A Letter of Mr. W. Derham, Rector of Upminster, Dated Jan. 13. 1697/8. To Dr. Sloane, about a Contrivance to Measure the Height of the Mercury in the Barometer, by a Circle on One of the Weather Plates, with a Register of the Weather, etc. for the Year 1697

| January | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | |---------|---------|-------|--------|------| | 1 | Froft | W.S.W.| 30.07 | 07 | | | Fair | | 04 | | | 2 | Misting | S. | 05 | | | | Fog | S. by W.| 07 | | | | Cloudy | S. | 11 | | | | Calm | S. | 15 | | | 3 | Misting | S. | 18 | 50 | | | Fog | S. | 18 | | | | Cloudy | S. | 18 | | | | Calm | W.by S.| 22 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 23 | | | 4 | Froft | N.E.by E.| 29 | 95 | | | Cloudy | E. | 66 | | | | Calm | S. | 50 | | | 5 | Froft | E. | 30 | | | | Cloudy | E.by S.| 26 | 02 | | | Thaw | S. | 20 | | | | Sleet | S. | 20 | | | | Snow | S. | 20 | | | | Fair | S.W. | 20 | 03 | | | Froft | S.W. | 19 | | | 6 | Froft | N.by E.| 22 | 0.30 | | | Cloudy | N. | 28 | 90 | | | Snow | N. | 28 | 90 | | | Froft | W.by N.| 05 | | | | Cloudy | N.W. | 05 | | | | Sunsh. | N.W. | 29 | 94 | | | Rain | N.W. | 90 | | | | Snow | N.W. | 82 | | | 7 | Froft | S.W. | 51 | | | | Thaw | S.W. | 38 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 10 | 1.20 | | | Thaw | S.W. | 28 | 95.90| | | Rain | S.W. | 28 | 95.90| | 8 | Froft | S.W. | 29 | 46 | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 77 | | | | Fair | S.W. | 83 | | | 9 | Froft | S.W. | 91 | | | | Thaw | S.W. | 96 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 96 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 68 | | | 10 | Froft | S.W. | 94 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 92 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 90 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 91 | | | | Froft | N.E.by N.| 91 | | | | Cloudy | N.E.by N.| 94 | | | | Froft | N.N.W.| 30 | 02 | | | Cloudy | N.N.W.| 02 | | | | Calm | S.W. | 04 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 09 | | | | Fair | S.W. | 10 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 10 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 10 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 10 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 10 | | | February | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | |----------|---------|-------|--------|------| | 1 | Froft | S.W. | 30 | 06 | | | Cloudy | N.E. | 05 | | | | Froft | N.E.by E.| 29 | 95 | | | Cloudy | E. | 66 | | | | Calm | S. | 50 | | | | Froft | E. | 30 | | | | Cloudy | E.by S.| 26 | 02 | | | Thaw | S. | 20 | | | | Sleet | S. | 20 | | | | Snow | S. | 20 | | | | Fair | S.W. | 20 | 03 | | | Froft | S.W. | 19 | | | | Froft | N.by E.| 22 | 0.30 | | | Cloudy | N. | 28 | 90 | | | Snow | N. | 28 | 90 | | | Froft | W.by N.| 05 | | | | Cloudy | N.W. | 05 | | | | Sunsh. | N.W. | 29 | 94 | | | Rain | N.W. | 90 | | | | Snow | N.W. | 82 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 51 | | | | Thaw | S.W. | 38 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 10 | 1.20 | | | Thaw | S.W. | 28 | 95.90| | | Rain | S.W. | 28 | 95.90| | | Froft | S.W. | 29 | 46 | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 77 | | | | Fair | S.W. | 83 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 91 | | | | Thaw | S.W. | 96 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 96 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 68 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 94 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 92 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 90 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 91 | | | | Froft | N.E.by N.| 91 | | | | Cloudy | N.E.by N.| 94 | | | | Froft | N.N.W.| 30 | 02 | | | Cloudy | N.N.W.| 02 | | | | Calm | S.W. | 04 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 09 | | | | Fair | S.W. | 10 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 10 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 10 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 10 | | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 10 | | | March | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | |-------|---------|-------|--------|------| | 1 | Froft | S.W. | 30 | 01 | | | Cloudy | W.S.W.| 18 | | | | Warm | S.W. | 15 | | | | Spring | S.W. | 14 | | | | Fog | S.W. | 29 | 94 | | | Fair | W.by S.| 88 | | | | Mift | S.W. | 75 | | | | Rain | S.W. | 65 | 0.13 | | | Fair | S.W. | 71 | | | | Colder | S.W. | 70 | | | | S. | 46 | | | | Rain | S.W. | 20 | | | | Bluster.| W. | 12 | 85 | | | Fair | W. | 48 | | | | Colder | W.by N.| 57 | | | | Bluster.| W. | 60 | | | | Froft | N.W. | 30 | 01 | | | Fair | N.by E.| 11 | | | | Froft | E. | 15 | | | | Fair | S.W. | 14 | | | | Mift | S.W. | 29 | 95 | | | Fair | S.W.by S.| 90 | | | | Fair | S.W.by W.| 76 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 65 | | | | Cloudy | W.by S.| 64 | | | | Rain | N.W. | 47 | | | | Fair | W.S.W.| 35 | | | | Rain | W.by N.| 21 | | | | Rain | N.by W.| 18 | | | | N. | 35 | | | | Froft | N.W. | 59 | | | | Fair | W. | 60 | 0.02 | | | Cloudy | W. | 48 | | | | Fair | W. | 40 | | | | Bluster.| W. | 48 | | | | Storms | W. | 28 | | | | Fair | W. | 04 | | | | Hall | W. | 28 | 93 | | | Snow | W. | 28 | 93 | | | Froft | N.W. | 29 | 16 | | | Fair | N.W. | 30 | | | | Froft | S.W. | 10 | | | | Snow | N.W. | 10 | | | | Froft | W.by S.| 21 | | | | Fair | N.W. | 41 | | | | Hot Day.| N.W. | 41 | | | | The fam | N.W. | 41 | | | April | May | June | |-------|-----|------| | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | | Cloudy | N.E. | 29.83 | 83 | Fair | S.o | 29.66 | 66 | Fair | S.by W.o | 29.79 | 79 | | Warm | N.E. | 84 | 84 | Hot | S.o | 56 | 56 | Hot | S.by W.o | 42 | 42 | | Fair | N.E. | 82 | 82 | Rain | S.o | 42 | 42 | Rain | S.o | 29.44 | 44 | | Fair | N.E. | 88 | 88 | Shine | S.I | 10 | 10 | Fair | S.by W.o | 79 | 79 | | Want | N.E. | 83 | 83 | Rain | S.I | 37 | 37 | Showers | S.I | 37 | 37 | | of Rain | E. | 82 | 82 | Cloudy | S.W. | 18 | 18 | Cloudy | S.I | 58 | 58 | | Milling | N.O | 75 | 75 | Sultry | S.by W.o | 83 | 83 | Sultry | S.by W.o | 85 | 85 | | Cloudy | N.by E. | 68 | 68 | Hot | S.by W.o | 85 | 85 | Hot | S.by W.o | 85 | 85 | | Cold | N.by E. | 68 | 68 | Thunder | E.by S.o | 85 | 85 | Thunder | E.by S.o | 85 | 85 | | Fair | N.by E. | 74 | 74 | Rain | E.o | 82 | 82 | Rain | E.o | 82 | 82 | | Froft | E. | 73 | 73 | Thunder | E.o | 82 | 82 | Thunder | E.o | 82 | 82 | | Fair | E. | 71 | 71 | Fog | S.by W.o | 70 | 70 | Fog | S.by W.o | 70 | 70 | | Froft | E. | 68 | 68 | Fair | S.W. | 71 | 71 | Fair | S.W. | 71 | 71 | | Dry Season | E. | 67 | 67 | Hot | S.W.b.W | 75 | 75 | Hot | S.W.b.W | 75 | 75 | | Froft | E. | 71 | 71 | Fair | S.W.b.W | 75 | 75 | Fair | S.W.b.W | 75 | 75 | | Warmer | E. | 70 | 70 | Cloudy | S.o | 56 | 56 | Cloudy | S.o | 56 | 56 | | Fog | W. | 65 | 65 | S.by E.o | 50 | 50 | S.by E.o | 50 | 50 | | Fair | W. | 64 | 64 | Fair | S.I | 48 | 48 | Fair | S.I | 48 | 48 | | Cloudy | W. | 64 | 64 | Rain | S.o | 51 | 51 | Rain | S.o | 51 | 51 | | Warm | E.o | 61 | 61 | S.by E.o | 60 | 60 | S.by E.o | 60 | 60 | | and Fair | E.by S.o | 61 | 61 | Fair | S.by W.o | 68 | 68 | Fair | S.by W.o | 68 | 68 | | Fair | E.o | 60 | 60 | S.o | 75 | 75 | S.o | 75 | 75 | | Warm | E. | 63 | 63 | Cloudy | N.W. | 60 | 60 | Cloudy | N.W. | 60 | 60 | | Cloudy | N.by E. | 64 | 64 | Fair | N.W.b.W | 55 | 55 | Fair | N.W.b.W | 55 | 55 | | Fair | N.N.E. | 65 | 65 | Hot | W.o | 40 | 40 | Hot | W.o | 40 | 40 | | Cloudy | N.by E. | 67 | 67 | Fair | S.W.o | 34 | 34 | Fair | S.W.o | 34 | 34 | | Rain | N.E. | 72 | 72 | Fair | S.W.o | 28 | 28 | Fair | S.W.o | 28 | 28 | | Cloudy | N.E. | 72 | 72 | Rain | E.o | 38 | 38 | Rain | E.o | 38 | 38 | | Rain | N.E. | 72 | 72 | Mitty | E.o | 45 | 45 | Mitty | E.o | 45 | 45 | | Fair | N.N.E. | 75 | 75 | Hot | N.E.W. | 64 | 64 | Hot | N.E.W. | 64 | 64 | | Fair | E.by N.o | 76 | 76 | Cloudy | N.I | 78 | 78 | Cloudy | N.I | 78 | 78 | | Fair | E.by N.o | 77 | 77 | Cloudy | N.by W.o | 90 | 90 | Cloudy | N.by W.o | 90 | 90 | | Warm | E. | 77 | 77 | Fair | W.I | 92 | 92 | Fair | W.I | 92 | 92 | | Spr. Day | E. | 77 | 77 | Sultry | W.o | 94 | 94 | Sultry | W.o | 94 | 94 | | Fair | E.o | 73 | 73 | Very Drough-ty | W.by S.o | 98 | 98 | Very Drough-ty | W.by S.o | 98 | 98 | | Cloudy | N.o | 75 | 75 | W.by S.o | 98 | 98 | W.by S.o | 98 | 98 | | N.by W.o | 86 | 86 | W.by S.o | 98 | 98 | W.by S.o | 98 | 98 | | Fair | N.I | 96 | 96 | Hot | S.W.b.W | 93 | 93 | Hot | S.W.b.W | 93 | 93 | | Fair | N.o | 94 | 94 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | | Hot | E.N.E. | 93 | 93 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | | Day | E.N.E. | 95 | 95 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | | The same | E. | 93 | 93 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | | Hot | E. | 85 | 85 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | Hot | N.by E.o | 91 | 91 | | Date | Weather | Temperature | |------|---------|-------------| | | Fair | N. | | | Rain | S. E. | | | Cloudy | E. by S. | | | Frost | S. | | | Thaw | Warm | | | Snow | N. E. | | | Calm | S. | | | Rain | S. by W. | | | Mift | N. | | | Warm | N. W. | | | Rain | E. | | | Frost | E. N. E. | | | Cloudy | N.E.b.N. | | | Fair | W. S.W. | | | Rain | S. | | | Fair | S. | | | Rain | S. | | | Cloudy | S. by E. | | | Bluster.| S. | | | Fair | S. | | | Rain | E. by S. | | | Fair | S. E. | | | Frost | E. by S. | | | Cloudy | W.by N. | | | Rain | S. W. | | | Fair | E. | | | Rain | 47 | | | Fair | 48 o. 03 | | | Frost | N. W. | | | Snow | N. N. W. | | | Fair | N. N. W. | | | Snow | N.W.by W. | | | Storm | N. E. | | | Snow | N. by E. | | | Frost | E. | | | Fair | E. by N. | | | Sharp | N. E. | | | Frost | N. by E. | | | Cloudy | Rain | | | Frost | N. E. | | | Cloudy | Rain | | | Frost | N. E. | | | Snow | S. W. | | | Thaw | S. W. | | | Frost | S. W. | | | Fair | W. | | | Fair | N. N.W. | | | Frost | N. by W. | | | Cloudy | S. | | | Rain | S. W. | | | Fair | S. by W. | | | Calm | S. S. W. | | | Cloudy | S. W. | | | Fair | S. W. | | | Cloudy | S. W. | | | Total | 1. 80 | Place this between Pag. 48, 49. | Weather Condition | Temperature | |------------------|-------------| | Warm | E. I | | Cloudy | N. by E. | | Fair | N. N.E. | | Rain | N. by E. | | Cloudy | N. E. | | Rain | N. N.E. | | Fair | E. by N. | | Fair | Warm | | Spr. Day | | | Fair | | | Cloudy | | | N.by W. | | | Fair | | | Hot | | | Day. | | | The same | | | The same | | | Cloudy | | | Fair | | | Rain | | | Fair | | | Rain | | | Fair | | | Thunder | | | Showers | | | Fair | | | Cloudy | | | The same | | | Fair | | | Little | | | Rain | | | Fair | | | Warm | | | Hot | | | The same | | | Fair | | | Total | | Philosoph. Transact. Numb. 237. Tab. I. | July | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | |------|---------|-------|--------|------| | 1 | Rain | S.S.W.| 29.75 | 73 | | | Fair | S.W.1 | 72 | | | | Same | S.W.2 | 70.0 | 24 | | 2 | Same | S.W.1 | 59.0 | 22 | | | W.b.N.1 | 64 | | | | 3 | Fair | W.o | 75 | | | | Hot | S.o | 85 | | | | Fair | S.W.1 | 85 | | | | Hot | SW | 85 | | | 4 | Fair | W.o | 87 | | | | Cool | W.I | 99 | | | 5 | Hot | W.o | 29.95 | | | | Dry | W.byS.1| 94 | | | | Day | W.byN.1| 90 | | | 6 | Fair | W.byS.1| 86 | | | | Hot | W.byS.1| 79.12 | | | | Rain | S.W.1 | 68 | | | | Rain | S.W.2 | 60 | | | | Cloudy | S.S.W.1| 44.32 | | | 7 | Rain | S.W.1 | 42 | | | | Cool | S.W.1 | 43 | | | | Fairer | W.NW.o| 47.77 | | | 8 | Fair and Cool | W.byN.1| 50 | | | | Cool | W.I | 7 | | | | N.W.b.W.| 82 | | | | 9 | Rain | S.W.1 | 85 | | | | Warmer | S.W.1 | 85 | | | | S.W.b.W.| 92.0 | 50 | | | 10 | Fair | S.o | 29.98 | | | | Hot | S.o | 90 | | | | Fair | S.byW.1| 88 | | | | Cloudy | S.W.1 | 84 | | | | Rain | N.b.W.1| 84 | | | | Cloudy | W.I | 85.0 | 48 | | | Fair | N.W.o | 95 | | | 11 | Cooler | W.I | 95 | | | | Rain | N.M.b.W.| 94 | | | | Thunder | W.byN.1| 92.42 | | | 12 | Fair | N.o | 91 | | | | Cool | N.N.W.o| 93 | | | 13 | Fair | N.W.I | 95 | | | | Cloudy | N.I | 98 | | | | Rain | N. | 93 | | | | Milling | W.NW.I| 30.00 | 62 | | August | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | |--------|---------|-------|--------|------| | 1 | Fair | S.byE.1| 29.73 | | | | Cloudy | S.byE.2| 72 | | | | Rain | S.byE.2| 65 | | | 2 | Fair | S.byE.2| 63.0 | 51 | | | Showers | W.byS.1| 63.0 | 40 | | | Fair | S.byE.2| 69 | | | | Rain | S.byE.2| 69 | | | | Cloudy | W.3 | 71 | | | | Fair | W.byN.1| 73.0 | 05 | | 3 | Rain | S.W.b.S1| 69 | | | | Fairer | W.I | 60.1 | | | | Rain | S.W.2 | 50 | | | | Fairer | S.W.1 | 49.0 | 79 | | | Hot | W.o | 29.95 | | | | Dry | W.byS.1| 94 | | | | Day | W.byN.1| 90 | | | 4 | Fair | W.byS.1| 86 | | | | Hot | W.byS.1| 79.12 | | | | Rain | S.W.1 | 68 | | | | Rain | S.W.2 | 60 | | | | Cloudy | S.S.W.1| 44.32 | | | | Rain | S.W.1 | 42 | | | | Cool | S.W.1 | 43 | | | | Fairer | W.NW.o| 47.77 | | | | Fair and Cool | W.byN.1| 50 | | | | Cool | W.I | 7 | | | | N.W.b.W.| 82 | | | | 5 | Rain | S.W.1 | 85 | | | | Warmer | S.W.1 | 85 | | | | S.W.b.W.| 92.0 | 50 | | | 6 | Fair | S.o | 29.98 | | | | Hot | S.o | 90 | | | | Fair | S.byW.1| 88 | | | | Cloudy | S.W.1 | 84 | | | | Rain | N.b.W.1| 84 | | | | Cloudy | W.I | 85.0 | 48 | | | Fair | N.W.o | 95 | | | 7 | Cooler | W.I | 95 | | | | Rain | N.M.b.W.| 94 | | | | Thunder | W.byN.1| 92.42 | | | 8 | Fair | N.o | 91 | | | | Cool | N.N.W.o| 93 | | | 9 | Fair | N.W.I | 95 | | | | Cloudy | N.I | 98 | | | | Rain | N. | 93 | | | | Milling | W.NW.I| 30.00 | 62 | | September | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | |-----------|---------|-------|--------|------| | 1 | Fair | E.byN.1| 29.98 | | | | Cool | N.E.2 | 30.00 | | | | The same| N.E.2 | 29.98 | | | | Hot Sun | E.byN.1| 88 | | | | Cool Air| E.1 | 89 | | | | Fair | E.2 | 84 | | | | Warmer | Air | 80 | | | | Fair | E.1 | 78 | | | | Hot | E.0 | 80 | | | | Mift | E.0 | 83 | | | | Fair | S.byE.0| 85 | | | | Hot | S.byE.0| 87 | | | | The same| E.2 | 83 | | | | E.0 | 80 | | | | | Fair | E.byN.1| 68 | | | | Cooler | E.byN.2| 65 | | | | Cloudy | E.1 | 43 | | | | Rain | S.2 | 39 | | | | Showers | W.S.W.1| 40 | | | | Fair | S.o | 78.07 | | | | Cloudy | S.byW.2| 77 | | | | Rain | S.3 | 38 | | | | Fair | S.o | 63.1 | 54 | | | Rain | S.2 | 50 | | | | Fair | S.4 | 32 | | | | Fair | S.W.1 | 45 | | | | Rain | 3 | 30 | | | | Fair | S.W.4 | 28 | | | | Cool | W.byS.6| 32 | | | | Cloudy | 2 | 34 | | | | Fair | W.I | 45 | | | | Cool | 0 | 74 | | | | E.byS.0 | 55 | | | | | Rain | S.S.W.2| 43.3 | 10 | | | Fair | S.W.2 | 10.1 | 63 | | | Cloudy | W.byN.0| 38 | | | | Fair | Colder| 30 | | | | Hoar Frost| Mift | 30 | | | | Cloudy | Fair | Cold | | | | Same | | | | The Barometer, and Quantity of Rain falling every Day at Upminster, in Essex, near One Thousand Six Hundred Ninety Seven. | Month | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | |-------|---------|-------|--------|------| | October | Cloudy | N.W. | 29.75 | 19 | | | Mity | S.1 | 76 | 10 | | | Warm | S.1 | 75 | 7 | | | Rain | S.by E. | 74 | 7 | | | Cloudy | S.by E. | 73 | 7 | | | Warm | S.by E. | 72 | 7 | | | Cloudy | S.by E. | 71 | 7 | | | Rain | S.by E. | 70 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W1 | 69 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W2 | 68 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W3 | 67 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W4 | 66 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W5 | 65 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W6 | 64 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W7 | 63 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W8 | 62 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W9 | 61 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W10 | 60 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W11 | 59 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W12 | 58 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W13 | 57 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W14 | 56 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W15 | 55 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W16 | 54 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W17 | 53 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W18 | 52 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W19 | 51 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W20 | 50 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W21 | 49 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W22 | 48 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W23 | 47 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W24 | 46 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W25 | 45 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W26 | 44 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W27 | 43 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W28 | 42 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W29 | 41 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W30 | 40 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W31 | 39 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W32 | 38 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W33 | 37 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W34 | 36 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W35 | 35 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W36 | 34 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W37 | 33 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W38 | 32 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W39 | 31 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W40 | 30 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W41 | 29 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W42 | 28 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W43 | 27 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W44 | 26 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W45 | 25 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W46 | 24 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W47 | 23 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W48 | 22 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W49 | 21 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W50 | 20 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W51 | 19 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W52 | 18 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W53 | 17 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W54 | 16 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W55 | 15 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W56 | 14 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W57 | 13 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W58 | 12 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W59 | 11 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W60 | 10 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W61 | 9 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W62 | 8 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W63 | 7 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W64 | 6 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W65 | 5 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W66 | 4 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W67 | 3 | 7 | | | Fair | SWb.W68 | 2 | 7 | | | Cold | SWb.W69 | 1 | 7 | | | Rain | SWb.W70 | 0 | 7 | | Month | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | |-------|---------|-------|--------|------| | November | Cloudy | S.1 | 30.19 | 19 | | | Mity | S.1 | 15 | 15 | | | Fair | S.S.W. | 11 | 11 | | | Warm | W.by S. | 10 | 10 | | | Pleasant | S.by S. | 9 | 9 | | | Fair | W. | 9 | 9 | | | Colder | W.by S. | 8 | 8 | | | Fog | 29.99 | 99 | 99 | | | Cloudy | SW.b.S. | 94 | 94 | | | Cold | SW.b.S. | 88 | 88 | | | Day | SW.b.S. | 80 | 80 | | | Rain | SW.b.S. | 73 | 73 | | | Fair | W.b.S. | 75 | 75 | | | Rain | W.by N. | 87 | 87 | | | Fair | Cold | 30.00 | 00 | | | Cloudy | E. | 91 | 91 | | | Day | E.by S. | 96 | 96 | | | Frost | E.by S. | 99 | 99 | | | Fair | E.by S. | 10 | 10 | | | Hard | E.by S. | 10 | 10 | | | Frost | E.by S. | 10 | 10 | | | Fair | N.E. | 08 | 08 | | | Frost | N.E. | 04 | 04 | | | Rain | W.by S.1 | 29.73 | 73 | | | Fairer | S.by N.2 | 72 | 72 | | | Rain | N.by W.2 | 70.02 | 02 | | | Frost | N.by W.1 | 68 | 68 | | | Rain | N.by W.1 | 65 | 65 | | | Cloudy | N.1 | 63 | 63 | | | Frost | N.1 | 62 | 62 | | | Rain | N.1 | 60 | 60 | | | Snow | N.E.2 | 40.82 | 82 | | | Sleet | N.1 | 38 | 38 | | | All Day | N.1 | 48 | 50 | | | Frost | W.b.S. | 64 | 64 | | | Hard | NbyW.2 | 30.04 | 04 | | | Frost | N.byW.2 | 03 | 03 | | | The same | N.byW.3 | 03 | 03 | | | The same | N.byW.3 | 00 | 00 | | | The same | N.N.W.1 | 29.92 | 92 | | | The same | N.N.W.1 | 91 | 91 | | | Snow | S.S.W.2 | 26 | 26 | | | Sleet | S.S.W.2 | 26 | 26 | | Month | Weather | Winds | Barom. | Rain | |-------|---------|-------|--------|------| | December | Hard | W.b.N. | 29.86 | 86 | | | Frost and W.b.N. | 87 | 87 | | | Fair | 89 | 89 | | | Same | N.1 | 90 | 90 | | | Same | N.o | 94 | 94 | | | Same | N.N.E. | 08 | 08 | | | Same | N.N.E. | 06 | 06 | | | Cloudy | N.W. | 29.98 | 98 | | | Snow | N.W. | 89 | 89 | | | Half Inch | 95 | 95 | | | Cloudy | N.b.E. | 30.00 | 00 | | | Fair | N.N.E. | 06 | 06 | | | Snow | N.W.b.N. | 29.98 | 98 | | | Fair | N.W.b.N. | 99 | 99 | | | Sn. 1 Inch | 30.00 | 00 | | | Snow | N.W. | 29.92 | 92 | | | Inches | 68 | 68 | | | Fair | E.o | 87 | 87 | | | Snow | S.b.E. | 53 | 53 | | | Sleet | S.b.E. | 42 | 42 | | | Frost | E.N.E. | 55 | 55 | | | Thaw | E.o | 57 | 57 | | | Snow | 2 | 46 | 46 | | | Rain | E.S.E. | 09.27 | 76 | | | Warm | S.b.W. | 10 | 10 | | | Thaw | 24.00 | 90 | | | Thaw | S.by E. | 14 | 14 | | | Rain | S.by E. | 11 | 11 | | | Fair | S.W. | 33 | 33 | | | Warm | W.S.W. | 50 | 50 | | | Pleasant | S.W. | 61 | 61 | | | Cloudy | S.W. | 68 | 68 | | | Warm | W.S.W. | 67 | 67 | | | Day | W.S.W. | 65 | 65 | | | Mity | E.1 | 64 | 64 | | | Warm | E.by N. | 64 | 64 | | | Day | E.by N. | 65 | 65 | | | Froft | E.by N.1 | 58 | 58 | | | Fair | E.by N.1 | 59 | 59 | | | Froft | E. | 57 | 57 | | | Cloudy | E. | 56 | 56 | | | Fairer | E. | 62 | 62 | | | Mity | E. | 64 | 64 | | | Warm | E.by N. | 64 | 64 | | | Day | E.by N. | 65 | 65 | | | Froft | E.by N.1 | 58 | 58 | | | Fair | E.by N.1 | 59 | 59 | | | Froft | E. | 57 | 57 | | | Cloudy | E. | 56 | 56 | | | Fairer | E. | 62 | 62 | | | Mity | E. | 64 | 64 | | | Warm | E.by N. | 64 | 64 | | | Day | E.by N. | 65 | 65 | | Date | Weather | Temperature | |------|---------|-------------| | 1 | S.W.T | 92° 52 | | 2 | S.W.b.W | 30° 00 | | 3 | Fair | | | 4 | Hot | | | 5 | Fair | | | 6 | Cloudy | | | 7 | Rain | | | 8 | Cloudy | | | 9 | Fair | | | 10 | Cooler | | | 11 | Thunder | | | 12 | Fair | | | 13 | Fair | | | 14 | Cloudy | | | 15 | Rain | | | 16 | Cloudy | | | 17 | Showry | | | 18 | Rain | | | 19 | Cloudy | | | 20 | Rain | | | 21 | Fair | | | 22 | Fair | | | 23 | Cool | | | 24 | Day | | | 25 | Fair | | | 26 | Cloudy | | | 27 | Cloudy | | | 28 | Fair | | | 29 | Cool | | | 30 | Day | | | 31 | Cloudy | | Place this between Pag. 48, 49. | Condition | Temperature | |-----------|-------------| | Mity | S.W.o | | Fair | W.i | | Fair | W.by S.o | | Fair | W.by N.W.o | | Cloudy | W.by S.o | | Warm | N.W.o | | Mility | W.o | | Fair | N.N.W.o | | Cold | N.by W.o | | Same | N.by E.i | | Cloudy | N.by E.o | | Fair | E.by S.o | | Mity | S.W.o | | Fog | N.W. | | Cold | S.W. | | Rain | S.W. | | Cloudy | W.S.W.1 | | Fair | W.by S.t | | Fog | W.by S.o | | Cloudy | S.S.W.2 | | Fair | S.W.o | | Cloudy | S.W.o | | Warm | S.W.2 | | Same | W.S.W.2 | | Cloudy | S.W.2 | | Warm | S.W.6 | | Rain | S.W.6 | | Fair | S.W.2 | | Stormy | S.Wb.W.3 | | Froft | S.W.o | | Fair | S.W.o | | Rain | S.W.o | | Warm | S.W.4 | | Small | W.by S.5 | | Showers | W.6 | | Cloudy | W.by S.5 | | Fair | W.by N.1 | | Fair | N.o | | Cool | N.E.2 | | Fairer | N.by W.2 | | Rain | S.by W.2 | | Fair | N.by I | | Rain | N.by W.2 | | Rain | N.by W.2 | | Cloudy | N.by W.2 | | Frost | W.b.S.o | | Fair | N.by W.2 | | Cloudy | N.by W.2 | | Fair | N.by W.2 | | Snow | N.S.W.2 | | Sleet | N.S.W.2 | | All Day | N.by W.2 | | Froft | W.b.S.o | | Fair | N.by W.2 | | Cloudy | N.by W.2 | | Warm | N.by W.2 | | Mity | E.i | | Warm | E.by N.o | | Froft | E.by N.1 | | Fair | E.by N.1 | | Froft | E.by N.1 | | Cloudy | E.o | | Fairer | E.o | | Mity | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Warm | E.o | | Day | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Fairer | E.o | | Mity | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Warm | E.o | | Day | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Fairer | E.o | | Mity | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Warm | E.o | | Day | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Fairer | E.o | | Mity | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Warm | E.o | | Day | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Fairer | E.o | | Mity | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Warm | E.o | | Day | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Fairer | E.o | | Mity | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Warm | E.o | | Day | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Fairer | E.o | | Mity | E.o | | Fair | E.o | | Froft | E.o | | Cloudy | E.o | | Warm | E.o | | Day | E.o | **Philosoph. Transact. Numb. 237. Tab. 2.** II. A Letter of Mr. W. Derham, Rector of Upminster, dated Jan. 13. 1697, to Dr. Sloane, about a Contrivance to measure the Height of the Mercury in the Barometer, by a Circle on one of the Weather Plates, with a Register of the Weather, &c. for the Year 1697. To my former Observations about the Barometer, give me leave to subjoin a Contrivance for measuring the Height of the Mercury, which hath lately occurred to my Thoughts, and which in some Cases is more commodious, than that way with a crooked Tube (I spake of.) This way is by a Circle on one of the Weather-plates, of any convenient Diameter. Divide this into 100 Parts (which are to answer the 100 Parts of an Inch.) The Index which pointeth to these Parts, must be driven round by a small wheel, like the Dial-wheel of a Watch. This Wheel must be driven round by a strait Piece, like a small Ruler, with Teeth on one Edge thereof; every Inch whereof must contain just the same Number of Teeth as are in the Dial-wheel before mentioned; so as that by the thrusting up and down this toothed Ruler, you may at every Inch turn round the Index once. About the middle of this toothed Ruler, a fine Finger must be fixed to point exactly to the Height of the Mercury. And consequently by raising or depressing this Finger to the Height of the Mercury, you very exactly see, on the Circle, the Parts of an Inch, which the Mercury riseth or falleth in the Tube, by reason the Circumference of the Circle is Three or more Inches about. This Description in Words may perhaps be sufficient, but to prevent Obscurity, I have added a Figure. Having proposed the nicest ways I can think of, for measuring the Variation of the Mercury on different Heights, there is one Difficulty (partly suggested to me by a correspondent Friend) which may be resolved hereby, which I have not yet had Opportunity to make trial of, and do therefore recommend it to others. And that is, Whether the Mercury hath exactly the same Variation, on one and the same Height, at two different Times: viz. When the Mercury is high, as in fair Weather; or low, as in foul: I am inclined to think, That as the Atmosphere is heavier or lighter, so its pressure being more or less on the same Height, that consequently the Mercury riseth or falleth sometimes more, sometimes less on one and the same Height. As for Instance, If the Mercury sinketh 1 of an Inch at the Height of 82 Feet, when the Mercury standeth at 30 Inches in the Barometer, I Quære, Whether it will sink so much when the Barometer is at 29 Inches? Fig. 1. representeth the Circle and toothed Ruler, without the Interposition of the Weather-plate; that the Contrivance may be the better seen. A. A. The Ruler with Teeth, made to slide up and down. b. The little Finger that pointeth to the Mercury's Height (which is placed higher on the toothed Rule than it ought to be, that it may be seen.) c. c. c. c. The Index or Dial-wheel. D. D. D. D. The Circle. e. e. The Index. The following Table explained, with Remarks upon it. 1. The Four Columns in each Month are easy: The First giveth the State of the Weather in the Morning, at Noon, and at Night. The Second the Bearing of the Winds. The Third, the Height of the Mercury in the Barometer, in Inches and Centesimals. The last the Quantity of Rain that fell every Day through a Tunnel of Twelve Inches Diameter, in Pounds and Centesimals of a Pound: At the Bottom of which Column is the Quantity of all the Rain that fell in the Month. 2. Where only one sort of Weather is noted upon one Day, that was the Weather of all the Day; especially if the Barometer be noted three times. The same observe also in the Column of Winds. Thus Jan. 2. it was a Misling Day, Wind S. 3. The uppermost Observation of each Day is the Morning Observation; the middlemost at Noon; the lowermost at Night. Or if a Defect be in any of those Three Places, no Observation was made at that time. If you meet with [Rain] noted on the Line that parts every Day, it signifies rain fell in the Night. 4. The Time of observing at Night, was at Nine of the Clock all the Year. But the Morning Observations were all January at 8 of the Clock; all February, and to March 20. at 7 of the Clock; thence to the End of September at Six of the Clock; all October at Seven; all November and December at Eight: And this is the meaning of the Figures that follow the Name of every Month. 5. The Strength of the Winds is noted in the Column of Winds, from March 25. The Reason I did it not before, was, because I did not think of it till Mr. Townley suggested it to me. Note, A Cypher signifies a Calm; 1, 2, 3, &c. denotes the Strength of the Wind; wherefore 5, or 6 is a little Storm; 7, or 8 a great Storm. 6. Where the Weather, Winds, or Rain are noted only in the Morning and at Night, it signifies the Weather, &c. all the Morning and Afternoon; especially if the Barometer was observed at Noon. 7. The Defect of Observations from April 26. to May 16. was occasioned by my Absence in a Journey: Notwithstanding which, I took Care to have the Rain that fell, measured; tho' not on the Days it fell. 8. Forasmuch as the Quantity of Snow falling can't be well observed by the Tunnel, I have therefore in the Table noted the Depth of it on the Ground, as on Dec. 4, &c. 9. The whole Quantity of Rain that fell through my Tunnel last Year, was 77,60 ft. which is less than fell from the Beginning of March (at which time I began my Rain-Observations) till the End of December, 1696. In which Ten Months there fell here, at Upminster, almost 115 ft. and at Townley in Lancashire (according to Mr. Townley's Observations) above 172 ft. and in the whole Year at Townley 203,75 ft. 10. My Rain-Observations I make with a Tunnel of Twelve Inches Diameter (as I have said) the Rain I measure with a Cylindrical Glass. But for a fuller Description, I refer to Mr. Townley's Account of his Method, in one of the Transactions of a former Year.