mal. Euphorbia & Tithymal. media affinis aizoides Indic. arboresc. spinosa, Nerij folio Brey. Pr. 2. p. 45. pl. 3. Tithymalus Indicus arborescens spinosus Nerij folio Hort. Amft. Fol. 25 Tab. 13. Tithymalus arborescens spinosus Zeylanicus fol. Laurinis Par. Bat. Cat. Pl. nond. Fig. 13. Zeylanicus spinosus arborescens P. Bat. pr. & append. Pluk. Tab. 230. Fig. 4. Ela calli Malab. Nivuli H. Bram.Mal. V. 2. Tab. 43. p. 83. Talinasco Baet & Sorog Sorog Luzon. Ray H.Pl. 1888. H. Ox. S. 10 p. 344. 2. I have both received this from the East Indies, and seen it growing at Hampton Court. 25. Ricinus Madraspat. pediculis apiculatis folijs Aurantij. an Pee Tsierou Ponnagam H. Mal. V. 5. Tab 23. p. 45? These Leaves have the shape and texture of those of Oranges, are lightly serrated but not perforated; what I have observ'd peculiar in this and some other of the Ricini lacciferi is, to have on each side of the Pedicle or base of the Leaf, a small excrescence like the Stamen of a Flower, with its apex on it. 26 Ricinus Madraspat. marginibus foliorum quasi apiculis donatis, Quercus floribus. an Ponnagam H. Mal. V. 5. Tab. 21. p. 41? These Leaves which are broader than the last, have not the apicule at the base, but something like it on the edges of the Leaves. 27. Ricinus Madraspat. Resinifera, Laurocerasi folio. The Leaves stand on very short footstalks, are thick as the, Laurel, Laurel, and some of them as large and more veiny, from the boscum of these come clusters of Flower-buds like those in Holly, at the tops of the branches I often observ'd drops of Gun, re- sembling Mastic. 28. Ricinus Arcantensis Chamænerij folio. Arcaut is about 25 Leagues from Fort St George. Its Flowers and Fruit grow at the top of the branches, the Leaves exactly resemble the Willow-bay, grow alternately, and on each side at their setting on grows a fine hair or beard. 29. Ricinus Malabar. Linariae folio vix serrato. Ricinus Indicus minor, fol. Saligineis serratis H. Ox. S. 10. p. 349. pl. 23. Ricinus Malab. frutescens Lathyridis facie fructu in foli- orum alis echinato Alm. Bot. 321. pl. 2. lin. 8. Lathyris fruticescens fructu in foliorum alis echinato Ray. H. Pl. 1710. c. 10. Codi Avanacu Mal. Boin Erando Bram. H. Mal. V. 2. T. 34. p. 68. Parang tantan tantan Luzon. We come next to the Ricini with divided Leaves, which are called Palma Christi. 30. Barbadoes Physick Nut. Ricinus Americus Lugd. 1790. c. 25. Fig. Fructus. Ricinus Americanus Aldin. 86. Ger. 399. Fig. 2. Fruct. Ger. emac. 496. Lob. Ic. 688. Park. 183. Fig. 4. Ricinus Americanus major sem. nigro C. B. 432. 3. Ricinus Americ. Curcas vocatus Clus. Exot. 299. c. 4. Fig. Fr. Ricinus maj. Americ. Curcas dictus & Faba purgatrix Indiae Occiduae I. B. V. 3. l. 34. p. 643. Fig Chabr. 529. Ic. 4. Ricinus Ficus folio, flore pentapetalo viridi, fructu levi pendulo Cat. Pl. Jam. 40. 1. Ray H. Fl. 166. 2. H. Ox. S. 10. p. 348. 15. A particular account of this Plant, with the use of its Ker- nels we may expect suddenly to see in Dr Sloan's History of Jamaica, which is now in the Press. 31. Ricinus Madraspat. trifidus, dentibus apiculatis. Ricinus Madraspat. fl. purp. trilobato folio, mitibus denticellis crenato Pluk. Tab. 220. Fig. Alm. Bot. 320. pl. 5. H. Ox. S. 10. p. 348. No. 8. Ray V. 3. l. 4. p. 113. pl. 6. The notches of the Leaves are very particular in being apiculated, which is not to be seen in the West India kinds. 32. Ricinus Madraspat. folio trifido laevi. The Leaves of this are deeper cut and much smoother than the next. 33. Ricinus Madraspat. fere trifidus, asper. Ricinus asperior Alceae Venetae folijs aliquatenus accedens Maderaspatana Pluk. Tab. 220. Fig. 2. Alm. Bot. 320. pl. 9. H. Ox. S. 10. p. 348. 14. Ray Vol. 3. l. 4. p. 113. 5. The whole Plant is thick set with stiff white hair, the Leaves are generally lobated, but sometimes whole, or but one side eared. 34. Ricinus Madraspat. alte trifidus, asper. Ricinus urens Cannabinis folijs tryphyllos e Madraspatan. Pluk. Tab. 120. Fig. 6. Alm. Bot. 320. pl. 6. H Ox. S. 10. p. 348. 13. Ray V. 3. p. 113. 4. This is as hairy as the last, and more deeply cut than in No 32. To these the Tithymals and Dwarf Spurges may be fitly joyn'd, as also a Plant which the Malabars call Nirouri, and it seeming it be a species between the Ricini and Tithymali, I chuse to place them here, viz. 35. Nirouri Malabarica fructu & calyce maximo. Frutex baccifer Malabar. osiculo fragili cum 6 intus nucleis Ray H. Pl. 1558. c. 30. 1. Perin Nirouri s. Ma Nirouri & Ma pana posa Mal. Poja Bram. Fruita da Trinidade Lust. Maagdelynens Belg. Hort. Mal. V. 5. Fig. 43. p. 85. Fl. Mal. 120. 5. id. Fol. 30. col. 2. pl. 13. The largeness of its Fruit and Calyx distinguish it from the following. 36. Nirouri Malabar floribus binis ternisve. Katou Nirouri Mal. Bane poje Bram : Folhas de dentei Inst. wild Maagdelyn Belg. H. Mal. Vol 5. Tab. 44. p. 87. Ray. H. Pl. 1636. 2. What distinguishes this from the next is its having more than one Flower, from the bosom of its Leaves, and the lesser Branches come two or three together, which the H. Mal. very well expresses. 37. Nirouri Madraspat. niger, fructu pyramidali. an Nirouri H Mal. V. 2 Tab. 27. p. 45. an Frutex Indicus baccifer Vitis Idea Clusii folijs Breyn. Cent. p.8. c.4 Fig? an Vitis Idea Madraspatensis Niruri forte Malabarensibus dieta Pluk. Tab. 69. Fig. 3? & an Vitis Idea Bengalensis Uva Ursi baccia singulari ad foliorum exortum barbulis do- nata Pluk. Tab. 69. Fig. 4. These two seeming both the same, but in different state. The Flower and Fruit of this comes single between 2 small hairy Beards; the Stalks and Leaves turn blackish in the dry Specimens. 38. Nirouri Madraspat. Senae folio longiore. The Flowers and Fruit are like the last, but smaller, and by its Leaves it's easily distinguished. 39. Nirouri Madraspat. Hyssopi folio longiore. What is peculiar to this and the next is, in having their Stalks flattish, and as it were welted. 40. Nirouri Madraspat. Hyssopi folio breviore. an Frutex baccifer folijs Lini vel Cassiae Poeticæ Madras- patensis nostræ Ray H. Pl. Pluk. Tab. 31. Fig. 2. & Fruticu- lus, capsularis hexapetalos Cassiae Poetarum folijs e Madras- pat. Pluk. Tab. 183. Fig. 4. These two seem mainly to differ, this in the shortness, the last in the length of its Leaves. 41. Nirouri Madraspat. Mimosa foliis. an Tsieru Kirganeli H. Mal. V. 10. Tab. 16. p. 31? The Berry is perfectly tricoccous and furrowed like the Spurges, its Leaves and manner of growing distinguish it from all the aforegoing. 42. Nirouri affinis Madraspat. Portulacæ minoris folio. The Fruit of this is brown, smooth and conical, about the bigness of a Cherry-stone, it breaks from the bottom into 5 or 6 parts, containing near as many white longish triangular Seed. 43. Chamæsyce Madraspat. major lævis. an Tithymalus Botryoides Madraspat. Hyperici folijs non crenatis floribus ex alis uno versu prodeuntibus Pluk. Tab. 43. Fig. 7. I do not find this disposition holds of Flowering only on one side, as Dr Plukenet asserts, having many specimens to the contrary; These Leaves are very smooth and without notches: 44. Chamæsyce major hirsuta, Indicæ natriusque Mus. Petiv. 758. This differs from the last in having hairy Stalks, and the Leaves lightly serrated, the cluster of Seed are also closer set. 45. Chamæsyce Madraspatan. maculata major. These Leaves grow by pairs without smaller ones amongst them, they very much resemble our Sanæ foin. 46. Chamæsyce Madraspat. maculata minor. an Tithymalus s. Chamæsyce altera Virginiana folijs crenatis & macula fusca elegantur notatis Ray. H. pl. Pluk. Tab. 65. Fig. 8. & Alm. Bot. H. Ox. S. 10. p. 341. 21. These Leaves are much smaller than the last, and somewhat notcht. 47. Chamæsyce Madraspat. foliis majoribus. These Leaves end broad, and are narrow at base, have rarely any bosom Leaves, the Seed comes generally at the end of the branches. 48. Chamæsyce Madraspat. folijs minoribus. This is void of spots, otherwise very like No 46, it's thickset with small Leaves, and the Seed comes from its bosoms. 49. Acetosa Madraspat. vesicaria Betæ folio. Acetosa Africana Brosf Hort. Paris. and Hort. Groning. Viridar. var. 84. & 596. Acetosa Africana Robini vesicaria virid. var. 476. Hort. Lugd. Bat. Acetosa Americana annua folio carnosof virid. var. 2. Hort. Haafn. Acetosa Americana folijs longissimis pediculis donata C. B. 114. 6. prodr. 54. c. 18. 1. an Acetosa Indica Park. 744. 10? an Acetosa Indica folio carnosö Virid. var. 398. Hort. Patavin. Acetosa vesicaria Americana Park. 744. 11. vesicaria peregrina H. Eyf. vesicar. utrinque Indiae annua Alm. Bot. 8. pl. 3. Oxalis Africana J. B. Vol. 2. lib. 23. p. 992. Fig. prodr. 69. pl. 19. Oxalis Africana elegantissima, flosculis ex luteolo virentibus Chabr. 312. Fig. 2. Ray H. Plant. 179. Hist Oxon. 583. Sect. 5. pl. 7. Tab. 28. Ser. 2. Fig. 7. John Bauhin's Figure and Description exactly resembles this Plant, and he doubts whether it be not the Oxalis Zacynthi Insulae Press. Alpini de Plant Egypt. cap. 43. which the Apothecaries of that Island used in their Medicines; but I cannot believe it, because Alpinus says his was a very little Plant, with small thick longish Leaves, resembling Marygolds, this being no small Plant, and has large Leaves very like the white Beet. 50. Triopterus Malabarica Epimedij folio. Acetosa Luzon. Saxatilis nigritarum Camel. not. Ms in Hort. Malab. Solano affinis Malabarica flore & baccis rubescentibus Camel. in Hort. Malab. Vol. 9. Tab. 86. p. 168. Tsieria Narinam pulli Malab. Ambetti Bram. H. Mal. V. 9. Tab. 86. p. 167. Lingat vel Salalay Luzon. This agrees very well in most particulars with the Hortus Malab. and it seems to be an herbaceous Triopterus. 51 Triopterus Malabaricus scandens Inhame folio. an Katu Katsjil Hort. Malab. V. 7. Tab. 36. p. 69? This may be a sort of Inhame vulgo Yam or Potatoe, and is distinguished from others, in having a large three winged Seed Vessel.